|
Ballistic gelatin is a solution of gelatin powder in water. Ballistic gelatin closely simulates the density and viscosity of human and animal muscle tissue, and is used as a standardized medium for testing the terminal performance of firearms ammunition. While ballistic gelatin does not model the structure of the body, including skin and bones, it works fairly well as an approximation of tissue and provides similar performance for most ballistics testing. Ballistic gelatin is used rather than actual muscle tissue due to the ability to carefully control the properties of the gelatin, which allows consistent and reliable comparison of terminal ballistics. Gelatin (also gelatine, from French gélatine) is a translucent brittle solid substance, colorless or slightly yellow, nearly tasteless and considered foul smelling, extracted from the collagen inside animals connective tissue. ...
Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ...
In physics, density is mass m per unit volume V. For the common case of a homogeneous substance, it is expressed as: where, in SI units: Ï (rho) is the density of the substance, measured in kg·m-3 m is the mass of the substance, measured in kg V is...
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to deform under shear stress. ...
A top-down view of skeletal muscle Muscle (from Latin musculus little mouse [1]) is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. ...
A firearm is a kinetic energy weapon that fires either a single or multiple projectiles propelled at high velocity by the gases produced by action of the rapid confined burning of a propellant. ...
Boxes of ammunition clog a warehouse in Baghdad Ammunition is a generic military term meaning (the assembly of) a projectile and its propellant. ...
Terminal ballistics, a sub-field of ballistics, is the study of the behavior of a projectile when it hits its target. ...
Preparation of ballistic gelatin The most commonly used formula: "10% ballistic gelatin", is prepared by dissolving 1 part 250 bloom gelatin into 9 parts of warm water (by mass), mixing the water while pouring in the powdered gelatin. It is chilled to 4° Celsius (39° Fahrenheit). An older formula used by NATO among others specifies a 20% solution, chilled to 10° C (50° F), but that solution costs more to prepare as it uses twice the amount of gelatin. In either case, a 1988 research paper[1] recommends that the water should not be heated above 40 C (104 F), as this can cause a significant change in the ballistic performance. For detailed preparation instructions, see [2] and [3]. Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ...
Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German-Dutch physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), who proposed it in 1724. ...
NATO 2002 Summit in Prague. ...
To ensure accurate results, immediately prior to use, the gelatin block is "calibrated" by firing into it a standard .177 caliber (4.5 mm) steel BB, from an air gun over a gun chronograph into the gelatin, and the depth of penetration measured. While the exact calibration methods vary slightly, the calibration method used by the INS National Firearms Unit is fairly typical. It requires a velocity of 600 ± 10 f/s (183 ± 3 m/s), and a BB penetration between 3.25 and 3.75 inches (8.3 to 9.5 cm). 600 f/s is two to three times faster than the velocity of a BB propelled by a typical spring-air BB gun, and so where a typical BB gun might not penetrate the elastic skin of an animal, the higher velocity calibration shot will penetrate the gelatin more than might be expected. The steel cable of a colliery winding tower. ...
Air guns are weapons that propel a bullet using compressed air or another gas, possibly liquefied. ...
A gun chronograph is an instrument used to measure the velocity of a projectile fired by a gun. ...
The United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was a part of the United States Department of Justice and handled legal and illegal immigration and naturalization. ...
Steel BBs BB guns are a type of air gun designed to fire spherical projectiles, called BBs, usually from a smoothbore barrel. ...
In his book Bullet Penetration, (see [4]) ballistics expert Duncan MacPherson describes a method that can be used to compensate for ballistic gelatin that gives a BB penetration that is off by several centimeters (up to two inches) in either direction. MacPherson's Figure 5-2, Velocity Variation Correction to Measured BB Penetration Depth, can be used to make corrections to BB penetration depth when measured BB velocity is within ±10 m/s of 180 m/s. This method can also be used to compensate for error within the allowed tolerance, and normalize results of different tests, as it is standard practice to record the exact depth of the calibration BB's penetration. Broadly, normalization (also spelled normalisation) is any process that makes something more normal, which typically means conforming to some regularity or rule, or returning from some state of abnormality. ...
