The Baltic Offensive, also formally referred to as the Baltic Strategic Offensive Operation^[1][2][3][4] as it was called by the Red Army who undertook it, denotes the battle between the German Wehrmacht and the Red Army in the Baltic region during late summer and autumn of 1944. The Red Army's 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Baltic Fronts engaged German Army Group Centre and Army Group North. The result of the series of battles was a permanent loss of contact between Army Groups North and Centre, and the creation of the Courland Pocket in Latvia. Download high resolution version (1201x921, 283 KB)Soviet advances on the Eastern Front (WWII), 1943-08-01 to 1944-12-31 Drawn by User:Gdr File links The following pages link to this file: Siege of Leningrad Operation Bagration Eastern Front (World War II) Talk:Eastern Front (World War II... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany_1933. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union. ... Stavka (Ставка) was the General Headquarters of armed forces in late Imperial Russia and in the Soviet Union. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany_1933. ... Oberkommando der Wehrmacht OKW most notably stands for Oberkommando der Wehrmacht - the high Command of the Third Reich armed forces. ... Combatants Soviet Union,[1] Poland, Tannu Tuva (until 1944 incorporation with USSR), Mongolia Germany,[2] Italy (to 1943), Romania (to 1944), Finland (to 1944), Hungary, Slovakia, Croatia, Spain (to 1943, unofficial) Commanders Joseph Stalin, Aleksei Antonov, Ivan Konev, Rodion Malinovsky, Ivan Bagramyan, Kirill Meretskov, Ivan Petrov, Alexander Rodimtsev, Konstantin Rokossovsky... Combatants Germany Romania Finland Italy Hungary Slovakia  Soviet Union Commanders Adolf Hitler Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb Fedor von Bock Gerd von Rundstedt Heinz Guderian Günther von Kluge Franz Halder Maresal Ion Antonescu C.G.E. Mannerheim Giovanni Messe, CSIR Italo Garibaldi, ARMIR Joseph Stalin Kliment Voroshilov Semyon Timoshenko Fyodor... Battle of the Baltic concerns the German and Soviet battle for the control of the Baltic sea during World War II. Categories: | | | | | ... Combatants Germany Spanish Blue Division Soviet Union Commanders Wilhelm von Leeb Georg von Küchler Agustín Muñoz Grandes Kliment Voroshilov Georgiy Zhukov Strength 725,000 930,000 Casualties Unknown Red Army: 332,059 KIA 24,324 non-combat dead 111,142 missing 16,470 civilians 1 million civilians... Combatants Germany Romania Soviet Union Commanders Erich von Manstein Ivan Petrov Filipp Oktyabrskiy Strength 350,000+ 106,000 Casualties at least 100,000 killed, wounded or captured (Including Romanians) 95,000 captured, 11,000 killed The Battle of Sevastopol was fought from October 30, 1941 to July 4, 1942 between... Combatants Nazi Germany Soviet Union Commanders Fedor von Bock, Heinz Guderian Georgy Zhukov, Aleksandr Vasilevsky Strength As of October 1: 1,000,000 men, 1,700 tanks, 14,000 guns, 950 planes[1] As of October 1: 1,250,000 men, 1,000 tanks, 7,600 guns, 677 planes[2... The formation of the Rzhev salient during the winter of 1941-1942. ... Combatants Germany Soviet Union Commanders Fedor von Bock, Friedrich Paulus Semyon Timoshenko Strength 300,000 men, 1000 tanks, 1500 aircraft 640,000 men, 1200 tanks, 1000 aircraft Casualties 20,000 killed, wounded or captured 207,057 killed, wounded or captured, 652 tanks, 1,646 guns, 3,278 mortars, 57,626... Case Blue (German: ) was the German Wehrmachts codename for the 1942 summer offensive. ... Combatants Germany Romania Italy Hungary Soviet Union Commanders Adolf Hitler Friedrich Paulus # Erich von Manstein Hermann Hoth Petre Dumitrescu Constantin Constantinescu Italo Garibaldi Gusztav Jany Vasiliy Chuikov Aleksandr Vasilyevskiy Georgiy Zhukov Semyon Timoshenko Konstantin Rokossovskiy Rodion Malinovskiy Andrei Yeremenko Strength Army Group B: German Sixth Army # German Fourth Panzer Army... Combatants Germany Soviet Union Commanders Kurt von der Chevallerie M. A. Purkayev Strength ~20,000 (on 19 Nov) 100,000 (on 19 Nov) Casualties 17,000 killed or wounded, 3,000 captured 30,000 killed or wounded Situation after the initial Soviet advance. ... The eastern front at the time of the Second Rzhev-Sychevka Offensive. ... Combatants Nazi Germany Soviet Union Commanders Erich von Manstein Günther von Kluge Hermann Hoth Walther Model Georgiy Zhukov Konstantin Rokossovskiy Nikolay Vatutin Ivan Konyev Strength 2,700 tanks 800,000 infantry 2,000 aircraft 3,600 tanks 1,300,000 infantry and supporting troops 2,400 aircraft Casualties German... Combatants Axis Soviet Union Commanders Günther von Kluge Andrei Yeremenko, Vasily Sokolovsky Strength 850,000 men, 8,800 guns, 500 tanks, 700 planes[1] 1,253,000 men, 20,640 guns, 1,430 tanks, 1,100 planes[1] Casualties (Soviet est. ... Combatants Axis Soviet Union Commanders Erich von Manstein Konstantin Rokossovsky, Ivan Konev Strength 1,250,000 men 12,600 guns 2,100 tanks 2,000 planes 2,650,000 men 51,000 guns 2,400 tanks 2,850 planes Casualties Low est. ... The 1943 Battle of Kiev resulted in a Soviet victory, forcing the German invaders of the Soviet Union to retreat further. ... Combatants Germany Soviet Union Commanders Erich von Manstein, Wilhelm Stemmerman (Gruppe Stemmerman), Hermann Breith, III Panzerkorps Georgi Zhukov, Nikolai Vatutin (1st Ukrainian Front), Ivan Konev (2nd Ukrainian Front), Strength 56,000 70 tanks and assault guns In packet only but much large with relief troops 200,000 500 tanks Casualties... Combatants Germany Soviet Union Commanders Erich von Manstein (Army Group South) Hans-Valentin Hube (First Panzer Army) Georgi Zhukov Nikolai Vatutin (1st Ukrainian Front) Ivan Koniev (2nd Ukrainian Front) Strength 200,000 500,000 Casualties  ?  ? 357 tanks The Battle of the Kamenets-Podolsky Pocket, also known as Hubes Pocket... Combatants Germany Soviet Union Commanders Ernst Busch (to 28 June), Walter Model (Army Group Centre) Georg-Hans Reinhardt (Third Panzer Army) Hans Jordan (Ninth Army) Kurt von Tippelskirch (Fourth Army) Walter Weiss (Second Army) Georgy Zhukov Konstantin Rokossovsky (3rd Belorussian Front) Hovhannes Bagramyan (1st Baltic Front) Ivan Chernyakhovsky (1st Belorussian... Combatants Germany Soviet Union Commanders Josef Harpe (Heeresgruppe Nordukraine) Ivan Koniev (1st Ukrainian Front) Strength 370,000 men 340 AFVs 4,800 guns 1,200,000 men 1,979 AFVs 11,265 guns Casualties 350,000 men 520 AFVs 198,000 men 1,285 AFVs The Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive[1... Combatants Nazi Germany Romania Soviet Union Commanders Ferdinand Schorner (until July 23) Johannes Friessner (from July 25) (Heeresgruppe Sudukraine) Günther Blumentritt (until June 28) Walter Model (until August 16) Georg Hans Reinhardt (Army Group Centre) Konstantin Rokossovsky (1st Belorussian Front) Strength  ?  ? Casualties  ?  ? Lublin-Brest Offensive is covered in the... Combatants Soviet Union Germany Romania Commanders Rodion Malinovsky Fyodor Tolbukhin Johannes Friessner Ion Antonescu Strength 1,341,200, 1,874 tanks and assault guns ca. ... Budapest Offensiv, together with other Soviet Balkan offensivesm is covered by the green area in the south. ... Combatants Wehrmacht i. ... WWII Eastern Front during 1945 The East Prussian Offensive was an offensive by the Red Army in its fight against the German Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front (World War II). ... WWII Eastern Front during 1945 The East Pomeranian Offensive was an offensive by the Red Army in its fight against the German Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front (World War II). ... WWII Eastern Front during 1945 Eastern Front Barbarossa – Baltic Sea – Finland – Leningrad and Baltics – Crimea and Caucasus – Moscow – 1st Rzhev-Vyazma – 2nd Kharkov – Blue – Stalingrad – Velikiye Luki – 2nd Rzhev-Sychevka – Kursk – 2nd Smolensk – Dnieper – 2nd Kiev – Korsun – Hubes Pocket – Baltic – Bagration – Lvov-Sandomierz – Lublin-Brest – Balkans (Iassy-Kishinev) – Balkans... Combatants Soviet Union Poland Nazi Germany Commanders 1st Belorussian