Bamboo
Bamboo forest in Kyoto, Japan
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Subfamily: Bambusoideae Supertribe: Bambusodae Tribe: Bambuseae Kunth ex Dumort.
Diversity
Around 92 genera and 1,000 species
Subtribes
Arthrostylidiinae Arundinariinae Bambusinae Chusqueinae Guaduinae Melocanninae Nastinae Racemobambodinae Shibataeinae See the full Taxonomy of the Bambuseae. Bamboo can refer to: Bamboo, group of woody perennial evergreen plants in the true grass family Poaceae Dracaena sanderiana, lucky bamboo Bamboo, the incomplete second album by Beach Boy Dennis Wilson bamboo (unit), an obsolete unit of measurement Bamboo (house), a short lived UK house project, most known for its... Download high resolution version (546x802, 112 KB)Bamboo trees in Kyoto, Japan. ... For other uses, see Kyoto (disambiguation). ... Scientific classification redirects here. ... For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. ... Liliopsida is the botanical name for a class. ... families see text Poales is a botanical name at the rank of order. ... Subfamilies There are 7 subfamilies: Subfamily Arundinoideae Subfamily Bambusoideae Subfamily Centothecoideae Subfamily Chloridoideae Subfamily Panicoideae Subfamily Pooideae Subfamily Stipoideae The true grasses are monocotyledonous plants (Class Liliopsida) in the Family Poaceae, also known as Gramineae. ... Genera See text. ... Genera See text The Bambusoideae is a subfamily of the true grass family Poaceae. ... Carl Sigismund Kunth (1788-1850) was a German botanist. ... Barthélémy du Mortier Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier (1797 - 1878) was a Belgian politician [] and botanist. ... The tribe Bambuseae comprises around 1,000 species, distributed into numerous tribes, subtribes and about 91 genera: Dendrocalamus spp. ... For other uses, see Genus (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Species (disambiguation). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Genera Actinocladum Alvimia Arthrostylidium Athroostachys Atractantha Aulonemia Colanthelia Elytrostachys Glaziophyton Merostachys Myriocladus Rhipidocladum The Arthrostylidiinae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae). ... Genera Acidosasa Ampelocalamus Arundinaria Borinda Chimonocalamus Drepanostachyum Fargesia Ferrocalamus Gaoligongshania Gelidocalamus Indocalamus Oligostachyum Pseudosasa Sasa Thamnocalamus Yushania The Arundinariinae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae). ... Genera Bambusa Bonia Dendrocalamus Gigantochloa Dinochloa Holttumochloa Kinabaluchloa Melocalamus Sphaerobambos Thyrsostachys The Bambusinae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae). ... Genera Chusquea Neurolepis The Chusqueinae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae). ... Genera Apoclada Criciuma Eremocaulon Guadua Olmeca Otatea The Guaduinae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae). ... Genera Cephalostachyum Davidsea Leptocanna Melocanna Neohouzeaua Ochlandra Pseudostachyum Schizostachyum Teinostachyum The Melocanninae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae). ... Genera Decaryochloa Greslania Hickelia Hitchcockella Nastus Perrierbambus The Nastinae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae). ... Species Racemobambos ceramica Racemobambos clarkei Racemobambos congesta Racemobambos gibbsiae etc. ... Genera Brachystachyum Chimonobambusa Indosasa Phyllostachys Qiongzhuea Semiarundianria Shibataea Sinobambusa Temburongia (incertae sedis) Shibataeinae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae). ... The tribe Bambuseae comprises around 1,000 species, distributed into numerous tribes, subtribes and about 91 genera: Dendrocalamus spp. ...

Bamboo is a group of woody perennial evergreen plants in the true grass family Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae, tribe Bambuseae. Some of its members are giant bamboo, forming by far the largest members of the grass family. Bamboo is the fastest growing woody plant in the world. Their accelerated growth rate (up to 3-4 feet/day (1.5-2.0 inches/hr)) is due to a unique rhizome system and is dependent on local soil and climate conditions. For other uses, see Wood (disambiguation). ... Red Valerian, a perennial plant. ... This article is about plant types. ... For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ... Subfamilies There are 7 subfamilies: Subfamily Arundinoideae Subfamily Bambusoideae Subfamily Centothecoideae Subfamily Chloridoideae Subfamily Panicoideae Subfamily Pooideae Subfamily Stipoideae The true grasses are monocotyledonous plants (Class Liliopsida) in the Family Poaceae, formerly also known as Gramineae. ... Subfamilies There are 7 subfamilies: Subfamily Arundinoideae Subfamily Bambusoideae Subfamily Centothecoideae Subfamily Chloridoideae Subfamily Panicoideae Subfamily Pooideae Subfamily Stipoideae The true grasses are monocotyledonous plants (Class Liliopsida) in the Family Poaceae, also known as Gramineae. ... Genera See text. ...

