Ban is a title of either Avar or Illyrian origin, the title was used in some states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century. The title was first used in Bosnia by indigenous local bans. The tiltle was later on also incorporated into the historical Kingdom of Croatia and the Kingdom of Hungary and its dependencies mainly due to occupation of Bosnian lands. The title was further on used in Wallachia from 14th century up to 1831 (where it was associated with the highest boyar office and the region of Oltenia), medieval Moldavia, the Kingdom of Serbia, and then in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. The meaning of the title changed with time — the position of a ban can be compared to that of a viceroy or a duke, but neither is accurate for all historical bans. The territory ruled by a ban was called banat or banovina, often transcribed to English as banate, bannat etc. A title is a prefix or suffix added to a persons name to signify either veneration, an official position or a professional or academic qualification. ... The word Avars can mean: The nomadic people that conquered the Hungarian Steppe in the early Middle Ages, the Eurasian Avars. ... This article is about an ancient civilization in southeastern Europe; see also Illyria (software), Illyria (character in the TV series Angel). ... World map showing Europe Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiogeographic one. ... // Overview Events The Roman-Persian Wars end. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... The Croatian people trace their origins to Slavic peoples which moved into the territory of the former Roman provinces Pannonia and Dalmatia between the 7th and 8th centuries. ... The Kingdom of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyar Királyság) is the name of a multiethnic kingdom that existed in Central Europe from 1000 to 1918. ... Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ... 1831 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... A boyar (also spelt bojar; Romanian: boier) was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Russian and Romanian aristocracy, second only to the ruling princes, from the 10th through the 17th century. ... Map of Romania with Oltenia highlighted Oltenia or Lesser Wallachia is a historical province of Romania. ... Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian) was a Romanian principality, originally created in the Middle Ages, now divided between Romania, Moldovan Republic and Ukraine. ... The Kingdom of Serbia was a very real era. ... The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a kingdom in the Balkans which existed from the end of World War I until World War II. It occupied an area made up of the present-day states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, Republic of Macedonia, and most of present-day Slovenia... -1... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province as a substitute for the monarch. ... The term duke is a title of nobility which refers to the sovereign male ruler of a Continental European duchy, to a nobleman of the highest grade of the British peerage, or to the highest rank of nobility in various other European countries, including Portugal, Spain and France (in Italy...

It is thought that the word ban originates from Sarmatian bajan; it also bears a similarity to khan. The word is preserved in many modern-day place names. But there are as well some theories concerning Illyrian origin and the Illyrian name Banius, which is to be found on Illyrian remainings in Bosnia. Sarmatian horseman Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae (the second form is mostly used by the earlier Greek writers, the other by the later Greeks and the Romans) were a people whom Herodotus (4. ... Khan (sometimes spelled as xan, han, Polish chan) is a title meaning ruler in Mongolian and Turkish. ... This article is about an ancient civilization in southeastern Europe; see also Illyria (software), Illyria (character in the TV series Angel). ... Bosnia and Herzegovina (officially Bosna i Hercegovina, shortened to BiH, also in English variously written Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Bosnia-Hercegovina) is a mountainous country in the western Balkans. ...

Medieval bans

Ban was the title of land administrators in the old lands of Bosnia by its indigenous population, since the 7th century. // Overview Events The Roman-Persian Wars end. ...

Ban was also the title of province administrators in the medieval Croatian state and in the kingdom of Hungary, since the 9th century or since ca. 970. In Hungary, each of the provinces was called banat; the Croatian word was banovina. The Croatian people trace their origins to Slavic peoples which moved into the territory of the former Roman provinces Pannonia and Dalmatia between the 7th and 8th centuries. ... This earthenware dish was made in 9th century Iraq. ...

When Croatia became a part of the Hungarian kingdom in the 12th century, the title of ban acquired the meaning of viceroy because the bans were appointed by the king, though the banate of Croatia was rarely referred to as a banat. Croatia was governed by the viceroy ban as a whole between 1102 and 1225, when it was split into Slavonia and Croatia-Dalmatia. Two different bans were occasionally appointed until 1345/1476, when the institution of a single ban was resumed, and lasted until 1918. (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province as a substitute for the monarch. ...

When the medieval Bosnian state achieved some independence in the 12th century, its rulers were once again called bans, and their territory banovina, likely because of the similar suzerain status that it had towards the king of Hungary. Nevertheless, the Bosnian bans weren't viceroys in the sense they were appointed by the king. Sometimes their titles are translated as dukes. Later in the 13th century they gradually achieved more independence (though in some periods they were still vassals) and eventually proclaimed themselves kings in the late 14th century. The term duke is a title of nobility which refers to the sovereign male ruler of a Continental European duchy, to a nobleman of the highest grade of the British peerage, or to the highest rank of nobility in various other European countries, including Portugal, Spain and France (in Italy... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... A vassal or liege, in the terminology that both preceded and accompanied the feudalism of medieval Europe, is one who enters into mutual obligations with a lord, usually of military support and mutual protection, in exchange for certain guarantees, which came to include the terrain held as a fief. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ...

Ban was also the title of medieval rulers of parts of Wallachia (Oltenia and Severin) since the 13th century. The Wallachian bans were military governors. Territory over which a ban ruled in Wallachia was called a banat. The main Wallachian ruling title was voivod, the position bans aspired to. Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ... Map of Romania with Oltenia highlighted Oltenia or Lesser Wallachia is a historical province of Romania. ... Map of Romania with Caraş_Severin highlighted Caraş_Severin (Hungarian: Krassó_Szörény) is a county in southwestern Romania. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... Voivod or (more common) voivoda is a Slavic term initially denoting first in command of a military unit. ...