Front – Georgiy Zhukov 2nd Belorussian Front – Konstantin Rokossovskiy 1st Ukrainian Front – Ivan Konev Army Group Vistula – Gotthard Heinrici then Kurt von Tippelskirch[2] Army Group Centre – Ferdinand Schörner Berlin Defense Area – Helmuth Reymann then Helmuth Weidling #[3] Strength 2,500... Combatants Germany Soviet Union Czech Insurgents Commanders Ferdinand Schörner Ivan Konev Strength 900,000 2,000,000 Casualties Unknown 11,997 killed or missing, 40,501 wounded or sick (52,498 casualties[1]) The Prague Offensive (Russian:Пражская наступательная операция, Prazhskaya nastupatelnaya operacia, Prague Offensive Operation) was the last major battle of... The Vienna Offensive was launched by the Soviet 3rd Ukrainian Front against Vienna, Austria. ... Combatants Germany Spanish Blue Division Soviet Union Commanders Wilhelm von Leeb Georg von Küchler Agustín Muñoz Grandes Kliment Voroshilov Georgiy Zhukov Strength 725,000 930,000 Casualties Unknown Red Army: 332,059 KIA 24,324 non-combat dead 111,142 missing 16,470 civilians 1 million civilians... Combatants Wehrmacht Red Army Commanders Colonel General Ernst Busch General Kurochkin Strength Unknown 122,100 Casualties Unknown 29,200 The Toropets-Kholm Operation was a military operation ~conducted by the Red Army during the Soviet-German War, from 9th January to 6th February 1942 south of Lake Ilmen. ... Demyansk Pocket (German: die Demjansker Operation, Russian: ) is a name of encirclement of German troops by Red Army near Demyansk (Demjansk), south of Leningrad, during the Second World War, which lasted mainly from February 8 until April 21, 1942. ... Operation Spark (1943) (Russian: Операция Искра, operatsia iskra) was a military operation by the Red Army during January 12 —January 18, 1943 which intended to create a land connection to break the siege of Leningrad conducted by the German Wehrmacht. ... Operation Polar Star was an operation conceived by the Stavka of the Red Army in early 1943, during the Soviet-German War. ... Combatants Germany (Spain) Soviet Union Commanders Emilio Esteban Infantes Vladimir P. Sviridov Strength 5,900 44,000 Casualties 3,945 dead, wounded, missing, or captured 11,000 dead, wounded, missing or captured The Battle of Krasny Bor was fought between the German Wehrmachts 250th Infantry Division, composed of Spanish... Battle of Lenino took place from 12th October to 13th October 1943 near Trigubovo village (later renamed Lenino, today on Belarus) between Soviet Union 33rd Western Front Army and Nazi German forces. ... Battle of Narva Conflict {{{conflict}}} Date {{{date}}} Place {{{place}}} Result {{{result}}} The Battle of Narva took place in the first half of 1944. ... Combatants Red Army, Polish Home Army Wehrmacht Commanders Rainer Stahel The Battle of Vilnius occurred as part of Operation Bagration, the great summer offensive by the Red Army against the Wehrmacht, in June, and July, 1944. ... Combatants Red Army Wehrmacht Commanders Soviet STAVKA German OKW Strength Unknown Unknown Casualties 260,000 all causes Unknown // [edit] Overview The Battle of the Baltic, called the Baltic Operation by the Red Army who undertook it, denotes combat operations between the German Wehrmacht and the Red Army in the Baltic... For other organizations known as the Red Army, see Red Army (disambiguation). ... The straight-armed Balkenkreuz, a stylized version of the Iron Cross, the emblem of the Wehrmacht. ... For other organizations known as the Red Army, see Red Army (disambiguation). ... Population density in the wider Baltic region. ... Army Group Centre (Heeresgruppe Mitte in German) was created on 22 June 1941 when Army Group B was renamed Army Group Centre. ... Army Group North (Heeresgruppe Nord in German) was a high level command grouping of military units operating for Germany during World War II. The army group coordinated the operations of attached army corps, reserve formations, and direct-reporting units. ... Army Group Courland (German: Heeresgruppe Kurland) On the 25 January 1945 Hitler renamed three army groups. ...

