Bangalore, is situated in the southeast of the South Indian state of Karnataka. It is positioned at 12.97 ° N 77.56° E and covers an area of 2,190 km² (1,360 mi²) A landlocked city, Bangalore is located in the heart of the Mysore Plateau (a region of the larger Deccan Plateau) at an average elevation of 920 m (3,000 feet). Bangalore district borders with Kolar in the northeast, Tumkur in the northwest, Mandya in the southeast and Mysore and Tamil Nadu in the south. Bangalore (Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) (pronounced // in Kannada and // in English) is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. ... A map of Southern India, its rivers, regions and water bodies. ... Karnataka or Karnātakā (ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ in Kannada) is one of the four southern states of India. ... A kilometre (American spelling: kilometer) (symbol: km) is a unit of length equal to 1000 metres (from the Greek words khilia = thousand and metro = count/measure). ... See mile - unit of measurement (distance) Miles Aircraft Ltd - UK manufacturer of light and military aircraft Miles Tails Prower - a fictional fox Miles Davis was an American jazz composer and trumpeter and was one of the most influential and innovative musicians of the 20th century. ... A landlocked country is one that has no coastline. ... Introduction The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... metre or meter, see meter (disambiguation) The metre is the basic unit of length in the International System of Units. ... This article is about a foot as a unit of length. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Mandya is a city and district in Karnataka state of India. ... Mysore is the second largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ...

Topology

The slopes of the Nandi Hills, located 60 km north of Bangalore.

Bangalore has two unique topological terrains — North Bangalore taluk and the South Bangalore taluk. The North Bangalore taluk is a relatively more level plateau and lies between an average of 839 to 962 meters above sea level. The middle of the taluk has a prominent ridge running NNE-SSW. The highest point in the city, Doddabettahalli, (962m) is on this ridge. There are gentle slopes and valleys on either side of this ridge. The low-lying area is marked by a series of water tanks varying in size from a small pond to those of considerable extent, but all fairly shallow. View of Nandi hills from Nandi town at the base. ... A kilometre (American spelling: kilometer) (symbol: km) is a unit of length equal to 1000 metres (from the Greek words khilia = thousand and metro = count/measure). ... Topology (Greek topos, place and logos, study) is a branch of mathematics concerned with spatial properties preserved under bicontinuous deformation (stretching without tearing or gluing); these are the topological invariants. ... A Tehsil is an administrative subdivision or tier of local government in some South Asian countries. ... The term above mean sea level (AMSL) refers to the elevation (on the ground) or altitude (in the air) of any object, relative to the average sea level. ... ESE also stands for Extensible Storage Engine. ... ESE also stands for Extensible Storage Engine. ... Fljótsdalur in East-Iceland A valley is a landform, which can range from a few square miles (square kilometers) to hundreds or even thousands of square miles (square kilometers) in area. ... A water tank is used to store water. ...

The South Bangalore taluk has an uneven landscape with intermingling hills and valleys. The southern and western portions of the city consist of a topology of granite and gneissic masses. The eastern portion is a plane, with rare minor undulations. A hill in Hungary with a hillside vintage garden For the landform that extends less than 600 metres above the surrounding terrain and that is smaller than a mountain, see the mountain article. ... Fljótsdalur in East-Iceland A valley is a landform, which can range from a few square miles (square kilometers) to hundreds or even thousands of square miles (square kilometers) in area. ... Quarrying granite for the Mormon Temple, Utah Territory. ... Banded gneiss with dike of granite orthogneiss Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high grade regional metamorphic processes from preexisting formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks. ...

There are no major rivers flowing through the city. However, rivers Akravathi and Kaveri merge within the proximity of Nandi Hills, which lie 60 km north of Bangalore. River Vrishabhavati, a tributary of Akravathi, flows for a small strech in the Bangalore North taluk and carries a bulk of the city's sewerage. The city has a handful of freshwater lakes and water tanks such as Madivala tank, Hebbal tank, Ulsoor lake and Sankey tank. Groundwater occurs in silty to sandy layers of alluvial sediments and jointed quartzite. The Cauvery River (also spelled Kaveri or Kavery) is one of the great rivers of India and is considered sacred by the Hindus. ... View of Nandi hills from Nandi town at the base. ... A kilometre (American spelling: kilometer) (symbol: km) is a unit of length equal to 1000 metres (from the Greek words khilia = thousand and metro = count/measure). ... A tributary (or affluent or confluent) is a contributory stream, a river that does not reach the sea, but joins another major river (a parent river), to which it contributes its waters, swelling its discharge. ... The word sewerage means the provision of pipes etc to collect and dispose of sewage. ... For the village on the Isle of Wight, see Freshwater, Isle of Wight. ... A Lake is a body of water surrounded by land. ... A water tank is used to store water. ... Hebbal is an area of Bangalore, India which in many ways indicates the northern most point of the city. ... Great Sankey is a Civil Parish and suburb in the west of Warrington Borough, in north-west England. ... Silt refers to soil or rock particles of a certain very small size range (see grain size). ... Patterns in the sand Sand is an example of a class of materials called granular matter. ... Alluvium is soil land deposited by a river or other running water. ... Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid. ... Quartzite Quartzite is a hard, metamorphic rock which was originally sandstone. ...

The rock types prevalent in the discrict belong to the Saugar, Charnokite and Peninsular Gneissic Complex (PGC) groups. The PGC is the dominant group of rocks and covers two-thirds of the area and includes granites, gneissis and migmatites. The soils in Bangalore vary from red laterite to clayey soils. Quarrying granite for the Mormon Temple, Utah Territory. ... Migmatite is a rock in the frontier between igneous and metamorphic rocks. ... Laterite is a red-colored clay rich soil found in the tropics and subtropics. ... Quaternary clay in Estonia. ...