They are of economic and high cultural significance in East Asia and South East Asia where they are used extensively in gardens, as a building material as well as a food source. In Filipino, they are known as kawayan, in Chinese as zhu (Chinese: 竹; pinyin: zhú), in Japanese as take (Kanji: 竹; Hiragana: たけ, take^?), in Korean as dae (대) or daenamu (대나무), in Vietnamese as Tre /tʃe/, and in Indonesian as bambu^[1]. This article is about the geographical region. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngwén) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: Hànyǔ, Huáyǔ, or Zhōngwén) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... The Japanese language is a spoken and written language used mainly in Japan. ... Japanese writing Kanji Kana Hiragana Katakana Hentaigana Manyōgana Uses Furigana Okurigana Rōmaji   ) are the Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese logographic writing system along with hiragana (平仮名), katakana (片仮名), and the Arabic numerals. ... Hiragana ) is a Japanese syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system, along with katakana and kanji; the Latin alphabet is also used in some cases. ... The Korean language is the most widely used language in Korea, and is the official language of both North and South Korea. ...

There are 91 genera and about 1,000 species of bamboo. They are found in hot tropical regions. They occur across East Asia, from 50°N latitude in Sakhalin through to northern Australia, and west to India and the Himalaya.^[2] They also occur in sub-Saharan Africa, and in the Americas from the southeast of the United States^[3] south to Argentina and Chile, there reaching their furthest south anywhere, at 47°S latitude. Major areas with no native bamboos include Europe, north Africa, western Asia, Canada, most of Australia, and Antarctica.^[4] The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... This article is about the geographical region. ... Sakhalin (Russian: , IPA: ; Japanese: 樺太 ) or サハリン )); Chinese: 庫頁; also Saghalien, is a large elongated island in the North Pacific, lying between 45°50 and 54°24 N. It is part of Russia and is its largest island, administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast. ... Perspective view of the Himalaya and Mount Everest as seen from space looking south-south-east from over the Tibetan Plateau. ... For other uses, see Sahara (disambiguation). ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... World map showing the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere historically considered to consist of the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ...

Ecology

Mass flowering

Although some bamboos flower every year, most species flower infrequently. In fact, many bamboos only flower at intervals as long as 60 or 120 years. These taxa exhibit mass flowering (or gregarious flowering), with all plants in the population flowering simultaneously. The longest mass flowering interval known is 130 years, and is found in the species Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. & Zucc. In this species all plants of the same stock flower at the same time, regardless of differences in geographic locations or climatic conditions. The lack of environmental impact on the time of flowering indicates the presence of some sort of “alarm clock” in each cell of the plant which signals the diversion of all energy to flower production and the cease of vegetative growth.^[5] This mechanism, as well as the evolutionary cause behind it, is still largely a mystery.

One theory attempting to explain the evolution of this semelparous mass flowering is the predator satiation hypothesis. This theory argues that by fruiting at the same time a population increases the survival rate of their seeds by flooding the area with fruit so that even if predators eat their fill, there will still be seeds left over. The death of the adult clone, this hypothesis argues, is due to resource exhaustion, as it would be more effective for parent plants to devote all resources to creating a large seed crop than to hold back energy for their own regeneration.^[6]

Giant bamboo with person to show relative size

A second theory, the fire cycle hypothesis, argues that the death of the adult plants has evolved as a mechanism to create disturbance in the habitat, thus providing the seedlings with a gap to grow in. This hypothesis argues that the dead culms create a large fuel load, and also a large target for lightning strikes, increasing the likelihood of wildfire.^[7] Because bamboos are very aggressive as early successional plants, the seedlings would be able to out compete other plants and take over the space left by their parents. However, both of these theories contain flaws, and the cause of this mass flowering and fruiting remains uncertain.

The mass fruiting also has direct economic consequences, however. The huge increase in available fruit in the forests often causes a boom in rodent populations, leading to increases in disease and famine in nearby human populations. For example, there are devastating consequences when the Melocanna bambusoides population flowers and fruits once every 30-35 years around the Bay of Bengal. The death of the bamboo plants following their fruiting means the local people lose their building material, and the large increase in bamboo fruit leads to a rapid increase in rodent populations. As the number of rodents increase, they consume all available food, including grain fields and stored food, sometimes leading to famine. These rats can also carry dangerous diseases such as typhus, typhoid, and bubonic plague, which can reach epidemic proportions as the rodents increase in number.^[8][9]

Bamboo is the fastest-growing plant on Earth. It has been clocked surging skyward as fast as 121 cm (47.6 inches) in a 24-hour period.^[10] It can also reach maximal growth rate which exceed 1 meter (40 inches) per hour for short periods of time.

Many prehistoric bamboos stemming from Poaceae and Bambusoideae have existed since prehistoric eras. These species of bamboo exceeded heights of 250 feet. Primarily growing in regions of warmer climates, vast fields existed in what is now Asia. The growth rate of the genus has been determined to be within a rate of nearly 1 meter (40 inches) per hour. In modern times bamboo can only sustain this growth for short periods of time. During the Mesozoic and Cretaceous period, bamboo growth could exceed 5 meters (16 feet) within 24 hours.

Cultivation

This section does not cite any references or sources. (January 2008) Please improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.

