NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Banjo

The banjo is a stringed instrument developed by enslaved Africans in the United States^{[citation needed]}, adapted from several African instruments.^{[citation needed]} The name banjo commonly is thought to be derived from the Kimbundu term mbanza.^{[citation needed]} Some etymologists derive it from a dialectal pronunciation of "bandore", though recent research suggests that it may come from a Senegambian term for the bamboo stick used for the instrument's neck^{[citation needed]}. Banjo may refer to: Banjo is a stringed instrument common in folk and popular music. ... A string instrument (also stringed instrument) is a musical instrument that produces sound by means of vibrating strings. ... Slavery in the United States began soon after English colonists first settled Virginia and lasted until the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Kimbundu is one of the most spoken pre-colonial languages in central africa. ... The Bandora is the bass of the wire section in a Morley consort and as such can be regarded as a bass cittern. ... The name also refers to the geographic region around the two countries, covering the watershed of the Senegal River and Gambia River. ... For other uses, see Bamboo (disambiguation). ...

History

African Slaves in the American South and Appalachia fashioned the earliest banjos after instruments they had been familiar with in Africa, with some of the earliest instruments sometimes referred to now as "gourd banjos".^{[citation needed]} One example would be an akonting. It is a spike folk lute played by the Jola tribe of Senegambia. Another similar instrument is the xalam of Senegal which dates back to ancient Egypt.^{[citation needed]} The modern banjo was popularized by the American minstrel performer Joel Sweeney in the 1830s. Banjos were introduced in Britain in the 1840s by Sweeney's group, the American Virginia Minstrels, and became very popular in music halls.^[1] Historic Southern United States. ... Areas included within the Appalachian Regional Commissions charter. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Akonting (also spelled Ekonting, perhaps better in terms of how it is really pronounced) The Akonting (also known by a couple of other names depending on the locality) is a spike lute played by amateur/folk musicians of the Jola tribe, primarily rice farmers who live in rural areas of... The Jola (Diola, in French transliteration) are an ethnic group found in Senegal, Gambia, and Guinea-Bissau. ... The name also refers to the geographic region around the two countries, covering the watershed of the Senegal River and Gambia River. ... Xalam, also spelled khalam, is the Wolof name for a traditional stringed musical instrument from West Africa. ... The pyramids are the most recognizable symbols of the civilization of ancient Egypt. ... Joel Sweeney Joel Walker Sweeney, also known as Joe Sweeney, was a musician and early blackface minstrel performer. ... The Virginia Minstrels was a group of 19th Century American entertainers known for helping to invent the entertainment form known as the Minstrel show. ...

Modern forms

The modern banjo comes in a variety of forms, including four-(plectrum and tenor banjos) and five-string versions. A six-string version, tuned and played similar to a guitar, is gaining popularity. In almost all of its forms the banjo's playing is characterised by a fast strumming or arpeggiated right hand, although there are many different playing styles. For other uses, see Guitar (disambiguation). ... Various arpeggios as seen on a staff Notation of a chord in arpeggio In music, an arpeggio is a broken chord where the notes are played or sung in succession rather than simultaneously. ...

Usage

Today, the banjo commonly is associated with country and bluegrass music. Historically, however, the banjo occupied a central place in African American traditional music, as well as in the minstrel shows of the 19th century. In fact, African Americans exerted a strong, early influence on the development of both country and bluegrass through the introduction of banjo, and as well through the innovation of musical techniques in the playing of both the banjo and fiddle.^[2]^[3]^[4] Recently, the banjo has enjoyed inclusion in a wide variety of musical genres, including pop crossover music. Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. ... Bluegrass music is a form of American roots music. ... An African American man gives a piano lesson to a young African American woman, in 1899 or 1900, in Georgia, USA. Photograph from a collection of W.E.B. DuBois. ... Detail from cover of The Celebrated Negro Melodies, as Sung by the Virginia Minstrels, 1843 The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in blackface or, especially after the American Civil War, African Americans in blackface. ...

