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General Sir Banastre Tarleton, 1st Baronet, GCB (21 August 1754 – 25 January 1833) was a British soldier and politician. His reputation for ruthlessness earned him the nickname "Bloody Ban" and "Butcher" amongst American revolutionists. The British and American loyalists hailed him as an outstanding leader of light cavalry. Download high resolution version (615x1000, 110 KB)General Sir Banastre Tarleton by Sir Joshua Reynolds This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
Download high resolution version (615x1000, 110 KB)General Sir Banastre Tarleton by Sir Joshua Reynolds This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
Sir Joshua Reynolds in a self-portrait Colonel Acland and Lord Sydney, The Archers, 1769. ...
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1754 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1833 (MDCCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
This article concerns Patriots in the American Revolutionary War. ...
Britannia gives a heros welcome to returning American Loyalists. ...
Early life
Banastre Tarleton was the fourth of seven children born to the merchant, ship owner and slave trader, John Tarleton of Liverpool (1719 – 1773), who was mayor of Liverpool (1768). Tarleton was educated at the Middle Temple, London and went up to University College, Oxford University where he matriculated in 1771, after which he entered the British army. Merchants function as professionals who deal with trade, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves, in order to produce profit. ...
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For other uses, see Liverpool (disambiguation). ...
Part of Middle Temple c. ...
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College name University College Collegium Magnae Aulae Universitatis Named after Established 1249 Sister College Trinity Hall Master Lord Butler of Brockwell JCR President Peter Surr Undergraduates 420 MCR President Monte MacDiarmid Graduates 144 Homepage Boatclub Crest of University College, Oxford University College (in full, the The Master and Fellows of...
1771 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ...
As a young man, he had inherited £5,000 on his father's death, but squandered it all on gambling. In 1775 he purchased a commission as a cavalry officer in the 1st Dragoon Guards, and proved to be a gifted horseman and leader of troops. The 1st Kings Dragoon Guards was a cavalry regiment in the British Army. ...
American War of Independence In December 1775, he sailed as a volunteer to America with Earl Cornwallis, and his services to the British during the American War of Independence in the year 1776 gained him the position of a brigade major of cavalry. Year 1775 (MDCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ...
For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American...
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The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a war fought primarily between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen of her North American colonies. ...
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In the British Army the Chief of Staff of a brigade or similar formation. ...
Not to be confused with Golgotha, which was called Calvary. ...
Under the command of Colonel William Harcourt, Tarleton was part of a scouting party sent to gather intelligence on the movements of General Charles Lee in New Jersey. On Friday, December 13th, Tarleton surrounded a house in Basking Ridge, New Jersey and forced Lee, still in his dressing gown, to surrender by threatening to burn the building down. Charles Lee Charles Lee (February 6, 1732 â October 2, 1782) was a British soldier turned Virginia planter who was a Major General of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. ...
Basking Ridge, New Jersey is a town that was settled during the early days of the country. ...
This article is about the U.S. state. ...
After becoming the commander of the British Legion, a mixed force of cavalry and light infantry also called Tarleton's Raiders, he proceeded at the beginning of 1780 to South Carolina, rendering valuable services to Sir Henry Clinton in the operations which culminated in the capture of Charleston, South Carolina. Categories: Stub | British Army | Royal Air Force | Royal Navy ...
Traditionally light infantry (or skirmishers) were soldiers whose job was to provide a skirmishing screen ahead of the main body of infantry, harassing and delaying the enemy advance. ...
Tarletons Raiders was the name given to a band of American Loyalist infantry and cavalry under the command of Colonel Banastre Tarleton during the American Revolution. ...
1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
Official language(s) English Capital Columbia Largest city Columbia Largest metro area Columbia Area Ranked 40th - Total 34,726 sq mi (82,965 km²) - Width 200 miles (320 km) - Length 260 miles (420 km) - % water 6 - Latitude 32° 2ⲠN to 35° 13ⲠN - Longitude 78° 32ⲠW to 83...
General Sir Henry Clinton K.B. Commander-in-Chief of British troops in America. ...
Nickname: Motto: Aedes Mores Juraque Curat (She cares for her temples, customs, and rights) Location of Charleston in South Carolina. ...