Bamboo foliage with yellow stems (probably Phyllostachys aurea)

Bamboo foliage with black stems (probably Phyllostachys nigra)

Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Download high resolution version (772x1046, 50 KB)Bamboo foliage - photo User:MPF Probably Phyllostachys aurea File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (772x1046, 50 KB)Bamboo foliage - photo User:MPF Probably Phyllostachys aurea File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (672x991, 54 KB) Bamboo foliage - photo MPF Probably Phyllostachys nigra Uploaded to en: by MPF on September 13, 2004 and licensed under GFDL File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (672x991, 54 KB) Bamboo foliage - photo MPF Probably Phyllostachys nigra Uploaded to en: by MPF on September 13, 2004 and licensed under GFDL File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are...

Commercial timber

Timber is harvested from cultivated and wild stands and some of the larger bamboos, particularly species in the genus Phyllostachys, are known as "timber bamboos". Categories: Plant stubs ...

Ornamental bamboos

Many bamboos are popular in cultivation as garden trees. There are two general patterns for the growth of bamboo: "clumping" (sympodial) and "running" (monopodial). Clumping bamboo species tend to spread slowly, as the growth pattern of the rhizomes is to simply expand the root mass gradually, similar to ornamental grasses. "Running" bamboos, on the other hand, need to be taken care of in cultivation because of their potential for aggressive behavior. They spread mainly through their roots and/or rhizomes, which can spread widely underground and send up new culms to break through the surface. Running bamboo species are highly variable in their tendency to spread; this is related to both the species and the soil and climate conditions. Some can send out runners of several meters a year, while others can stay in the same general area for long periods. If neglected, over time they can cause problems by moving into adjacent areas. For other uses, see Garden (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Root (disambiguation). ... In botany, a rhizome is a horizontal, usually underground stem of a plant that often sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. ... Loess field in Germany Surface-water-gley developed in glacial till, Northern Ireland For the American hard rock band, see SOiL. For the System of a Down song, see Soil (song). ...

Bamboos seldom and unpredictably flower, and the frequency of flowering varies greatly from species to species. Some bamboo can flower as frequently as every couple of decades, while some species have never been recorded as flowering in over 100 years. When flowering does occur, it is often as a "gregarious flowering," which means that plants of that species will flower worldwide over a several year period. Once flowering takes place, a plant will decline and often die entirely. Seeds collected from a flowering may be used to rebuild a species, but flowering can also introduce unexpected alterations in the characteristics of the bamboo, so that new variants ("sports") are created instead. There are a number of interesting types of bamboo which did not exist several decades ago that have been introduced as a result of flowering. Seeds generally have a relatively short period of viability (3-12 months). Germination rates can often be improved by use of cold stratification, which involves refrigerating the seeds for a period of 4-8 weeks before planting. Although there are always a few species of bamboo in flower at any given time, and collectors desiring to grow specific bamboo typically obtain their plants as divisions of already-growing plants, rather than waiting for seeds to be produced.

Once established as a grove, it is difficult to completely remove bamboo without digging up the entire network of underground rhizomes. If bamboo must be removed, an alternative to digging it up is to cut down the culms, and then repeatedly mow down new shoots as they arise, until the root system exhausts its energy supply and dies. If any leaves are allowed to photosynthesize, the bamboo survives and may continue spreading. Chemical methods involving herbicides are also used to control bamboo.

There are two main ways to prevent the spread of running bamboo into adjacent areas. The first method is rhizome pruning or "edging", which involves removing any rhizomes escaping the desired bamboo area. Pruning shears, shovels, and pickaxes are useful tools for this task. Under typical soil conditions the rhizomes are generally very close to the surface(usually within 0-3 inches, sometimes as deep as a foot). Rhizome pruning maintenance should be done at least once per year, but better is to check in the spring, summer, and fall. Some species may be deep running (beyond typical spade depth). These are much harder to control and deeper cuts will need to be made. Regular maintenance will indicate major growth directions and locations. Once the rhizomes are cut, they are typically removed; however, rhizomes take a number of months to mature and an immature, severed rhizome will usually cease growing if left in-ground. If any bamboo shoots come up outside of the bamboo area afterwards, their presence indicates the precise location of the missed rhizome. The fibrous roots that radiate from the rhizomes do not grow up to be more bamboo so if they stay in the ground, that's not a problem.

The second way to control growth is by surrounding the plant or grove with a physical barrier. Concrete and specially-rolled HDPE plastic are the usual materials used. This is placed in a 60-90 cm (2-3 feet) deep ditch around the planting, and angled out at the top to direct the rhizomes to the surface. Strong rhizomes and tools can penetrate plastic barriers with relative ease, so great care must be taken. Barriers usually fail sooner or later, or the bamboo within suffers greatly. In small areas regular maintenance is the only perfect method of controlling the spreading bamboos. Bamboo in barriers is much more difficult to remove than free-spreading bamboo. Barriers and edging are unnecessary for clump-forming bamboos. Clump-forming bamboos may eventually need to have portions removed if they get too large.

