NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Bam, Iran

The modern Iranian city of Bam surrounds the Bam citadel. Before the 2003 earthquake the official population count of the city was of around 78,400. There are various opinions about the date and reasons for the foundation of the citadel. Some people believe that Bam city was founded during the Parthian empire, a very powerful Persian empire, that ruled from 250 BCE to 226 CE. Economically and commercially, Bam occupied a very important place in the region and was famed for its textiles and clothes. Ibne-Haugal (943-977), the Arab traveller and geographer, wrote of Bam in his book Surat-ul-`ard (The Earth-figure): Arg-Ã© Bam, before the 2003 earthquake. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Parthia[1] (Middle Persian: Ø§Ø´Ú©Ø§Ù†ÛŒØ§Ù† AshkÃ¢niÃ¢n) was a civilization situated in the northeast of modern Iran, but at its height covering all of Iran proper, as well as regions of the modern countries of Armenia, Iraq, Georgia, eastern Turkey, eastern Syria, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Kuwait, the Persian Gulf... The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the old Persian homeland, and beyond in Western Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus. ... Events King Constantin II of Scotland retires and becomes a monk, succeeded by his cousin Malcolm I of Scotland Births Deaths Harald I of Norway Categories: 943 ... Events Births Deaths Hunain ibn Ishaq, Egyptian physician Categories: 977 ... Languages Arabic Religions Predominantly Islam Some adherents of Druze, Judaism, Samaritan, Christianity Related ethnic groups Mizrachi Jews, Sephardi Jews[], Ashkenazi Jews, Canaanites, other Semitic-speaking groups An Arab (Arabic: â€Ž; transliteration: ) is a member of a Noble group of people whose cultural, linguistic, and in certain cases, ancestral origins trace back... A geographer is a crazy psycho whose area of study is geocrap, the pseudoscientific study of Earths physical environment and human habitat and the study of boring students to death. ...

The ancient citadel of Arg-é Bam probably has a history dating back around 2000 years ago, to the Parthian dynasty (248 BC-224 AD), but most buildings were built during the Safavid dynasty. The city was largely abandoned due to an Afghan invasion in 1722, which overcame a weak Iranian government and ended Safavid rule. Subsequently, after the city had gradually been re-settled, it was abandoned a second time due to an attack by invaders from Shiraz. It was also used for a time as an army barracks. A 25,000 Iraqi dinar note printed after the fall of Saddam Hussein A hyperinflation banknote of 50 billion dinara (1993) A 5,000 dinar bill of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (1992) The dinar is the currency unit of various countries, most of them Arabic-speaking or once part... Khorasan (Persian: Ø®Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø§Ù†) (also transcribed as Khurasan and Khorassan; Horasan in Turkish) is a region located in eastern Iran. ... History studies the past in human terms. ... Parthia[1] (Middle Persian: Ø§Ø´Ú©Ø§Ù†ÛŒØ§Ù† AshkÃ¢niÃ¢n) was a civilization situated in the northeast of modern Iran, but at its height covering all of Iran proper, as well as regions of the modern countries of Armenia, Iraq, Georgia, eastern Turkey, eastern Syria, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Kuwait, the Persian Gulf... The Safavid Empire at its 1512 borders. ... // Events Abraham De Moivre states De Moivres theorem connecting trigonometric functions and complex numbers Publication of the first book of Bachs Well-Tempered Clavier Fall of Persias Safavid dynasty during a bloody revolt of the Afghani people. ... Eram Garden, Shiraz most popular garden. ...

The modern city of Bam was established later than the old citadel. It has gradually developed as an agricultural and industrial centre, and until the 2003 earthquake was experiencing rapid growth. In particular, the city is known for its dates and citrus fruit. The city also benefited from tourism, with an increasing number of people visiting the ancient citadel in recent years. 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Binomial name Phoenix dactylifera L. The Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera is a palm, extensively cultivated for its edible fruit. ... Species & major hybrids Species Citrus aurantifolia - Key lime Citrus maxima - Pomelo Citrus medica - Citron Citrus reticulata - Mandarin & Tangerine Major hybrids Citrus Ã—sinensis - Sweet Orange Citrus Ã—aurantium - Bitter Orange Citrus Ã—paradisi - Grapefruit Citrus Ã—limon - Lemon Citrus Ã—limonia - Rangpur lime Citrus Ã—latifolia - Persian lime See also main text for other hybrids Citrus... For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ... Tourists on OÊ»ahu, Hawaii Tourism is travel for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes, and also refers to the provision of services in support of this act. ...