Uses Since ballistic gelatin mimics the properties of muscle tissue, it is the preferred medium for comparing the terminal performance of different expanding ammunition, such as hollow point and soft point bullets. These bullets use the hydraulic pressure of the tissue or gelatin to expand in diameter, limiting penetration and increasing the tissue damage along their path. While the Hague Convention restricts the use of such ammunition in warfare, it is commonly used by police and civilians in defensive weapons, as well as police sniper and hostage-rescue teams, where rapid disabling of the target and minimal risk of overpenetration are required to reduce collateral damage. .357 Magnum rounds. ...
A soft point bullet is a lead bullet with a copper or brass jacket that is left open at the tip, exposing some of the lead inside (compare to hollow point bullet). ...
Hydraulics is a branch of science and engineering concerned with the use of liquids to perform mechanical tasks. ...
The Hague Conventions were international treaties negotiated at the First and Second Peace Conferences at The Hague, Netherlands in 1899 and 1907, respectively, and were, along with the Geneva Conventions, among the first formal statements of the laws of war and war crimes in the nascent body of secular international...
A defensive weapon is a personal weapon that is primarily intended for defending the user against an attacker. ...
Arkansas Army National Guard soldiers practice sniper marksmanship at their firing range near Baghdad, Iraq in 2005. ...
Bullets intended for hunting are also commonly tested in ballistic gelatin. A bullet intended for use hunting small vermin, such as prairie dogs, for example, needs to expand very quickly to have an effect before it exits the target, and must perform at higher velocities due to the use of lighter grain bullets in the cartridges. The same fast-expanding bullet used for prairie dogs would be considered inhumane for use on medium game animals like whitetail deer, where deeper penetration is needed to reach vital organs and assure a quick kill. “Hunter†redirects here. ...
Look up vermin in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Species Cynomys gunnisoni Cynomys leucurus Cynomys ludovicianus Cynomys mexicanus Cynomys parvidens The prairie dog (Cynomys) is a small, burrowing rodent native to the grasslands of North America. ...
...
The MythBusters team is also known to use ballistics gel in many of their experiments, but not necessarily involving bullets, including the exploding implants myth, the deadly card throw, and the ceiling fan decapitation . MythBusters is an American popular science television program on the Discovery Channel starring special effects experts Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman, who use basic elements of the scientific method to test the validity of various rumors and urban legends in popular culture. ...
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: MythBusters The cast/crew of the television series MythBusters performs experiments to verify or debunk urban legends, old wives tales, and the like. ...
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: MythBusters The cast/crew of the television series MythBusters performs experiments to verify or debunk urban legends, old wives tales, and the like. ...
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: MythBusters The cast/crew of the television series MythBusters performs experiments to verify or debunk urban legends, old wives tales, and the like. ...
See also Terminal ballistics, a sub-field of ballistics, is the study of the behavior of a projectile when it hits its target. ...
References - MacPherson, Duncan (1994). Bullet Penetration: Modeling the Dynamics and the Incapacitation Resulting from Wound Trauma. ISBN 0-9643577-0-4.
- Putting Bullets to the Test, Officer.com
- 1998 INS testing procedure, detailing how ballistic gelatin is used to test service cartridges for a wide variety of situations.
- Ordnance gelatin for ballistic studies. Detrimental effect of excess heat used in gelatin preparation., American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology September 9 1988 pp. 218-9.
- Preparing ballistic gelatine--review and proposal for a standard method., Forensic Science International 2004 May 10;141(2-3) pages 91-98
- INLDT Report: Ballistic Gelatin, Penn State Applied Research Laboratory
- A test of PERMA-GEL, a room temperature ballistic gelatin
- MythBusters #1 summary, includes "Magic Bullet"
- MythBusters #3 summary, includes "Peeing on the Third Rail"
- MythBusters #36 summary, includes "Killer Tissue Box"
- MythBusters #48 summary, includes "Franklin's Kite"
The Pennsylvania State University The Pennsylvania State University (commonly known as Penn State) is a state-related land-grant university in Pennsylvania, with over 80,000 students at 24 campuses throughout the state. ...
External links How to make your own Ballistics Gelatin. |
Feeds |
Contact