Uses

Culinary

A grove of giant bamboo in Ecuador

Edible bamboo shoots in a Japanese market

Main article: Bamboo shoot

The shoots (new bamboo culms that come out of the ground) of bamboo, called zhú sǔn (simplified: 竹笋; traditional: 竹筍) or simply sǔn (笋) in Chinese, are edible. They are used in numerous Asian dishes and broths, and are available in supermarkets in various sliced forms, both fresh and canned version. Bamboo shoot tips are called zhú sǔn jiān (竹笋尖) or simply sǔn jiān (笋尖). A health warning is appropriate in the case of the shoots of the giant bamboo, as they contain cyanide. Despite this, the Golden Bamboo Lemur is able to ingest quantities of the toxin that would kill a human several times over, without ill effects. Download high resolution version (1038x499, 115 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1038x499, 115 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Genera Many, see text Bamboos are a group of woody perennial evergreen plants in the true grass family Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae, tribe Bambuseae. ... Binomial name Hapalemur aureus (Meier, Albignac, Peyriéras, Rumpler & Wright, 1987) The Golden Bamboo Lemur or Golden Lemur (Hapalemur aureus) is a medium sized bamboo lemur endemic to southeastern Madagascar. ...

In Indonesia they are sliced thinly and then boiled with santan (thick coconut milk) and spices to make a dish named gulai rebung. Other recipes using bamboo shoots are sayur lodeh (mixed vegetables in coconut milk) and lun pia (sometimes written lumpia: fried wrapped bamboo shoots with vegetables). Note that the shoots of some species contain toxins that need to be leached or boiled out before they can be eaten safely. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Pickled bamboo, used as a condiment, may also be made from the pith of the young shoots. The centre dark spot (about 1 mm diameter) in this yew wood is the pith Elderberry shoot cut longitudinally to show the broad, solid pith (rough-textured, white) inside the wood (smooth, yellow-tinged). ...

The sap of young stalks tapped during the rainy season may be fermented to make ulanzi (a sweet wine) or simply made into a soft drink. Zhúyèqīng jiǔ (竹葉青酒) is a green-coloured Chinese liquor that has bamboo leaves as one of its ingredients. Baijiu (Chinese: 白酒; pinyin: ) or Shaojiu is potent Chinese alcohol. ...

Bamboo leaves are also used as wrappers for zongzi, a steamed dumpling typical of southern China, which usually contains glutinous rice and other ingredients. Zong, zongzi, or Chinese rice dumplings are a traditional Chinese food, made of glutinous rice stuffed with different fillings and wrapped in bamboo leaves. ...

Bamboo is used in Chinese medicine for treating infections. It is also a low calorie source of potassium. In Ayurveda, the Indian system of traditional medicine, the silicious concretion found in the culms of the bamboo stem is called banslochan. It is known as tabashir or tawashir in Unani-Tibb the Indo-Persian system of Medicine. In English this concretion is called "bamboo manna". This concretion is said to be a tonic for the respiratory diseases. This concretion, which was earlier obtained from Melocanna bambusoides is very hard to get now and has been largely replaced by synthetic silcic acid. In most Indian literature, Bambusa arundinacea is described as the source of bamboo manna (Puri, 2003). Ayurveda (Devanagari: ) or Ayurvedic medicine is an ancient system of health care that is native to the Indian subcontinent. ...

The empty hollow in the stalks of larger bamboo is often used to cook food in many Asian cultures. Soups are boiled and rice is cooked in the hollows of fresh stalks of bamboo directly over a flame. Similarly, steamed tea is sometimes rammed into bamboo hollows to produce compressed forms of Pu-erh tea. Cooking food in bamboo is said to give the food a subtle but distinctive taste. Tea Bricks are blocks of whole or finely ground tea leaves that have been packed in molds and pressed into block form. ... Pu-erh, Puer tea, Puer tea or Bolay tea (Chinese: 普洱茶, Standard Mandarin Pǔěrchá, Cantonese Póuyíhchá, Póunéichá, Póuléichá, Hakka Pu3 ngi3 cha2, Wu Phu3 re6 zo6, Minnan 臭殕茶 Chhàu-phú-tê; also 武夷茶 Standard Mandarin Wǔyíchá) is a type of tea made...

In Sambalpur, India, the tender shoots are grated into julliens and fermented to prepare kardi. The name is derived from the Sanskrit word for Bamboo Shoot "karira". This fermented Bamboo Shoot is used in various culinary preparations, notably "amil", a sour vegetable soup. It is also made into pancakes using rice flour as a binding agent. The Shoots that has turned a little fiberous is fermented dried and grounded to sand size particles to prepare a garnish known as "Hendua". It is also cooked with tender Pumpkin leaves to make Sag "Green Leaves" a green leaves recipe. , Sambalpur is a city in the western region of Orissa. ... For other uses, see Rice (disambiguation). ...

In addition, bamboo is frequently used for cooking utensils within many cultures. In modern times, some see bamboo tools as an eco-friendly alternative to other manufactured utensils.^[11]

Other

A "Bamboo Cathedral" in Chaguaramas, Trinidad and Tobago

Bamboo scaffolding can reach great heights.

Chinese bamboo carving, late Qing Dynasty.