Five-string banjo

The instrument is available in many forms. The five-string banjo is credited to Joel Walker Sweeney, an American minstrel performer from Appomattox Court House, Virginia. Sweeney wanted an instrument similar to the banjar played by African Americans in the American South, but at the same time, he wanted to implement some new ideas. He worked with a New York drum maker to replace the banjar's skin-covered gourd with the modern open-backed drum-like pot, and added another string to give the instrument more range or a drone. This new banjo came to be tuned gCGBD; somewhat higher than the eAEG#B tuning of the banjar, and Sweeney was playing it by the 1830s. Joel Sweeney Joel Walker Sweeney, also known as Joe Sweeney, was a musician and early blackface minstrel performer. ... Detail from cover of The Celebrated Negro Melodies, as Sung by the Virginia Minstrels, 1843 The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in blackface or, especially after the American Civil War, African Americans in blackface. ... McLean house, April 1865. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

The banjo can be played in several styles and is used in various forms of music. American old-time music typically uses the five-string open back banjo. It is played in a number of different styles, the most common of which are called clawhammer (or "claw-hammer") and frailing, characterised by the use of a downward rather than upward motion when striking the strings with the fingers. Banjo picks are inserted onto the fingers for a smoother playing. Frailing techniques use the thumb to catch the fifth string for a drone after each strum or twice in each action ("double thumbing"), or to pick out additional melody notes in what is known as "drop-thumb." Pete Seeger popularised a folk style by combining clawhammer with "up picking", usually without the use of fingerpicks. For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ... West Virginia fiddler Edden Hammons, accompanied by his son James on the banjo Old-time music is a form of North American folk music, with roots in the folk musics of many countries, including England, Scotland, Ireland and Africa. ... An open back banjo is a banjo with no resonator (sound projectile accessory). ... Clawhammer and frailing describe a class of fingerpicking techniques used by banjo and, rarely, guitar players. ... In music, a drone is a harmonic or monophonic effect or accompaniment where a note or chord is continuously sounded throughout much or all of a piece, sustained or repeated, and most often establishing a tonality upon which the rest of the piece is built. ... Peter Seeger (born May 3, 1919), better known as Pete Seeger, is a folk singer, political activist, and a key figure in the mid-20th century American folk music revival. ... Folk song redirects here. ... A fingerpick is a type of plectrum used most commonly for playing bluegrass style banjo music. ...

Bluegrass music, which uses the five-string resonator banjo exclusively, is played in several common styles. These include Scruggs style, named after Earl Scruggs, melodic or Keith style, and three-finger style with single string work, also called Reno style after Don Reno, legendary father of Don Wayne Reno. In these styles the emphasis is on arpeggiated figures played in a continuous eighth-note rhythm. All of these styles are typically played with fingerpicks. Bluegrass music is a form of American roots music. ... Scruggs style is a fingerpicking method of playing the banjo, typically using picks on the thumb and first two fingers of the right hand, with the ring and little fingers braced solidly on the head of the instrument. ... Earl Scruggs performing at The Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival on June 12th, 2005 Earl Eugene Scruggs (born January 6, 1924) is a musician noted for creating a banjo style (now called Scruggs style) that is a defining characteristic of bluegrass music. ... The Keith style of playing the 5-string banjo emphasizes the melody of the song. ... The Reverend Don Wayne Reno is a banjo player who created his own playing technique. ... The Reverend Don Wayne Reno is a bluegrass musician and banjo player, and the son of Don Reno (also a banjo player). ... A fingerpick is a type of plectrum used most commonly for playing bluegrass style banjo music. ...

Many tunings are used for the five-string banjo. Probably the most common, particularly in bluegrass, is the open G tuning (gDGBd). In earlier times, the tuning gCGBd was commonly used instead. Other tunings common in old-time music include double C (gCGCd), sawmill or mountain minor (gDGCd) also called Modal or Mountain Modal, old-time A (aDADE) a step up from double C, often played with a violin accompaniment, and open D (f#DF#Ad). These tunings are often taken up a tone, either by tuning up or using a capo. For other uses, see Capo (disambiguation). ...