On May 29, 1780 Tarleton, with a force of 150 mounted soldiers, overtook a detachment of 350 to 380 Virginia Continentals led by Abraham Buford. Buford refused to surrender or even to stop his march. Only after sustaining heavy casualties did Buford order the surrender. What happened next is cause of heated debate. According to American accounts, Tarleton ignored the white flag and mercilessly massacred Buford's men. By Tarleton's own account, his horse was shot from under him in the charge, and chaos erupted when his men believed he had been killed. In the end, 113 Americans were killed and another 203 captured, 150 of whom were so badly wounded that they had to be left behind. Tarleton's casualties were 5 killed and 12 wounded [1]. The British called the affair the Battle of Waxhaw Creek, while the Americans knew it as the Buford Massacre or the Waxhaw Massacre. is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
This article is about the U.S. state. ...
Illustration depicting uniforms and weapons used during the 1779 to 1783 period of the American Revolution by showing four soldiers standing in an informal group General George Washington, was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army on June 15, 1775. ...
Abraham Buford (July 21, 1747-June 30, 1833) was a Continental Army officer during the American Revolutionary War, most known as commanding officer during the Waxhaw Massacre. Born in Culpeper County, Virginia, Buford quickly organized a company of minutemen upon the outbreak of war in 1775, eventually rising to the...
Combatants Britain 17th Lancers{then called Dragoons} British Legion (1778) United States 3rd Virginia Detachment composed of 2nd and 7th Virginia Regiments Commanders Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton Colonel Abraham Buford Strength 270 400 Casualties 5 killed 12 wounded {11 horses killed 19 horses wounded} 113 killed 150 wounded and paroled...
In recounting Tarleton's action at the scene one member of the British Army who was there, a surgeon named Robert Brownfield, wrote that "... Tarleton with his cruel myrmidons was in the midst of them, when commenced a scene of indiscriminate carnage, never surpassed by the ruthless atrocities of the barbarous savages." The Waxhaw massacre became an important rallying cry for the revolutionaries. Many people who had been more or less neutral became ardent supporters of the Revolution after the perceived atrocities. "Tarleton's quarter" and "no quarter" became rallying cries for American Patriots for the rest of the war. Tarleton's nemesis in South Carolina was Francis Marion, whom he could never capture or neutralise. Marion remained quite popular with South Carolina residents and continued his guerrilla campaign with their support. Tarleton, by contrast, alienated the citizenry by numerous acts of cruelty to the civilian population. For example, at one plantation of a deceased Patriot officer, he had the man's body dug up, then required the widow to serve him a meal. One of Marion's men later wrote of the incident: Francis Marion (February 26, 1732âFebruary 27, 1795) was a lieutenant colonel in the Continental Army and later brigadier general in the South Carolina Militia during the American Revolutionary War. ...
On one expedition (Nelson's Ferry - Nov. 1780), Tarleton burnt the house, out houses, corn and fodder, and a great part of the cattle, hogs and poultry, of the estate of Gen. Richardson. The general had been active with the Americans, but was now dead; and the British leader, in civilised times, made his widow and children suffer for the deeds of the husband and parent, after the manner of the East, and coast of Barbary. What added to the cruel nature of the act, was that he had first dined in the house, and helped himself to the abundant good cheer it afforded. But we have seen before the manner in which he requited hospitality. It was generally observed of Tarleton and his corps, that they not only exercised more acts of cruelty than any one in the British army, but also carried further the spirit of depredation. Tarleton materially helped Cornwallis to win the Battle of Camden in August 1780. He was completely victorious in an engagement with Thomas Sumter at Fishing Creek, or Catawba Fords, but was less successful when he encountered the same general at Blackstock Hill in November 1780. Then in January 1781, in spite of much personal valour, Tarleton's forces were virtually destroyed by American Brigadier General Daniel Morgan at the Battle of Cowpens. Tarleton, however, managed to escape. Combatants Britain United States Commanders Charles Cornwallis Horatio Gates Johann de Kalbâ Strength 2,239 3,052 Casualties 68 killed 245 wounded 64 missing 1,000 killed or wounded 1,000 captured 132 missing The Battle of Camden was an important battle in the Southern Theatre of the American Revolutionary...