Etymology of the word Bam

About the origin of the word Bam, there are some links even to the mythical history of Iran, namely according to some sources^{[attribution needed]} “Bam” is metamorphosis of the word “Bahman”, which is the name of a king, about whom Ferdowsi (940? -1020?), narrated in his most famous work Shahnameh (The Book of Kings). In the poem, Bahman was the son of Esfandiyar who had fought against Rostam, one of the chief heroes in the Shahnameh. As Ferdowsi epically narrates, Bahman fights against one of the sons of Rostam, who was called Faramarz. A sandstorm hindered Faramarz and Bahman defeated him; as a triumph he built a fortress on the rock hill there, where the Bam Citadel is now situated. // For the Derek Sherinian album, see Mythology (Derek Sherinian album). ... Bahman is the name of 11th month in Iranian calendar. ... Ferdowsi Tousi (ÙØ±Ø¯ÙˆØ³ÛŒ Ø·ÙˆØ³ÛŒ in Persian) (more commonly transliterated Firdausi, Ferdosi or Ferdusi) (935â€“1020) is considered to be one of the greatest Persian poets to have ever lived. ... Shahnameh Scenes from the Shahnameh carved into reliefs at Tus, where Ferdowsi is buried. ... Esfandiar or Esfandyar (in Persian: ) is an Iranian legendary hero. ... Rostam Slaying the Dragon- A miniature Painting by Master Mahmoud Farshchian. ... Rostam Slaying the Dragon- A miniature Painting by Master Mahmoud Farshchian. ... A sandstorm approaching Al Asad, Iraq, just before nightfall on April 27 2005. ...

2003 earthquake

On December 26, 2003 at 1:56 AM UTC (5:26 AM local time) Bam Citadel -- "the biggest adobe structure of the world" -- and most of the city of Bam proper were devastated by an earthquake. The United States Geological Survey estimated its magnitude as 6.6 on the Richter scale. The BBC reported that "70% of the modern city of Bam" was destroyed. Death toll numbers as high as 80,000 were rumoured on the street and 70,000 reported in the media. However, the total death toll was given as 41,000 on January 17 and the latest estimate from Tehran has halved previous estimates to 26,271 deaths. An additional 10,000 - 50,000 were reported injured (this number is very uncertain, the most reported number is 30,000, which may have originated from an early Reuters account. According to the Iranian news agency IRNA, the old Bam Citadel was "levelled to the ground" [1]. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (3000x3000, 2370 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Bam, Iran Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (3000x3000, 2370 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Bam, Iran Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner... IKONOS is a commercial earth observation satellite that collects high-resolution imagery at 1- and 4-meter resolution. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1078x950, 158 KB) Summary Edit of public domain Image:Arge_Bam_Arad. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1078x950, 158 KB) Summary Edit of public domain Image:Arge_Bam_Arad. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, 361st in leap years. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a high-precison atomic time standard. ... The Arg-é Bam (ارگ بم in Persian, Bam citadel) was the largest adobe building in the world, located in Bam, a city in the Kerman province of southeastern Iran. ... An earthquake is a phenomenon that results from the sudden release of stored energy in the Earths crust that creates seismic waves. ... The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. ... The Richter magnitude test scale (or more correctly local magnitude ML scale) assigns a single number to quantify the size of an earthquake. ... This article is an overview article about the Crown chartered British Broadcasting Corporation formed in 1927. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Tehran (IPA: ; Persian: ØªÙ‡Ø±Ø§Ù† TehrÄn), population (as of 2005) 7,314,000 (metropolitan: 12,151,000), and a land area of 658 square kilometers (254 sq mi), is the capital city of Iran (Persia) and the center of Tehran Province. ... Reuters Group plc (LSE: RTR and NASDAQ: RTRSY); pron. ... The Islamic Republic News Agency, or IRNA, is the official news agency of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ...