The fifth (drone) string is the same gauge as the first, but it is generally five frets shorter, three quarters the length of the rest (one notable exception is the long necked Pete Seeger model, where the fifth string is eight frets shorter). This presents special problems for using a capo to change the pitch of the instrument. For small changes (going up or down one or two semitones, for example) it is possible to simply retune the fifth string. Otherwise various devices, known as fifth string capos, are available to effectively shorten the string. Many banjo players favour the use of model railroad spikes or titanium spikes(usually installed at the seventh fret and sometimes at others), under which the string can be hooked to keep it pressed down on the fret. Peter Seeger (born May 3, 1919), better known as Pete Seeger, is a folk singer, political activist, and a key figure in the mid-20th century American folk music revival. ... For other uses, see Capo (disambiguation). ... Pitch is the perceived fundamental frequency of a sound. ... The neck of a guitar showing the first four frets. ...

While the five-string banjo has been used in classical music since the turn of the century, contemporary and modern works have been written for the instrument by Béla Fleck, Tim Lake, George Crumb, Jo Kondo, Paul Elwood, Hans Werner Henze (notably in his Sixth Symphony), Beck, J.P. Pickens, Peggy Honeywell and Sufjan Stevens. In the broadest sense, contemporary music is any music being written in the present day. ... BÃ©la Fleck (born July 10, 1958 in New York City, New York) is an American virtuoso banjo player. ... George Crumb (born October 24, 1929) is an American composer of modern and avant garde music. ... Jo Kondo (b. ... Paul Elwood, composer and banjo player. ... Hans Werner Henze (born July 1, 1926 in GÃ¼tersloh, Westphalia, Germany) is a composer well known for his left-wing political beliefs. ... This article is about the musician. ... Jean Paul (J.P.) Pickens (born May 6, 1937) , was a leading force in the early North Beach, San Francisco, music scene, circa 1963, along with David Meltzer and James Gurley, defining the psychedelic rock genre. ... Sufjan Stevens (IPA pronunciation: ) (born July 1, 1975) is an American singer-songwriter and musician from Petosky, Michigan. ...

Four-string banjo

The plectrum banjo has four strings, lacking the shorter fifth drone string, and around 22 frets; it is usually tuned CGBD. As the name suggests, it is usually played with a guitar-style pick (that is, a single one held between thumb and forefinger), unlike the five-string banjo, which is either played with a thumbpick and two fingerpicks, or with bare fingers. The plectrum banjo evolved out of the five-string banjo, to cater to styles of music involving strummed chords. Eddie Peabody was possibly the greatest exponent of the plectrum banjo style in the early to mid twentieth century. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 744 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1488 Ã— 1200 pixel, file size: 211 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 744 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1488 Ã— 1200 pixel, file size: 211 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (568x691, 55 KB) Other versions Originally from de. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (568x691, 55 KB) Other versions Originally from de. ... Various guitar picks A plectrum is a small flat tool used to pluck or strum a stringed instrument. ... A fingerpick is a type of plectrum used most commonly for playing bluegrass style banjo music. ... Eddie Peabody Eddie Peabody Edwin Ellsworth Peabody - also known as Eddie, little Eddie, King of the Banjo, and Happiness Boy (b. ...

A further development is the tenor banjo, which also has four strings and is also typically played with a plectrum. It has a shorter neck with around 19 frets and a scale length of 21 3/4" - 23" on shorter models, and 25 1/2" to 26 3/4" on longer ones. It is usually tuned CGDA, like a mandola, but has also been tuned GDAE like an octave mandolin which produces a more mellow tone. Tenor Banjos also come in short scale with 17 frets and are used by players who use fiddle fingering, in the GDAE tuning. These tunings became popular around the turn of the century due to the growing popularity of the mandolin. Another alternative, called "Chicago" tuning is DGBE (like the first four strings of a guitar) which is now regaining popularity due to the number of guitarists who double on banjo. The tenor banjo has become a standard instrument for Irish traditional music. mandola A mandola (US and Canada) or tenor mandola (Europe, Ireland, and UK) is a stringed musical instrument. ... The octave mandolin is an eight-stringed fretted string instrument tuned an octave below the neopolitan mandolin. ...