General Thomas Sumter (August 14, 1734 - June 1, 1832) was a hero of the American Revolution and went on to become a longtime member of the Congress of the United States. ...
The United States Geological Surveys Geographic Names Information System gives about 80 returns for streams with this name; the number gets up toward 200 when place names are part of the argument. ...
1781 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
Daniel Morgan (July 6, 1736 â July 6, 1802) was an American pioneer, soldier, and United States Representative from Virginia. ...
Combatants United States Great Britain Commanders Daniel Morgan Banastre Tarleton Strength c. ...
A Continental light dragoon from the American Revolution. Having been successful in a skirmish at Tarrants House, and having taken part in the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in March 1781, he marched with Cornwallis into Virginia. Tarleton undertook a series of small expeditions while in Virginia. Among them was a raid on Charlottesville, Virginia in an attempt to capture then-Governor Thomas Jefferson and the Virginia legislature. The raid was mostly foiled when Jack Jouett rode 40 miles through the night to warn Jefferson and the legislature of Tarleton's approach. All but seven of the legislators escaped. After other missions, Cornwallis instructed Tarleton to hold Gloucester Point, Virginia. This post, however, was surrendered to the Americans with Yorktown, Virginia in October 1781, and Tarleton returned to England on parole. Illustration of dragoon From http://www. ...
Illustration of dragoon From http://www. ...
The Battle of Guilford Courthouse was a battle fought on March 15, 1781 inside the present-day booming metropolis of Greensboro, North Carolina, during the American Revolutionary War in which 1,900 British troops under General Charles Cornwallis fought an American force under Rhode Island native General Nathanael Greene numbering...
Charlottesville is an independent city located within the confines of Albemarle County in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States, and named after Princess Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the wife of King George III of England. ...
Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.â4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801â09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ...
John Jack Jouett, Jr. ...
Gloucester Point is a census-designated place located in Gloucester County, Virginia. ...
York Hall is a government building on Yorktowns historic Main Street. ...
It has been suggested that Medical parole be merged into this article or section. ...
It is noteworthy that after the surrender at Yorktown, all of the British commissioned officers were invited to dine with their American counterparts, except for one — Banastre Tarleton.[citation needed]
Politics In 1784, Tarleton stood for election as M.P. for Liverpool, but was narrowly defeated. In 1790 he succeeded Richard Pennant as MP for Liverpool in the Parliament of Great Britain and, with the exception of a single year, remained in the House of Commons until 1812. He was a supporter of Charles James Fox despite their opposing views on the British role in the American War of Independence. Tarleton spoke on military matters and a variety of other subjects, but especially the slave trade, with which the port of Liverpool was particularly associated. In reality, Tarleton was working to preserve the slavery business of his brothers Clayton and Thomas, and he became well-known for his taunting and mockery of the abolitionists. He generally voted with the Parliamentary opposition, with exception to when the Fox-North Coalition came to power, he gave his support to the government nominally headed by William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland. He was rewarded with the title of Governor of Berwick and Holy Island. 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ...
Liverpool was a Borough constituency in the county of Lancashire of the House of Commons for the Parliament of England to 1706 then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. ...
Year 1790 (MDCCXC) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Richard Pennant, 1st Baron Penrhyn (1737 â 21 January 1808) was a slave owner, anti-abolitionist Member of Parliament (MP) and Irish peer. ...
The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative institution in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories (it alone has parliamentary sovereignty). ...
Type Lower House Speaker Michael Martin, (Non-affiliated) since October 23, 2000 Leader Harriet Harman, (Labour) since June 28, 2007 Shadow Leader Theresa May, (Conservative) since May 5, 2005 Members 659 Political groups Labour Party Conservative Party Liberal Democrats Scottish National Party Plaid Cymru Democratic Unionist Party Sinn Féin...
For the overture by Tchaikovsky, see 1812 Overture; For the wars, see War of 1812 (USA - United Kingdom) or Patriotic War of 1812 (France - Russia) For the Siberia Airlines plane crashed over the Black Sea on October 4, 2001, see Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 1812 was a leap year starting...
Statue of Charles James Fox in Bloomsbury Square, erected 1816. ...