Setting the stage

During 1944, the Wehrmacht was pressed back along its entire frontline in the east. In February 1944 it had to retreat from the approaches to Leningrad to the prepared Panther Line in Estonia. In June and July, Army Group Centre was thrown back into Poland by Operation Bagration. This created the opportunity for the Red Army to attack towards the Baltic Sea, thereby splitting the land connection between the German Army Groups. The Panther Line was a line of fortifications constructed by the German Army in Russia during World War II to defend against advancing Soviet forces. ... Combatants Germany Soviet Union Commanders Ernst Busch (to 28 June), Walter Model (Army Group Centre) Georg-Hans Reinhardt (Third Panzer Army) Hans Jordan (Ninth Army) Kurt von Tippelskirch (Fourth Army) Walter Weiss (Second Army) Georgy Zhukov Konstantin Rokossovsky (3rd Belorussian Front) Hovhannes Bagramyan (1st Baltic Front) Ivan Chernyakhovsky (1st Belorussian... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. ...

By 5 July 1944, the Šiauliai Operation commenced, as a follow-on from Operation Bagration. Soviet Forty-Third, Fifty-First, and Second Guards Armies attacked towards Riga on the Baltic coast with Third Guards Mechanized Corps in the van. By 31 July 1944 the coast on the Gulf of Riga had been reached. Sixth Guards Army covered Riga and the extended flank of the penetration towards the north. The German reaction was rapid, and initially successful. With some independent armoured formations it was possible to cut off the Soviet troops on the coast, and re-establish a tenous 30-km wide corridor connecting Army Groups Centre and North. A second attack, code-named Operation Doppelkopf, was attempted from 16 August 1944 by XXXX. and XXXIX. Panzerkorps under the command of 3. Panzerarmee. This attack was to re-take the key road-junction of Šiauliai/Schaulen. This attack ran head-on into an in-depth defensive by the 1st Baltic Front, and by 20 August 1944 the attack had stalled with heavy losses. A follow-on attack code-named Operation Cäsar failed in the same manner. After a brief period of respite, the STAVKA ordered to conduct the Baltic Offensive, which lasted from 14 September to 24 November 1944. Location Ethnographic region Samogitia County Å iauliai County Municipality Å iauliai city municipality Elderate Number of elderates 2 Coordinates General information Capital of Å iauliai County Å iauliai city municipality Å iauliai district municipality Population (rank) 129,075 in 2005 (4th) First mentioned 1236 Granted city rights 1589 Å iauliai ( (help· info), approximate English transcription: , is... // Background A Panzerkorps was a military formation type in the German Wehrmacht during World War II. The name was introduced in 1942, when the motorised Armeekorps (AK (mot. ... The German Third Panzer Army (German: ) was a German panzer army that saw action during World War II. The Third Panzer Army was a constituent of Army Group Centre and fought in the Battle of Moscow in late 1941 and early 1942. ... The First Baltic Front was a Front of the Soviet Army during the Second World War. ... Stavka (Ставка) was the General Headquarters of armed forces in late Imperial Russia and in the Soviet Union. ...

Multiple Battles

The Baltic Operation covers a number of battles. These include the later phases of the Battle of the Tannenbergstellung (1944), as well as the German Panzeroperationen Doppelkopf and Cäsar in September/October 1944, which were aiming at the restoration of contact between Army Groups Centre and North. A further notable operation was the amphibious attack on the Estonian islands of Dagö, Ösel, and Moon (German spelling), which block access to the Gulf of Riga. Combatants Germany (Large numbers of Foreign Volunteers) Soviet Union Commanders Walter Model (Army Group North) Johannes Frießner (Armee-Abteilung Narwa) , Felix Steiner (III SS (Germanic) Panzer Corps), Leonid Govorov (Leningrad Front), Kirill Meretskov (Volkhov Front), Strength 45,000 60 tanks / assault guns 200,000 450 tanks Casualties unknown unknown...