The tenor banjo was also a common rhythm instrument in early jazz and dance bands throughout the 1920s and 1930s. Its volume and timbre suited early jazz (and jazz-influenced popular music styles) and could both compete with other instruments (such as brass instruments and saxophones) and be heard clearly on acoustic recordings. However, as the guitar gained in popularity in the 1930s, the tenor banjo moved out of mainstream jazz and popular music finding a place in traditional jazz and Dixieland jazz. A brass instrument is a musical instrument whose tone is produced by vibration of the lips as a player blows into a tubular resonator. ... Saxophones of different sizes play in different registers. ...

Harry Reser was arguably the best tenor banjoist of the early twentieth century and wrote a large number of works for tenor banjo as well as instructional material. Harry Reser was an American banjo player and bandleader, b 1896 in Ohio, d 1965 External link http://www. ...

The tenor banjo is regaining popularity as Dixieland jazz finds its way back into experimental improvisational music. Its rise to popularity is being supported by the recent manufacturing of tenors at a working musicians price. Until the late 1990s, tenors were rare and expensive.

Four-string banjo playing (in addition to rhythm playing) can include single string playing, chord melody (in which a succession of chords are played where the highest note forms a melody), a tremolo style (both of chords and single strings) and a complicated technique called duo style which combines single string tremolo and rhythm chords.

Roy Smeck was an influential performer on many fretted instruments including banjo. He also wrote a number of solos and instructional books. Johnny Biar and Buddy Wachter are prominent four-string banjoists currently working professionally. Cover of a 1928 instructional book for ukulele by Roy Smeck, the Wizard of the Strings. ...

Banjo variants

A British innovation was the 6-string banjo, developed by William Temlett, one of England's earliest banjo makers, who opened his shop in London in 1846. American Alfred Davis Cammeyer (1862-1949), a young violinist-turned banjo concert player, devised the 5-string zither-banjo around 1880, which had a wood resonator and metal "wire" strings (the 1st and 2nd melody strings and 5th "thumb" string; the 3rd melody string was gut and the 4th was silk covered) as well as frets and guitar-style tuning machines. British opera diva Adelina Patti advised Cammeyer that the zither-banjo might be popular with English audiences, and Cammeyer went to London in 1888. After convincing the British that banjos could be used for more sophisticated music than was normally played by blackface minstrels, he was soon performing for London society, where he met Sir Arthur Sullivan, who recommended that Cammeyer progress from writing banjo arrangements of music to composing his own music. Banjo, from Nordisk familjebok. ... Banjo, from Nordisk familjebok. ... For other uses, see Opera (disambiguation). ... Patti as Marguerite in Faust, 1875. ... Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan (May 13, 1842 â€“ November 22, 1900) was an English composer best known for his operatic collaborations with librettist W. S. Gilbert. ...

(Interesting to note that, supposedly unbeknownst to Cammeyer, William Temlett had patented a 7-string closed back banjo in 1869, and was already marketing it as a "zither-banjo.")

The first 5-string electric solid-body banjo was developed by Charles (Buck) Wilburn Trent, Harold "Shot" Jackson, and David Jackson in 1960.

The six-string or guitar-banjo was the instrument of the early jazz great Johnny St. Cyr, as well as of jazzmen Django Reinhardt, Danny Barker, Papa Charlie Jackson and Clancy Hayes, as well as the blues and gospel singer The Reverend Gary Davis. Nowadays, it sometimes appears under such names as guitanjo, guitjo, ganjo, or banjitar. Johnny St. ... Jean-Baptiste Django Reinhardt (January 23, 1910 â€“ May 16, 1953) was a Belgian Sinto Gypsy jazz guitarist. ... Danny Barker (1909 - 1994) was a jazz guitarist and banjoist from New Orleans, Louisiana. ... Papa Charlie Jackson was an early male bluesman to record. ... Clarence Leonard Hayes was a jazz vocalist, banjoist and guitarist born in 1908 in Caney, Kansas. ... Reverend Gary Davis also Blind Gary Davis ( April 30, 1896 â€“ May 5, 1972) was an African American blues and gospel singer as well as a renowned guitarist. ... The guitjo or banjitar is a six-string banjo with the neck of a guitar. ...