The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a war fought primarily between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen of her North American colonies. ...
This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
For other uses, see Liverpool (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the abolition of slavery. ...
Look up Opposition in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, Prime Minister of Great Britain 1783 & 1807-1809. ...
William Henry Cavendish Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, (April 14, 1738 â October 30, 1809) was a British Whig and Tory statesman, Chancellor of Oxford University and Prime Minister. ...
For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ...
Map sources for Berwick-upon-Tweed at grid reference NT9952 Berwick-upon-Tweed from across the river Berwick-upon-Tweed, (pronounced Berrick) situated in the county of Northumberland, is the northernmost town in England, situated on the east coast on the mouth of the river Tweed. ...
Map of the UK showing the location of Lindisfarne at 55. ...
In 1794, he was promoted to Major-General, in 1801 to Lieutenant-General, and in 1812 to General. He held a military command in Ireland and another in England. In 1815, he was made a Baronet and in 1820 a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB). 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Major General or Major-General is a military rank used in many countries. ...
The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ...
Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. ...
This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
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April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ...
For the brush-footed butterfly species, see Euthalia nais. ...
1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions; in decreasing order of seniority, these are Knight Grand Cross or Dame Grand Cross (GBE) Knight Commander...
Badge of a Companion of the Order of the Bath (Military Division) Ribbon of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath)[1] is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on May 18, 1725. ...
GCB may stand for: In philosophy, the greatest conceivable being, used in discussion of ontology. ...
Legacy For 15 years, he had a relationship with the actress Mary Robinson (Perdita), whom he seduced on a bet. Tarleton and Robinson had no children, although in 1783 Robinson had a miscarriage. He married Susan Bertie, the illegitimate daughter of the 4th Duke of Ancaster in 1798. They had no children. His portrait was painted by both Joshua Reynolds and Thomas Gainsborough. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 381 Ã 599 pixelsFull resolutionâ (463 Ã 728 pixels, file size: 72 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Faithful reproductions of two-dimensional original works cannot attract copyright in the U.S. according to the rule in Bridgeman Art Library v. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 381 Ã 599 pixelsFull resolutionâ (463 Ã 728 pixels, file size: 72 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Faithful reproductions of two-dimensional original works cannot attract copyright in the U.S. according to the rule in Bridgeman Art Library v. ...
Thomas Gainsborough (christened 14 May 1727 â 2 August 1788) was one of the most famous portrait and landscape painters of 18th century Britain. ...
Mary Robinson, nee Darby (1756 or 1758 - 26 December 1800) the English poet, was also known for her role as Perdita (heroine of Shakespeares A Winters Tale) in 1779. ...
1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Robert Bertie, 4th Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven PC (17 October 1756, Grimsthorpe - 8 July 1779, Grimsthorpe) was a British Hereditary Peer. ...
Year 1798 (MDCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Sir Joshua Reynolds in a self-portrait Colonel Acland and Lord Sydney, The Archers, 1769. ...
Thomas Gainsborough (christened 14 May 1727 â 2 August 1788) was one of the most famous portrait and landscape painters of 18th century Britain. ...
Sir Banastre wrote a History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America (London, 1781), which favourably portrays his actions in the Carolinas; it also questions decisions made by Cornwallis. It was criticised by Colonel Roderick Mackenzie in his Strictures on Lieutenant-Colonel Tarleton's History (1781) and in the Cornwallis Correspondence.
2006 Captured American battle flags sold at auction In November 2005, it was announced that four rare battle flags or regimental colours seized in 1779 and 1780 from American rebels by Tarleton, and still held in Britain, would be auctioned by Sotheby's in New York City in 2006 (see Sotheby's Press Release). Two of these colours were the Guidon of the 2nd Continental Light Dragoons, captured in 1779; and a "beaver" standard - possibly a Gostelowe List Standard # 7 dating from 1778.[2]. The "Beaver" Standard and two other flags (possibly division colours) were apparently captured at the Waxhaw Massacre. The flags were sold at auction on Flag Day in the United States (June 14, 2006). Regimental colours, refer to the flag bearing the symbol of the regiment. ...