Bicycle frame made of bamboo (1896)

Making a bamboo mill in the Yangshuo countryside, Guanxi, China (March 2007)

When treated, bamboo forms a very hard wood which is both lightweight and exceptionally durable. In tropical climates it is used in elements of house construction, as well as for fences, bridges, toilets, walking sticks, canoes, tableware, furniture, chopsticks, food steamers, toys, bicycles, construction scaffolding, as a substitute for steel reinforcing rods in concrete construction, hats, and martial arts weaponry, including fire arrows, flame throwers and rockets. Also, abaci and various musical instruments such as the dizi, xiao, shakuhachi, palendag, jinghu, and angklung. The Bamboo Organ of Las Piñas, Philippines has pipes made of bamboo culms. Bamboo is the traditional material used for fly fishing rods. When bamboo is harvested for wood, care is needed to select mature stems that are several years old, as first-year stems, although full sized, are not fully developed and are not as strong as more mature stems. Chaguaramas lies in the North West Peninsula of Trinidad west of Port-of-Spain; the name if often applied to the entire peninsula, but is sometimes used to refer to the most developed area. ... Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 626 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 626 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This article is about the temporary framework. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1276x1701, 420 KB) [edit] Summary Chinese bamboo carving, Qing Dynasty, c. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1276x1701, 420 KB) [edit] Summary Chinese bamboo carving, Qing Dynasty, c. ... Flag (1890-1912) Anthem Gong Jinou (1911) Qing China at its greatest extent. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 141 KB) Summary An American bike from 1896. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 141 KB) Summary An American bike from 1896. ... For other uses, see Bicycle (disambiguation). ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1152 × 1536 pixel, file size: 751 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Bamboo Metadata This file contains additional... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1152 × 1536 pixel, file size: 751 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Bamboo Metadata This file contains additional... Guanxi (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: gÅ«anxi ), describes the basic dynamic in personalised networks of influence. ... Chopsticks is also the name of a simple piece of music for piano. ... This article is about the construction material. ... Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... German troops use a flamethrower on the Eastern Front during the Second World War A flamethrower is a mechanical device designed to throw flames or, more correctly, project an ignited stream of liquid. ... This article is about the traditional Rocket Festival of Lao ; for another meaning, see Rocket Festival Spain Rocket Festival Lao A rocket on a float in Yasothon, prior to the parade. ... A Chinese abacus Calculating-Table by Gregor Reisch: Margarita Philosophica, 1508 For other uses, see Abacus (disambiguation). ... Bangdi The dizi (Chinese: ; pinyin: ), is a Chinese transverse flute. ... Xiao blowing hole (the hole faces away from the player, against the lower lip, when the instrument is played) The xiao (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: hsiao) is a Chinese vertical end-blown flute. ... A shakuhachi flute, blowing edge up. ... A palendag, a Philippine bamboo flute of the Maguindanaon people Also Pulalu - Manabo[1] The palendag is a type of Philippine bamboo flute, the largest one used by the Maguindanaon. ... A jinghu (Pinyin: JÄ«ng Hú) is a bowed Chinese instrument used in Beijing Opera. ... Angklung Musical Instrument Angklung is a musical instrument made out of two bamboo tubes attached to a bamboo frame. ... The Las Piñas Bamboo Organ, in the Parish Church of St Joseph in Las Piñas City, Philippines, is a nineteenth-century church organ made almost entirely from bamboo: only the trumpet stops are made from metal. ... Las Piñas City is one of the cities and municipalities that comprise Metro Manila in the Philippines. ... Fly rod and reel with a wild brown trout from a chalk stream. ...

Bamboo is also widely carved for decorative artwork. Modern companies are attempting to popularize bamboo flooring made of bamboo pieces steamed, flattened, glued together, finished, and cut. However, bamboo wood is easily infested by wood-boring insects unless treated with wood preservatives or kept very dry (see carving, right). Bamboo floors are manufactured from the bamboo plant. ...

Bamboo canes are normally round in cross-section, but square canes can be produced by forcing the young culms to grow through a tube of square cross-section slightly smaller than the culm's natural diameter, thereby constricting the growth to the shape of the tube. Every few days the tube is removed and replaced higher up the fast-growing culm.

The fiber of bamboo has been used to make paper in China since early times. A high quality hand-made paper is still produced in small quantities. Coarse bamboo paper is still used to make spirit money in many Chinese communities. For other uses, see Paper (disambiguation). ... Joss paper Joss paper (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally gold paper), also known as ghost money, are sheets of paper that are burned in traditional Chinese deity or ancestor worship ceremonies during special holidays. ...

The wood is used for knitting needles and the fiber can be used for yarn and fabrics. Bamboo fabric is notable for its soft feel and claims of natural antibacterial properties.^[12] Clothing made from bamboo fiber is popular for activities such as yoga. Bed sheets and towels made from bamboo have become luxury items^{[citation needed]}. Sharpened bamboo is also traditionally used to tattoo in Japan, Hawaii and elsewhere. For the record label, see Knitting Factory. ... Yarn Spools of thread Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibers, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery and ropemaking. ... A variety of fabric. ... For other uses such as Yoga postures, see Yoga (disambiguation) Statue of Shiva performing Yogic meditation Yoga (Sanskrit: योग Yoga, IPA: ) is a group of ancient spiritual practices originating in India. ...

A complete opium smoking "layout" including a bamboo opium pipe.