A number of hybrid instruments exist, crossing the banjo with other stringed instruments. Most of these use the body of a banjo, often with a resonator, and the neck of the other instrument. Examples include the banjo mandolin; the Banjolin; Banjoline and the banjo ukulele or banjolele. These were especially popular in the early decades of the twentieth century, and were probably a result of a desire either to allow players of other instruments to jump on the banjo bandwagon at the height of its popularity, or to get the natural amplification benefits of the banjo resonator in an age before electric amplification. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... A banjolin is an instrument which is nothing but a special mandolin popularized in the 1920s. ... Banjoline by Gretsch Banjoline A special type of electric guitar developed by Eddie Peabody first with Fender Musical Instruments Co. ... The ukulele (from Hawaiian: , pronounced ), variantly spelled ukelele (particularly in the UK), or alternately abbreviated uke, is a chordophone classified as a plucked lute; it is a subset of the guitar family of instruments, generally with four strings or four courses of strings. ... The banjolele (brand name; sometimes banjo ukulele or banjo uke) is a four-stringed musical instrument with a banjo-type body and a neck with sixteen frets (shorter than a banjo, but longer than a ukulele). ...

Instruments using the five-string banjo neck on a wooden body (for example, that of a bouzouki or resonator guitar) have also been made, such as the banjola. A 20th-Century Turkish instrument very similar to the banjo is called Cümbüs. For bouzoukia, see nightclubs in Greece. ... A modern Gibson Dobro Dobro is a trade name now owned by Gibson Guitar Corporation and used for a particular design of resonator guitar. ... Standard CÃ¼mbÃ¼ÅŸ Info The cÃ¼mbÃ¼ÅŸ (pronounced joom-boosh) is a Turkish stringed instrument of relatively modern origin. ...

A different variation is the bassjo used most notably by Les Claypool on the song "Iowan Gal." It is, in essence, a banjo with a bass guitar neck and bass strings. Leslie Edward Les Claypool (born September 29, 1963 in Richmond, California, U.S.) is a singer, lyricist, bassist, multi-instrumentalist, and composer, best known for his work with the alternative rock band Primus. ... A sunburst-colored Fender Precision Bass The electric bass guitar (or electric bass[1][2]; pronounced , as in base) is a bass stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers (either by plucking, slapping, popping, or tapping) or using a pick. ...

Rhythm guitarist Dave Day of 1960's proto-punks The Monks replaced his guitar with a six-string, gut-strung banjo upon which he played guitar chords. This instrument sounds much more metallic, scratchy and wiry than a standard electric guitar, due to its amplification via a small microphone stuck inside the banjo's body. Dave Day is celebrated on June 14 to acknowledge the great works of societies famous Daves, such as: David Attenborough David Hayter David Jason David Duchovny David Dickinson David Arquette David Letterman David Beckham David Perry Categories: Celebrations ... The Monks are a rock and roll band, primarily active in Germany in the mid to late sixties. ...

Banjo makers

Deering Banjo Company is a small manufacturer of high-end banjos located in Spring Valley, California. ... Framus is a German guitar, bass, and banjo manufacturing company, that existed from 1946 until going bankrupt in 1975. ... The Gibson Guitar Corporation, of Nashville, Tennessee, USA, is a manufacturer of acoustic and electric guitars. ... The Vega Company was one of an illustrious group of musical instrument manufacturers trading in Boston, MA at the latter part of the 19th and early part of the 20th centuries. ...

References

Further reading

Banjo history

Instructional (5-String Banjo)

Mike Seeger Mike Seeger (b. ... The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center. ... Peter Seeger (born May 3, 1919), better known as Pete Seeger, is a folk singer, political activist, and a key figure in the mid-20th century American folk music revival. ... Peter Wernick, also known by many as “Dr. Banjo”, has been involved in the bluegrass music scene for over three decades. ...