Climate

Rainfall and temperature

Due to its elevation, Bangalore enjoys a pleasant and equable climate throughout the year. The highest temperature recorded was 38.9°C (102.0°F) on May 22, 1935 and the lowest was 7.8°C (46.06°F) in 1884. Winter temperatures rarely drop below 12°C (54°F) and summer temperatures seldom exceed 38°C (100°)[1][2] Image File history File links Bangalore_raintemp. ... Image File history File links Bangalore_raintemp. ... The degree Celsius (also known as Centigrade)) (°C) is a unit of temperature named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who first proposed a similar system in 1742. ... Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), who proposed it in 1724. ... May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (143rd in leap years). ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1884 is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar). ...

Bangalore receives about 900 mm of rain annually, the wettest months being August, September, October and in that order. The summer heat is moderated by fairly frequent thunderstorms and occasional squalls cause power outages and local flooding. The heaviest rainfall recorded in a 24 hour period was 179.7 mm recorded on October 1, 1997. August is the eighth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... Look up September in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up October in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A roll cloud associated with a heavy or severe thunderstorm over Enschede, The Netherlands. ... A squall or squall line is an organized line of thunderstorms. ... Look up Flood in Wiktionary, the free dictionary A flood (in Old English flod, a word common to Teutonic languages; compare German Flut, Dutch vloed from the same root as is seen in flow, float) is an overflow of water, an expanse of water submerging land, a deluge. ... October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Most of the rainfall occurs during late afternoon/evening or night and rain before noon is infrequent. October of 2005 was recorded as one of the wettest months in Bangalore with heavy rains causing severe flooding in some areas, and closure of a number of organisations for over a couple of days.[3]

Seismicity

Because it lies in the seismically stable region, Zone II (encompassing parts of Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh), Bangalore has been untouched by major seismic events. Only mild tremours have been recorded in the city. Seismology (from the Greek seismos = earthquake and logos = word) is the scientific study of earthquakes and the movement of waves through the Earth. ... Maharashtra (Devanagari: महाराष्ट्र, literally: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... Kerala (IPA: ; Malayalam: കേരളം — Keralam) is a state on the southwestern tropical Malabar Coast of India. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Andhra Pradesh (ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ in Telugu) (Ä€ndhra Prādesh), is a state in south-eastern India and is part of the linguistic-cultural region of South India. ... Tremor is the rhythmic, oscillating shaking movement of the whole body or just a certain part of it, caused by problems of the neurons responsible from muscle action. ...

Land Use

According to data contained in the Bangalore Mahanagara Palike Master Plan, 40.4% of the land in the city is used for residential purposes. Transport uses 24.3% of the land, while land used for industrial, and commercial purposes comprise 6.9% and 2.7% respectively. As the city of Bangalore expands, the BMP expects the percentage of land used for industrial purposes to decrease, while it expects the percentages of land used for residential, commercial and public and semi-public purposes to increase. In ecology, the word ecosystem is an abbreviation of the term, ecological system. ... In many parts of the world traffic is generally organized, flowing in lanes of travel for a particular direction, with interchanges, traffic signals, or signage at intersections to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic. ... The well-being or quality of life of a population is an important concern in economics and political science. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು ಮಹಾನಗರ ಪಾಳಿಕೆ) (or BMP), is responsibile for the civic and infrastructural assets of the city of Bangalore, India. ... Commerce is the trading of something of value between two entities. ...

General Metropolitan Environment

A random sampling study of the Air Quality Index (AQI) of twenty stations within the city indicated scores that ranged from 76-314, suggesting heavy to severe air pollution around areas of traffic concentration. Major pollutants contributing to Bangalore's high AQI score include Nitrogen Oxide, Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and carbon monoxide. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Simple random sample. ... An air quality measurement station in Edinburgh, Scotland The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a standardized index of the air quality in a given location, given in parts per billion. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The term nitrogen oxide is imprecise and can be used to refer to any of these oxides (oxygen compounds) of nitrogen, or to a mixture of them: Nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen(II) oxide Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Dinitrogen oxide (N2O) (Nitrous oxide) Dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3) Dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) Dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5... http://visibleearth. ... Carbon monoxide, chemical formula CO, is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, flammable and highly toxic gas. ...

The Bangalore metropolitan area, referred to as the Garden City of India has an abundence of fauna and flora. The city has two nationally renounded bontanical gardens — Cubbon Park and Lal Bagh. A majority of the trees in the city are big to medium canopy trees with girths above 40 cms. Coconut trees form a large minority of the tree population in the city. Fauna is a collective term for animal life, as distinct from Flora (plant life) Fauna is an ancient Roman goddess. ... Flora may refer to: Flora (goddess), a goddess in Roman mythology Flora (plants), a collective term for plant life; as distinct from fauna (animals); or, a book or other work that describes the plant species occurring in a particular area or region. ... Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ... // Headline text Insert non-formatted text here--82. ... Lal Bagh Botanical Garden is a prestigious, educative and a beautiful garden in Bangalore, India. ... The canopy of a tree A canopy is an overhead roof or structure that provides shade or other shelter. ... Girth generally refers to the circumference of a cylindrical object, such as a penis. ... cm redirects here, alternate uses: cm (disambiguation) A centimetre (symbol cm; American spelling: centimeter) is an SI unit of length. ... Binomial name Cocos nucifera L. The Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera), is a member of the Family Arecaceae (palm family). ...

In 2003, the Battelle Environmental Evaluation System (BEES) index used to evaluate environmental components was used to rate Bangalore's physical, biological and socioeconomic parameters. The results are summarized in Table 1. 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Geography of India

The geography of India is extremely diverse, with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts, plains, hills and plateaus. ...

References