Consequences

The Soviet fronts involved in the battle lost a total of ca. 260,000 men to all causes (killed, missing, wounded, sick). As a result of the battle the Germans were driven out of Estonia and Lithuania taken over by Soviet forces. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1256x956, 203 KB) [edit] Info Originally uploaded by en:User:Andreas1968 [edit] Licensing Webpage: World War II File is under US Government Copyright File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are...

German Army Group North was permanently cut off from its land-based connections to the remainder of the Eastern Front, and occupied a bridge-head in Latvia. On the 25 January Hitler renamed Army Group North to Army Group Courland implicitly recognising that there was no possibility of a new land corridor between Courland and East Prussia.^[5] The Red Army was free to disregard the forces penned in the pocket as a major threat and to focus on operations on its northern flank that were now aiming at East Prussia. Nevertheless, offensive action by the Red Army against the Courland Pocket continued until the surrender of the Army Group on 9 May 1945, when close to 200,000 Germans went into Soviet captivity. is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945, standard German pronunciation in the IPA) was the Führer (leader) of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) and of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. ... Army Group Courland (German: Heeresgruppe Kurland) On the 25 January 1945 Hitler renamed three army groups. ... Soviet advances on the Eastern Front (WWII), 1943-08-01 to 1944-12-31 In 1944 some 200,000 German soldiers were trapped in the Courland Pocket by the Red Army of the Soviet Union. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...

The German command released thousands of native conscripts from military service. However the Soviet command began conscripting Baltic natives as areas were brought under Soviet control.^[4] While some ended up serving on both sides, many hid in the woods to avoid conscription. (See also Forest Brothers) The Forest Brothers (also: Brothers of the Forest, Forest Brethren; Forest Brotherhood; in Estonian: metsavennad, in Latvian meža brāļi, in Lithuanian miško broliai) were Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian partisans who waged guerrilla warfare against Soviet rule and for German Nazis during the Soviet invasion and occupation of...

See also

• Battle of Memel

The Battle of Memel[1] was fought on the Eastern Front of World War II in late 1944 and early 1945. ...

Formations and units involved

Soviet

• 1st Baltic Front commanded by General Hovhannes (Ivan) Baghramian
  • Fifth Guards Tank Army commanded by General Volsky
  • Sixth Guards Army commanded by Lieutenant-General I.M. Chistyakov
  • Fourth Shock Army commanded by Lieutenant-General Malyshev
  • Forty-Third Army commanded by Lieutenant-General A.P. Beloborodov
  • Fifty-First Army commanded by Lieutenant-General Ia. G. Kreizer
  • Thirty-Third Army commanded by Lieutenant-General Tsvetaev
• 2nd Baltic Front commanded by Army-General A.I. Yeremenko
  • Third Shock Army commanded by Lieutenant-General N.P. Simonyak
  • Twenty-Second Army (Soviet Union) commanded by Lieutenant-General Vostrukhov
• 3rd Baltic Front commanded by Colonel-General I.I. Maslennikov
• 3rd Belorussian Front (parts) commanded by Army General I.D.Chernyakovsky
  • Second Shock Army commanded first by Lieutenant-General P.G. Chanchibadze, then by Lieutenant-General I.I. Feduninsky
  • Third Guards Mechanized Corps commanded by Lieutenant-General V.T. Obukhov
  • Sixty-First Army commanded by Lieutenant-General Belov
  • Sixty-Seventh Army commanded by Lieutenant-General Sviridov
• Leningrad Front commanded by Marshal L.A. Govorov (parts)
  • Eighth Army commanded by Lieutenant-General Starikov

