Some of the cities in Mali which were under the control of the Bambara Empire.

The Bambara Empire (also Bamana Empire or Ségou Empire) was a large pre-colonial West African state based at Ségou, now in Mali. It was ruled by the Kulubali or Coulibaly dynasty established in 1652 by Fa Sine also known as Biton-si-u. The empire existed as a centralized state from 1712 to the 1861 invasion of Toucouleur conqueror El Hadj Umar Tall.  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ... Ségou or Segu is a city in Mali, lying northeast of Bamako on the River Niger, in the region of Ségou. ... // Events April 6 - Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope, and founded Cape Town. ... // Events Treaty of Aargau signed between Catholic and Protestants. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... The Toucouleurs (or Haalpulaaren) are an ethnicity of West Africa. ... El Hadj Umar Tall (1797 - 1864) was a conqueror and Toucouleur king who founded a brief empire encompassing much of what is now Guinea, Senegal, and Mali. ...

The Kulubali Dynasty

In 1652, Fa Sine became the third Fama (Mande word for King) of a small kingdom of Bambara people in the city of Ségou in Mali. Though he made many successful conquests of neighboring tribes and kingdoms, he failed to set up significant administrative framework, and the new kingdom disintegrated following his death (c. 1660). Fama may refer to: Fama Fraternitatis, the manifesto of the Rosicrucians. ... Mandé is the name of an ethnic group or nation, as well as a group of languages which are spoken in several countries in West Africa, including Mandinka, Soninke, Bambara, Dioula, Kagoro, Bozo, Mendé, Yacouba, and Vai. ...

In the early 18th century, Mamari Kulubali (sometimes sited as Mamari Bitòn) settled in Ségou and joined an egalitarian youth organization known as a tòn. Mamari soon reorganized the tòn as a personal army, assumed the title of bitòn, and set about subduing rival chiefs. He established control over Ségou, making it the capital of a new Bambara Empire. (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ...

Fortifying the capital with Songhai techniques, Bitòn Kulubali built an army of several thousand men and a navy of war canoes to patrol the Niger. He then proceeded to launch successful assaults against his neighbors, the Fulani, the Soninke, and the Mossi. He also attacked Tomboctou, though he held the city only briefly. During this time he founded the city of Bla as an outpost and armory. The Songhai Empire, c. ... Categories: Africa-related stubs | Burkina Faso | Cameroon | Ethnic groups of Africa | Fulani Empire | Mali | Nigeria ... Also called Sarakole, Seraculeh, or Serahuli, the Soninke are a Mandé people who descend from the Bafour, and are closely related to the Imraguen of Mauritania. ... Mossi is the name of a people living in central Burkina Faso. ... See also Timbuktu (novel) for the book by Paul Auster. ... Bla, population 15,000 (2004 est. ...

Mamari Kulubali was the last ruler to be called Bitòn. All future rulers were simply titled Fama, the traditional Mandé word for king. Bakari, the first Fama after Mamari reigned from (1710-1711). Fama De-Koro ascended in 1712 reigning until 1736. The kingdom had three more kings with unstable 4-year reigns until falling into anarchy in 1748. // Events April 10 - The worlds first copyright legislation became effective, Britains Statute of Anne Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713) Births January 3 - Richard Gridley, American Revolutionary soldier (d. ... // Events February 24 - The London premiere of Rinaldo by George Friderich Handel, the first Italian opera written for the London stage. ... // Events Treaty of Aargau signed between Catholic and Protestants. ... Events January 26 - Stanislaus I of Poland abdicates his throne. ... Events April 24 - A congress assembles at Aix-la-Chapelle with the intent to conclude the struggle known as the War of Austrian Succession - at October 18 - The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle is signed to end the war Adam Smith begins to deliver public lectures in Edinburgh Building of...