Bamboo is used for the stems of traditional Chinese and Japanese smoking pipes, and was also utilized for crafting the stems of opium pipes. A complete opium smoking layout including two opium pipes. ... Youth with pipe by Hendrick Jansz Terbrugghen A pipe is a tool used for smoking. ... A complete opium smoking layout including two opium pipes. ...

A variety of species of bamboo was one of about two dozen plants carried by Polynesian voyagers to provide all their needs settling new islands; in the Hawaiian Islands, among many uses, ʻOhe (bamboo) carried water, made irrigation troughs for taro terraces, was used as a traditional knife for cutting the umbilical cord of a newborn, as a stamp for dyeing bark tapa cloth, and for four hula instruments — nose flute, rattle, stamping pipes and Jew's harp. Carving from the ridgepole of a Māori house, ca 1840 Polynesia (from Greek: πολύς many, νῆσος island) is a large grouping of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. ... Map of the Hawaiian Islands, a chain of islands that stretches 2,400 km in a northwesterly direction from the southern tip of the Island of Hawaii. ... Species Schizostachyum aciculare Schizostachyum glaucifolium Schizostachyum hantu Schizostachyum jaculans Schizostachyum lima Schizostachyum pilosum Schizostachyum zollingeri etc. ... This article is about the plant. ... Tapa from the Lau Island Group of Fiji Tapa cloth (or simply tapa) is a bark cloth made in the islands of the Pacific Ocean, primarily in Tonga and Samoa, but as far afield as Java, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Hawaii. ... Hula kahiko performance in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Hula is often performed as a form of prayer at official state functions in Hawaii. ... Jews harp, from an American Civil War camp near Winchester, Virginia A modern jews harp A metal Jews harp (demir-xomus) from Tuva The Jews harp, jaw harp, or mouth harp is thought to be one of the oldest musical instruments in the world; a musician...

Some skateboard and snowboard deck manufacturers as well as surfboard builders are beginning to use bamboo construction. It is both lighter and stronger than traditional materials and its cultivation is environmentally friendly. At least one snow ski manufacturing company, Liberty Skis, now uses bamboo construction for these reasons.^[13] Liberty Skis Corporation is one the ski industrys largest independent ski manufacturers, and a leader in the manufacture of twin-tip skis, used primarily for a style of skiing known alternately as newschool skiing or freeskiing. ...

Bamboo has been used in the construction of fishing rods since the mid 1800s. However, following the invention of fiberglass and graphite, bamboo use in fishing rods has declined dramatically. There is something of a resurgence of the use of bamboo, particularly for bamboo fly rods as demonstrated by some companies because of their aesthetics and impact on the environment.

Woven Bamboo Basket kept for sale in K R Market, Bangalore, India

Bamboo is also used to make enclosures in fish farming, where cages can be made from a wooden frame and bamboo lattices. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3264 × 2448 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3264 × 2448 pixel, file size: 2. ... , For other uses, see Bangalore (disambiguation). ...

A single shoot of Bamboo can also be made into a didgeridoo, a wind instrument that is indigenous to Australia. A didgeridoo. ...

Bamboo has gained increasing popularity in the culinary world as a material for cutting boards, as they are hard enough to withstand years of knife abuse, yet more forgiving to the knife blade, causing less damage to the edged utensils over time^{[citation needed]}.

In Indonesia, bamboo has been used for making various kinds of musical instruments. The most popular ones are the kolintang and the angklung. A Philippine kulintang of the Maguindanaon people with 8 gongs stacked horizontally by pitch atop a wooden antangan [1] Kulintang is a term for various musical instruments and musical genres which are indigenous to the Southeast Asian islands presently known as Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. ... Angklung Musical Instrument Angklung is a musical instrument made out of two bamboo tubes attached to a bamboo frame. ...

Bamboo in human culture

Bamboo, by Xu Wei, Ming Dynasty.

Bamboo's long life makes it a Chinese symbol of longevity, while in India it is a symbol of friendship. The rarity of its blossoming has led to the flowers' being regarded as a sign of impending famine. This may be due to rats feeding upon the profusion of flowers, then multiplying and destroying a large part of the local food supply. The most recent flowering began in May 2006 (see Mautam). Bamboo is said to bloom in this manner only about every 50 years (see 28–60 year examples in FAO: 'gregarious' species table). Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2024x1557, 263 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Bamboo ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2024x1557, 263 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Bamboo ... Xú Wèi (徐渭) (1521 - 1593) was a Ming Chinese painter famed for his rapid and expressive strokes. ... For other uses, see Ming. ... Photograph of flowering bamboo Bamboo blossom is a natural phenomenon that bamboos of a place will blossom and hung with bamboo seeds. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... In the vernacular Mizo language, the Mautam is the flowering of the bamboo forests of the Northeastern Indian state of Mizoram, and the invariable subsequent plague of giant bandicoot rats and famine. ...