1779 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
Sothebys (NYSE: BID) is the worlds second oldest international auction house in continuous operation. ...
New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...
Sothebys (NYSE: BID) is the worlds second oldest international auction house in continuous operation. ...
A guidon is a military standard that company-sized elements carry to signify their unit designation and corps affiliation. ...
US Revolutionary War units Continental Army & state militia List of Continental units | List of state units Units by state Connecticut | Delaware | Georgia | Maryland | Massachusetts | New Hampshire | New Jersey | New York | North Carolina | Pennsylvania | Rhode Island | South Carolina | Vermont | Virginia Non-state units 1st Canadian Regiment | 2nd Canadian Regiment | Armands...
Symbol of the Polish 1st Legions Infantry Division in NATO code A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to twenty thousand soldiers. ...
Combatants Britain 17th Lancers{then called Dragoons} British Legion (1778) United States 3rd Virginia Detachment composed of 2nd and 7th Virginia Regiments Commanders Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton Colonel Abraham Buford Strength 270 400 Casualties 5 killed 12 wounded {11 horses killed 19 horses wounded} 113 killed 150 wounded and paroled...
Flag of the United States In the United States, Flag Day (more formally, National Flag Day) is celebrated on June 14. ...
In fiction The Hollywood movie The Patriot (2000) portrayed a character (Colonel William Tavington played by Jason Isaacs) based on Tarleton as a cruel, sadistic commander who massacred prisoners of war and innocent civilians. [1] "Tavington" is shown burning an American church with the villagers locked inside, an atrocity based on an infamous Nazi war crime from World War II. [2][3] This controversial portrayal prompted Edwin Clein, the mayor of Liverpool, to demand an apology from the filmmakers for what he regarded as a misrepresentation and vilification of a Liverpudlian hero. [4] The Patriot is a 2000 film starring Mel Gibson and directed by Roland Emmerich. ...
Jason Isaacs (born 6 June 1963) is a British actor. ...
Geneva Convention definition A prisoner of war (POW) is a soldier, sailor, airman, or marine who is imprisoned by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. ...
For the architectural structure, see Church (building). ...
Nazism in history Nazi ideology Nazism and race Outside Germany Related subjects Lists Politics Portal Nazism or National Socialism (German: Nationalsozialismus), refers primarily to the ideology and practices of the Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers Party, German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) under Adolf Hitler. ...
In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ...
Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
Tarleton is also portrayed in the 2006 film Amazing Grace (played by Ciarán Hinds) as the main opponent in the British Parliament to the abolitionists, led by William Wilberforce. Amazing Grace is a 2006 film directed by Michael Apted about the campaign against the slave trade in 18th century Britain, led by famous abolitionist William Wilberforce, who was responsible for steering anti-slave trade legislation through the British parliament. ...
Hinds in HBOs TV Series Rome Ciarán Hinds (born February 9, 1953) is a well-respected Belfast-born actor whose work spans theatre, radio, television, and film. ...
The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative institution in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories (it alone has parliamentary sovereignty). ...
This article is about the abolition of slavery. ...
William Wilberforce (24 August 1759â29 July 1833) was a British politician and philanthropist. ...
Tarleton is additionally mentioned in the Bernard Cornwell novel Sharpe's Eagle, and is represented as being "related" to Sir Henry Simmerson, colonel of the South Essex Regiment. Bernard Cornwell OBE (born February 23, 1944) is a prolific and popular English historical novelist. ...
Sharpes Eagle is the name of two Bernard Cornwell-based works. ...
Colonel Sir Henry Simmerson is a fictional British Officer in the Sharpe novels and TV series by Bernard Cornwell. ...
The South Essex Regiment, later the Prince of Wales Own Volunteers, is a fictional infantry regiment in the British Army that was created by Bernard Cornwell in the Sharpe series of books. ...
Notes Sources - This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
- A Sketch of the Life of Brig. General Francis Marion by William Dobein James, A.M. (Member of Marion's Militia)
- Redcoats and Rebels by Christopher Hibbert
- Cassell's Biographical Dictionary of the American War of Independence, 1763-1783 by Mark Mayo Boatner (Cassell, London, 1966. ISBN 0 304 29296 6)
Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910â1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ...
The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...
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