The First Baltic Front was a Front of the Soviet Army during the Second World War. ... Hovhannes Baghramian (Armenian Armenian: ; December 2 [O.S. November 20] 1897 — September 21, 1982), was a Soviet military commander. ... The Bryansk Front was a Front (i. ... Marshal of the Soviet Union Andrei Yeremenko Andrei Ivanovich Yeremenko (Yeryomenko, Андрей Иванович Ерёменко) (October 14, 1892 - November 19, 1970) Soviet general during World War II, Marshal of the Soviet Union, born in Markovka in the province of Kharkov in Ukraine to a peasant family. ... The Red Armys 22nd Army was formed in June 1941 in the Ural Military District. ... The 3rd Belorussian Front (alternative spellings are 3rd Belarusian Front) was one of the Soviet Army fronts during the World War II. At various times, it was commanded by Marshal of the Soviet Union Aleksandr Vasilevsky and General Ivan Chernyakhovsky. ... General Ivan Chernyakhovsky Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky, (also Cherniakhovsky; Russian: ); Uman, current Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine, 29 June 1906 [O.S. 16 June] - Mehlsack, current Pieniężno, Poland, 18 February 1945) was a Soviet General of the Army (the youngest ever to have this rank), twice Hero of the Soviet Union, brilliant... The Leningrad Military District is a military district of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. ... Leonid Aleksandrovich Govorov (Russian Леонид Александрович Говоров) (February 22, 1897 - March 19, 1955), Soviet military commander, was born in the village of Butyrki in central Russia (now in Kirov Oblast). ...

German

• Army Group North commanded by Colonel-General Ferdinand Schörner
  • Eighteenth Army commanded by Colonel-General Loch
    • • 132nd Infantry Division
  • Sixteenth Army commanded by Colonel-General Hansen
• Army Group Centre commanded by Colonel-General Reinhardt
  • Third Panzer Army commanded by Colonel-General Erhardt Rauss
    • XXXX. Panzer Corps
    • XXXIX. Panzer Corps
      • Panzer Grenadier Division Grossdeutschland
      • 4th Panzer Division
      • 5th Panzer Division
      • 17th Panzer Division

Ferdinand Schörner (December 5, 1892 - February 7, 1973) was a general and later Field Marshal in the German Wehrmacht during World War II. // Early life He was born in Munich, Bavaria. ... The German Eighteenth Army (German: ) was a World War II field army. ... The German Sixteenth Army (German: ) was a World War II field army. ... The German Third Panzer Army (German: ) was a German panzer army that saw action during World War II. The Third Panzer Army was a constituent of Army Group Centre and fought in the Battle of Moscow in late 1941 and early 1942. ... Wachregiment Berlin Kommando der Wachtruppe Wachtruppe Berlin Wach-Regiment Berlin Infanterie-Regiment Großdeutschland (mot) Infanterie-Division Großdeutschland (mot) Panzergrenadier-Division Großdeutschland Panzer-Korps Großdeutschland The Großdeutschland Division (lit. ...

References

• Duncan Anderson, Stephen Walsh, Lloyd Clark. The Eastern Front, Zenith Imprint (2001), ISBN 076030923X
• D. Muriyev. Preparations, Conduct of 1944 Baltic Operation Described, Military History Journal (USSR Report, Military affairs), 1984-9
• Alexander Stilwell, Max Hastings. The Second World War: A World in Flames, Osprey (2004}, ISBN 1841768308

Further reading

• Melzer, W. 'Der Kampf um die baltischen Inseln'
• Niepold, G. 'Panzeroperationen Doppelkopf und Cäsar'
• Ziemke, E.F. 'Stalingrad to Berlin'
• Bagramyan 'So schritten wir zum Sieg'
• The Courland Pocket ("Kurland Kessel")
• Axishistory Forum Discussion
• Link to external map of Eastern Front
• The Story of Lithuanian Soldier

Footnotes

1. ^ Duncan Anderson, Stephen Walsh, Lloyd Clark, "The Eastern Front", Zenith Imprint (2001), ISBN 076030923X, p. 203
2. ^ Alexander Stilwell, Max Hastings, Sir (FRW), "The Second World War: A World in Flames", Osprey (2004}, ISBN 1841768308, p. 343
3. ^ Д. M. Проэктор, "Агрессия и катастрофа. Высшее военное руководство фашистской Германии во второй мировой войне", Глава восьмая. "Катастрофа", М.: Наука, 1972.
4. ^ ^{a b} Д. Муриев, Описание подготовки и проведения балтийской операции 1944 года, Военно-исторический журнал, сентябрь 1984. Translation available, D. Muriyev, Preparations, Conduct of 1944 Baltic Operation Described, Military History Journal (USSR Report, Military affairs), 1984-9, pp. 22-28
5. ^ On the 25 January Hitler renamed three army groups: Army Group North became Army Group Courland; Army Group Centre became Army Group North and Army Group A became Army Group Centre