In Chinese culture, the bamboo (zhú 竹), plum blossom (méi 梅), orchid (lán 蘭), and chrysanthemum (jú 菊) (usually, méi lán zhú jú 梅蘭竹菊) are collectively referred to as the Four Noble Ones (四君子). These four plants also represent the four seasons and, in Confucian ideology, four aspects of the junzi (君子 "prince" or "noble one"). The pine tree (松), the bamboo, and the plum blossom (sōng zhú méi 松竹梅) are also admired for their perseverance under harsh conditions, and are together known as the "Three Friends in Winter" (歲寒三友). Species See text. ... ... Orchid re-directs here; for alternate uses see Orchid (disambiguation) Genera Over 800 See List of Orchidaceae genera. ... Species Chrysanthemum aphrodite Chrysanthemum arcticum Chrysanthemum argyrophyllum Chrysanthemum arisanense Chrysanthemum boreale Chrysanthemum chalchingolicum Chrysanthemum chanetii Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Chrysanthemum coronarium, Crown daisy Chrysanthemum crassum Chrysanthemum glabriusculum Chrysanthemum hypargyrum Chrysanthemum indicum Chrysanthemum japonense Chrysanthemum japonicum Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium Chrysanthemum mawii Chrysanthemum maximowiczii Chrysanthemum mongolicum Chrysanthemum morifolium Chrysanthemum morii Chrysanthemum okiense Chrysanthemum oreastrum Chrysanthemum... Four is devoted to the development of an uninhibited artistic exploration of ideas, discourses and new trends in contemporary art and its practices. ... u fuck in ua ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Confucius (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kung-fu-tzu), lit. ... Junzi (君子) was a term coined by Confucius to describe his ideal human. ... Subgenera Subgenus Strobus Subgenus Ducampopinus Subgenus Pinus See Pinus classification for complete taxonomy to species level. ...

In Japan, a bamboo forest sometimes surrounds a Shinto shrine as part of a sacred barrier against evil. Many Buddhist temples also have bamboo groves. Also, bamboo (také 竹) indicates something of the second rank, (as a sushi set or accommodations at a traditional Ryokan (inn)). This comes from the Chinese phrase 松竹梅 (in Japanese, sho-chiku-bai), where pine (matsu 松) is of the first rank, and plum (ume 梅) is of the third. A torii is a gate leading to a jinja. ... For other uses, see Evil (disambiguation). ... This article is about Japanese cuisine. ... A ryokan (旅館) is a type of traditional Japanese inn dating from the Edo Era (1603–1868), when they served travellers along Japans highways. ... Subgenera Subgenus Strobus Subgenus Ducampopinus Subgenus Pinus See Pinus classification for complete taxonomy to species level. ...

A cylindrical bamboo brush holder or holder of poems on scrolls, created by Zhang Xihuang in the 17th century, late Ming or early Qing Dynasty. In the calligraphy of Zhang's style, the poem Returning to My Farm in the Field by the 4th century poet Tao Yuanming is incised on the holder.

Bamboo symbolizes the spirit of Vovinam (a Vietnamese martial arts): "cương nhu phối triển" (coordination between hard and soft (martial arts)). Bamboo also symbolizes the Vietnamese hometown and Vietnamese soul: the gentlemanlike, straightforwardness, hard working, optimism, unity and adaptableness. Furthermore, some scientists even regard that Vietnamese culture is bamboo culture. A Vietnamese proverb says: "When the bamboo is old, the bamboo sprouts appear", the meaning being Vietnam will never be annihilated; if the previous generation dies, the children take their place. Therefore the Vietnam nation and Vietnamese value will be maintained and developed eternally. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 2 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (All user names refer to en. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 2 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (All user names refer to en. ... Calligraphy is an art dating back to the earliest day of history, and widely practiced throughout China to this day. ... Categories: People stubs | Chinese poets ... Vovinam is a type of Vietnamese martial arts. ... Taijitu, the traditional symbol representing the forces of Yin and Yang. ...

The Bozo, an ethnic group in West Africa, are so named because boso means "bamboo house" in Bamana (Bambara) and the other West Mande languages. The Bozo/Boso are traditional fisherpeople on the Niger River. To many people in Western Europe and North America, bamboo is a symbol of East Asia, while in fact many bamboo species grow naturally--and are used extensively in human culture--in sub-Saharan Africa. Bozo the Clown is the name of a clown whose widespread syndication in early television made him the best-known clown character in the United States. ...  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb[1] West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ...

The Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD) Chinese scientist and polymath Shen Kuo (1031-1095) used the evidence of underground petrified bamboo found in the dry northern climate of Yan'an, Shanbei region, Shaanxi province to support his geological theory of gradual climate change.^[14][15] Northern Song in 1111 AD Capital Bianjing (汴京) (960–1127) Linan (臨安) (1127–1276) Language(s) Chinese Religion Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy Emperor  - 960–976 Emperor Taizu  - 1126–1127 Emperor Qinzong  - 1127–1162 Emperor Gaozong  - 1278–1279 Emperor Bing History  - Zhao Kuangyin taking over the throne of the Later Zhou... Events Edgar the Peaceable crowned King of England. ... For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ... Leonardo da Vinci, a polymath, is seen as the epitome of the related term, Renaissance Man A polymath (Greek polymathÄ“s, πολυμαθής, having learned much)[1][2] is a person with encyclopedic, broad, or varied knowledge or learning. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Shen Shen Kuo or Shen Kua (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) (1031–1095) was a polymathic Chinese scientist and statesman of the Song Dynasty (960–1279). ... Events Collapse of the Moorish Caliphate of Córdoba. ... Events The country of Portugal is established for the second time. ... In geology, petrifaction or petrification is the process by which organic material is converted into stone or a similar substance. ... Yanan (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Yen-an), is a city in the Shanbei region of Shaanxi province, China. ... Shanbei (Chinese: 陝北; pinyin: shÇŽnbei; also spelled Shaanbei) is a region of northwestern China, in the Shaanxi province. ...   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ShÇŽnxÄ«; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a north-central province of the Peoples Republic of China, and includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River as well as the Qinling Mountains across the... Geology (from Greek γη- (ge-, the earth) and λογος (logos, word, reason)) is the science and study of the Earth, its composition, structure, physical properties, history, and the processes that shape it. ... Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 450,000 years For current global climate change, see Global warming. ...

