The Condamine River drains the northern portion of the Darling Downs, an area of sub-coastal southern Queensland. It rises on Mount Superbus, on the inland side of the Great Dividing Range and although only about 100 km from the Queensland coast, the Condamine flows north, then west. About 50 km south of Roma it turns to the south-west and becomes known as the Balonne River. It then joins with the Barwon River and becomes known as the Darling, Australia's longest river, which flows more than 3000 kilometres south_westward to reach the sea near Adelaide in South Australia.

The Condamine was named by Allan Cunningham in 1827 for T. De La Condamine, aide-de-camp to Governor Ralph Darling.

See also:

• Murray-Darling Basin
• Murray River
• Darling River