The region of Mačva (now in Serbia) was also ruled by bans. Mačva was then part of the Hungarian kingdom though under various levels of independence; some were foreign viceroys, some were native nobles, and one even rose to the status of a royal palatine. The Gorjanski family gave three notable native bans of Mačva in the 14th century. Categories: Serbia and Montenegro geography stubs | Serbia ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The palatine (Latin: comes palatii, comes palatinus, later: palatinus (regni), Hungarian: nádorispán/ nádor, Slovak: nádvorný župan/ nádvorný Å¡pán, later: palatín / nádvorník, German: Palatin) was the highest dignitary in the Kingdom of Hungary after the king (a kind of powerful prime minister... Gorjanski (Hungarian: Garay) were a noble family in the Kingdom of Hungary, with notable members in the 14th and 15th centuries. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ...

Kingdom of Yugoslavia

Ban was also the title for province administrator in Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941; each of the provinces was also called banovina. The weight of the title was not nearly similar to medieval one. The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a kingdom in the Balkans which existed from the end of World War I until World War II. It occupied an area made up of the present-day states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, Republic of Macedonia, and most of present-day Slovenia... -1... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Legacy

The word ban is preserved in many modern place names in the regions where bans once ruled.

The region of Banat (sometimes called the Temesvar/Timişoara Banat) in the Panonian plain between the Danube and the Tisza, now in Romania, Hungaria and Serbia, however got its name without ever being ruled by a ban. Banat (Romanian: Banat; Serbian: Банат or Banat; German: Banat; Hungarian: Bánát or Bánság; Slovak: Banát) is a geographical and historical region in Southeastern Europe divided among three countries: the eastern part belongs to Romania (the counties of TimiÅŸ, CaraÅŸ-Severin, Arad, and MehedinÅ£i), the western... Banat of Temesvar, province of Habsburg Monarchy in 1739 Banat of Temesvar was an Austrian province located in Banat region. ... The Pannonian plain is a large plain in central/south-eastern Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea (see below) dried out. ... The Danube (German: , Slovak: Dunaj, Hungarian: , Croatian: Dunav, Serbian: Дунав/Dunav, Bulgarian: Дунав, Romanian: , Ukrainian: , Latin: Danuvius) is Europes second-longest river (after the Volga). ... The Tisza in Szeged, Hungary Length 1358 km Elevation of the source  ?  m Average discharge  ?  m³/s Area watershed  ?  km² Origin  Ukraine Mouth  Dunav (Danube) Basin countries Ukraine, Romania, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia and Montenegro Tisza ([ˈtisa], Hungarian; Ukrainian Tysa/Тиса Romanian, Slovak and Serbian Tisa) is a river, a tributary of... The Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság   listen?) or Hungary (Magyarország   listen?) is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

A region in central Croatia, south of Sisak, is called Banovina or Banija. The origin of the names of Banja Luka and Banovici, cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, could be from ban. Sisak is a city in central Croatia. ... Banja Luka (Cyrillic: Бања Лука) is the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina and is also the largest city in Republika Srpska entity, as well as a major center of the region known as Bosanska Krajina. ...

The term ban is still used in the phrase banski dvori ("ban's court") for the buildings that host the highest government officials. The Banski Dvori in Zagreb host the Government of Croatia, while the Banski Dvori in Banja Luka host the President of Republika Srpska (first-tier subdivision of Bosnia and Herzegovina). Zagreb (pronounced: ) is the capital city of Croatia. ... The Government of the Republic of Croatia (Vlada Republike Hrvatske), commonly abbreviated to Croatian Government (hrvatska Vlada), is the main element of the executive branch of government in Croatia. ... Banja Luka (Cyrillic: Бања Лука) is the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina and is also the largest city in Republika Srpska entity, as well as a major center of the region known as Bosanska Krajina. ... Official language Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian Official script Cyrillic alphabet, Latin alphabet Capital de jure Sarajevo de facto Banja Luka Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % water  24,811 km²  n/a Population  â€“ Total (2005)  â€“ Density  1,411,000  60/km² Ethnic groups (2005 est. ...

See also

• Bans of Wallachia
• Bans of Bosnia
• Bans of Croatia

Ban, as it occurs in the Croatian tradition and history, originates in the efforts of Ban Jelacic in the 19th century to make Croatia less dependent from Hungary. Croatia had been treated as a constituent part of Hungary since the 12th century, and this was a major achievement when it comes to the preservation of that Croatian identity and defining it as it is today. Croatia borders have been very much defined during that time, the borders of today’s Republic Croatia not being immune to it. The references to ban in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia are linked to this tradition and do not have much in common with the titles of the medieval Bosnian rulers, which in fact predate them. However, the origin of the title ban, as in Kulin ban, may very well be indigenous to Bosnia, i.e. does not necessarily indicate a vassal position of the Bosnian rulers, as a matter of fact it would be hard to produce evidence to support that implication. It is a very bold statement at its best. Below is the list of Wallachian rulers, since the first mentioned until the unification with Moldavia in 1859. ... This is the list of rulers of Bosnia. ... // Earliest history The details of the arrival of the Croats are scarcely documented. ...