An international relief effort to help the survivors got under way as soon as news of the scale of the disaster reached the outside world. Rescue efforts quickly became a body recovery exercise, with many of the dead being buried in mass graves with the mullahs sanctioning abbreviated Islamic burial rites due to the huge numbers and fear of disease. The high death toll occurred because very few people who were trapped when their mud-brick homes collapsed managed to survive. Rescue workers reported that the collapsing mud-brick structures had completely disintegrated and buried people in piles of earth, rather than trapping them in voids or air pockets between building slabs, as would happen in a concrete building collapse. Those few who did survive being trapped were generally rescued within the first few hours, after being dug out by local survivors, or were trapped in ventilated air pockets. Among the survivors of the earthquake was 97-year-old Sharbānou Māzandarānī (شهربانو مازندرانی in Persian), who was trapped in her home for eight days. Rescue workers took three hours to dig her out after sniffer dogs found her. She survived by being under a table near a ventilation pipe. Mullahs in the court of a Qajar monarch, Iran. ... Islam (Arabic: ; ( â–¶ (helpÂ· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... Persian (Local names: ÙØ§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ FÃ¢rsi or Ù¾Ø§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ PÃ¢rsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Return inlet (left)Supply outlet (right). ...

The international relief effort staged in the earthquake's aftermath helped to thaw relations somewhat between Iran and western countries. Numerous countries (including the United States and UK) sent supplies and search-and-rescue teams including the International Rescue Corps. In February of 2004 Bam was visited by Charles, Prince of Wales, a further indication of the improvement of international relations following the disaster. International Rescue Corps or IRC is one of the few truly independent front-line search and rescue organisations in the world. ... The Prince Charles, Prince of Wales (Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten-Windsor; born Windsor, 14 November 1948), is the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. ...

Post 2003 Development

Immediately following the 2003 earthquake the Iranian government began to plan a new city based on modern city planning theories in order to eliminate problems that existed with the old city. The development of the plan took at least six months and resulted in significant complaints against the central government and local government by the Bam earthquake survivors. Nevertheless, the government in Tehran continued its plans and currently the city is being rebuilt. The citadel is also being rebuilt with specialist care from the Ministry of Culture and from Japanese universities. Tehran (IPA: ; Persian: ØªÙ‡Ø±Ø§Ù† TehrÄn), population (as of 2005) 7,314,000 (metropolitan: 12,151,000), and a land area of 658 square kilometers (254 sq mi), is the capital city of Iran (Persia) and the center of Tehran Province. ...

On 16 March 2007 a 130 km/h sandstorm hit the city of Bam without warning, suffocating 3 children, killing 2 in car accidents, and wounding 14 others. [2] March 16 is the 75th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (76th in leap years). ... Sandstorm can refer to: Sandstorms, a term used for dust storms in the desert. ...

External links

World Heritage Sites in Iran

Bam and its Cultural Landscape | Bisotun | Meidan Emam, Esfahan | Pasargadae | Persepolis | Soltaniyeh | Takht-e Soleyman | Tchogha Zanbil Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... EncyclopÃ¦dia Iranica is a grand project of Columbia Universitys Center for Iranian Studies to create a comprehensive and authoritiative English language encyclopedia about the history and culture of Persia (Iran). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iran. ... Elabana Falls is in Lamington National Park, part of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves World Heritage site in Queensland, Australia. ... The Behistun Inscription, carved into a cliffside, gives the same text in three languages, telling the story of King Darius conquests, with the names of twenty-three provinces subject to him. ... Naghsh-i Jahan (Persian: Ù…ÙŠØ¯Ø§Ù† Ù†Ù‚Ø´ Ø¬Ù‡Ø§Ù† ), also known as shah or imam square (maidan in Farsi), situated at the center of Isfahan city, Iran, is one of the largest city squares in the world. ... Pasargadae was a city in ancient Persia, and is today an archaeological site and one of Irans UNESCO World Heritage Sites. ... Persepolis aerial view. ... Soltaniyeh, situated in the Province of Zanjan, some 240 km to the north-west from Tehran, used to be the capital of Ilkhanid rulers of Persia in the 14th century. ... Takht e Soleyman, or Takht e Soleiman, is the holiest shrine of Zoroastrism and Sassanid Empire, now a World Heritage Site near the town of Takab in West Azarbaijan, Iran. ... A model of the current Chogha Zanbil ziggurat, showing the other buildings in the vicinity of the main structure. ...

Coordinates: 29°06′N 58°21′E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Contents

Etymology of the word Bam GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

2003 earthquake

Post 2003 Development

External links

Etymology of the word Bam