Myths and legends

Several Asian cultures, including that of the Andaman Islands, believe that humanity emerged from a bamboo stem. In the Philippine creation myth, legend tells that the first man and the first woman each emerged from split bamboo stems on an island created after the battle of the elemental forces (Sky and Ocean). In Malaysian legends a similar story includes a man who dreams of a beautiful woman while sleeping under a bamboo plant; he wakes up and breaks the bamboo stem, discovering the woman inside. The Japanese folktale "Tale of the Bamboo Cutter" (Taketori Monogatari) tells of a princess from the Moon emerging from a shining bamboo section. Hawaiian bamboo ('ohe) is a kinolau or body form of the Polynesian creator god Kāne Milohai. Andaman Islands The Andaman Islands are a group of islands in the Bay of Bengal, and are part of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory of India. ... The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter (Japanese: 竹取物語; Taketori Monogatari) is a 10th century Japanese folk tale about a mysterious girl, Princess Kaguya. ... Map of the Hawaiian Islands, a chain of islands that stretches 2,400 km in a northwesterly direction from the southern tip of the Island of Hawaii. ... In the Polynesian mythology of Hawaii, Kāne Milohai is the father of Kā-moho-alii, Pele (whom he exiled to Hawaii), Kapo, Namaka and Hiiaka by Haumea. ...

Bamboo bonsai

Bamboo cane is also the weapon of Vietnamese legendary hero Thánh Gióng- who had grown up immediately and magically since the age of 3 years old because of his national liberating wish against Ân invaders. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1116 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Bamboo Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1116 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Bamboo Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create... Maple Bonsai in Heidelberg, Germany Bonsai displayed at a garden show in Tatton Park in Cheshire, England Bonsai   (Japanese: , literally potted plant) is the art of aesthetic miniaturization of trees by growing them in containers. ...

An ancient Vietnamese legend tells of a poor, young farmer who fell in love with his landlord's beautiful daughter. The farmer asked the landlord for his daughter's hand in marriage, but the proud landlord would not allow her to be bound in marriage to a poor farmer. The landlord decided to foil the marriage with an impossible deal; the farmer must bring him a "bamboo tree of one-hundred nodes". The benevolent god Bụt (Buddha)appeared to the farmer and told him that such a tree could be made from one-hundred nodes from several different trees. Bụt gave to him four magic words to attach the many nodes of bamboo: "Khắc nhập, khắc xuất", which means "joined together immediately, fell apart immediately". The triumphant farmer returned to the landlord and demanded his daughter. Curious to see such a long bamboo, the landlord was magically joined to the bamboo when he touched it as the young farmer said the first two magic words. The story ends with the happy marriage of the farmer and the landlord's daughter after the landlord agreed to the marriage and asked to be separated from the bamboo.

Other aspects

Bamboo is the main food of the Giant Panda; it makes up 99% of the Panda's diet.

Soft bamboo shoots, stems, and leaves are the major food source of the Giant Panda of China. Image File history File links Panda1. ... Image File history File links Panda1. ... Panda Bear redirects here. ... Panda Bear redirects here. ...

The plant marketed as "lucky bamboo" is actually an entirely unrelated plant, some people refer to it as the Gigi. Dracaena sanderiana. Japanese knotweed is also sometimes mistaken for a bamboo. Binomial name Dracaena sanderiana Sander ex Mast. ... Binomial name Houtt. ...

Bamboo charcoal is made of bamboo by pyrolysis process. Bamboo Charcoal is made up from pieces of bamboo, which are taken from plants five years or older, and burned inside an oven at temperatures over 800 degrees Celsius. ... Simple sketch of pyrolysis chemistry Pyrolysis usually means the chemical decomposition of organic materials by heating in the absence of oxygen or any other reagents, except possibly steam. ...

The Bamboo Curtain was a colloquial name for the boundary of communist nations in eastern Asia during the Cold War. Bamboo Curtain in 1959 The Bamboo Curtain was the east Asian version of the Iron Curtain. ... This article is about the form of society and political movement. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ...

References

• Puri, H.S. (2003) RASAYANA: Ayurvedic Herbs for Rejuvenation and Longivity. Taylor & Francis, London. (Banslochan pages 71-73)

USDA redirects here. ...

External links

• Bamboo at the Open Directory Project
• Bamboo Resource
• NPR News 2007/08/20 - Bamboo Commercial Use Gains Attention
• Italian Bamboo Society