The Ngolosi

In 1750, a freed slave named Ngolo Diarra seized the throne and re-established stability, reigning for nearly forty years of relative prosperity. The Ngolosi, his descendants, would continue to rule the Empire until its fall. Ngolo's son Mansong Diarra took the throne following his father's 1787 death and began a series of successful conquests, including that of Tomboctou (c. 1800) and the Massina region. Events March 2 - Small earthquake in London, England April 4 - Small earthquake in Warrington, England August 23 - Small earthquake in Spalding, England September 30 - Small earthquake in Northampton, England November 16 – Westminster Bridge officially opened Jonas Hanway is the first Englishman to use an umbrella James Gray reveals her sex... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ngolo Diarra was the king of the Bambara Empire from 1766 to 1795. ... Mansong Diarra (also Monzon) was ruler of the Bambara Empire from 1795 to 1808. ... 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... See also Timbuktu (novel) for the book by Paul Auster. ... Macina may refer to: The Macina Empire, in present-day Mali Macina (swamp), in Mali Masina (Kinshasa), one of the 24 municipalities of Kinshasa See also: List of people by name: Mac, for people named Macina This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ...

Economy and structure

The Bambara Empire was structured around traditional Bambara institutions, including the kòmò, a body to resolve theological concerns. The kòmò often consulted religious sculptures in their decisions, particularly the four state boliw, large altars designed to aid the acquisition of political power. Theology (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, word or reason) means reasoned discourse concerning religion, spirituality and God. ...

The economy of the Bambara Empire flourished through trade, especially that of the slaves captured in their many wars. The demand for slaves then led to further fighting, leaving the Bambara in a perpetual state of war with their neighbors. Slave transport in Africa, from a 19th century engraving The trading of slaves has been carried on for thousands of years in Africa. ...

Mungo Park, passing through the Bambara capital of Ségou two years after Diarra's 1795 death, recorded a testament to the Empire's prosperity: Mungo Park Title illustration of (1859) Mungo Park (September 10, 1771 – 1806) was a Scottish explorer of the African continent. ... Ségou or Segu is a city in Mali, lying northeast of Bamako on the River Niger, in the region of Ségou. ...

The view of this extensive city, the numerous canoes on the river, the crowded population, and the cultivated state of the surrounding countryside, formed altogether a prospect of civilization and magnificence that I little expected to find in the bosom of Africa.[1]

Image File history File links Cquote1. ... Image File history File links Cquote2. ...

Jihad and fall

In the 1818 Battle of Noukouma in 1818, Bambara forces met and were defeated by Fula Muslim fighters rallied by the jihad of Cheikou Amadu (or Seku Amadu) of Massina. The Bambara Empire survived but was irreversibly weakened. Seku Amadu's forces decisively defeated the Bambara, taking Djenné and much of the territory around Mopti and forming into a Massina Empire. Tomboctou would fall as well in 1845. The real end of the empire, however, came at the hands of El Hadj Umar Tall, a Toucouleur conqueror who swept across West Africa from Fouta Djallon. Umar Tall's mujahideen readily defeated the Bambara, seizing Ségou itself on March 10, 1861, forcing the population to convert to Islam, and declaring an end to the Bambara Empire. 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... Mopti is a city at the confluence of the River Niger and the River Bani in Mali, between Timbuktu and Ségou. ... The Massina Empire was a nineteenth-century Peul empire centered in the Mopti Region of present-day Mali. ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... El Hadj Umar Tall (1797 - 1864) was a conqueror and Toucouleur king who founded a brief empire encompassing much of what is now Guinea, Senegal, and Mali. ... The Toucouleurs (or Haalpulaaren) are an ethnicity of West Africa. ... Fouta Djallon is a highland region in Guinea, West Africa. ... Mujahideen (Arabic: ‎, , strugglers) is an Islamic term for Muslim holy-warriors. ... March 10 is the 69th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (70th in leap years). ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ...

Reference

• Davidson, Basil. Africa in History. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.

Basil Davidson (born 9 November 1914 in Bristol England) is an acclaimed writer and historian of Africa. ...

Further reading

• Djata, Sundiata A. K. The Bamana Empire by the Niger: Kingdom, Jihad and Colonization 1712-1920. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1997. ISBN 1558761314.

External links

• Timeline of Western Sudan
• Pre-colonial Malian History (French language)
• Segu Kingdom rulers, from Host Kingdoms
• Mali traditional states from World Statesman
• Epics about the Segou Kingdom

Notes

1. ^ Quoted in Davidson, p245.