Instructional (Tenor Banjo)

Instructional (Plectrum Banjo)

External links

Bluegrass music is a form of American roots music. ... Acoustic guitar can refer to the following musical instruments: Nylon and gut stringed guitars: Renaissance guitar Baroque guitar Romantic guitar Classical guitar, the modern version of the original guitar, with nylon strings Flamenco guitar Steel stringed guitars: Steel-string acoustic guitar, also known as western, folk or country guitar Twelve... A modern tricone resonator guitar, with electric pickup Ellis 8 string baritone tricone resonator guitar guitar played by James Michael Thompson A resonator guitar or resophonic guitar is an acoustic guitar whose sound is produced by one or more metal cones (resonators) instead of the wooden soundboard (guitar top/face). ... â€œFiddlerâ€ redirects here. ... This article is about the musical instrument. ... Side and front views of a modern double bass with a French bow. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 219 Ã— 598 pixelsFull resolution (704 Ã— 1922 pixel, file size: 220 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Bluegrass-banjo / 5-string Banjo own picture File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not... Blues music redirects here. ... Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. ... Folk song redirects here. ... Traditional bluegrass, as the name implies, emphasizes the traditional elements of bluegrass music, and stands in opposition to progressive bluegrass. ... Progressive bluegrass, also known as newgrass (a term attributed to New Grass Revival member Ebo Walker), is one of two major subgenres of bluegrass music. ... Bluegrass music is a form of American roots music. ... The term jam band is commonly used to describe psychedelic rock-influenced bands whose concerts largely consist of bands reinterpreting their songs as springboards into extended improvisational pieces of music. ... While bluegrass cannot really be considered essentially Czech music, there is a lot about the American genre and style that has been absorbed and transformed in the Czech context. ... High Sierra Music Festival is a multi-day music festival held in Quincy, California, a mountainous area about 80 miles north of Reno, Nevada. ... The Minnesota Bluegrass and Old-Time Music Festival is an annual music festival held in Minnesota, featuring old-time music and bluegrass music. ... The Telluride Bluegrass Festival is held annually in Telluride, Colorado. ... MerleFest is an annual Americana music festival held in Wilkesboro, North Carolina by Wilkes Community College at the end of April. ... The International Bluegrass Music Museum is the only museum of its kind in the world with interactive exhibits, tours that include live instrument demonstrations as well as their own festival June 22- June 25, 2006 called ROMP(River Of Music Party). ... It is proposed that this article be deleted, because of the following concern: Article doesnt appear to meet notability according to WP:NOTFILM and makes no assertions that it does. ... An African American man gives a piano lesson to a young African American woman, in 1899 or 1900, in Georgia, USA. Photograph from a collection of W.E.B. DuBois. ... Appalachian folk music is a distinctive genre of folk music originating in the Appalachia region of the United States of America. ... Blues music redirects here. ... Look up ragtime in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Cajun music, an emblematic music of Louisiana, is rooted in the ballads of the French-speaking Catholics of Canada. ... Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. ... Honky tonk was originally the name of a type of bar common throughout the southern United States, also Honkatonk or Honkey-tonk. ... Country music, once known as Country and Western music, is a popular musical form developed in the southern United States, with roots in traditional folk music, spirituals, and the blues. ... Bluegrass music is a form of American roots music. ... The American folk music revival was a phenomenon in the United States in the 1950s to mid-1960s. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... Dixieland music is a style of jazz which developed in New Orleans at the start of the 20th century, and was spread to Chicago and New York City by New Orleans bands in the 1910s. ... IDNIANS SUCK BALLS American Indian music is the musics that are shared by or that distinguish American Indian tribes and First Nations. ... Spiritual as a noun is used to denote songs created by American slaves, and the style in which they were sung. ... Gospel music is music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life, as well as (in terms of the varying music styles) to give a Christian alternative to mainstream secular music. ... Swamp pop musician Jivin Gene, circa 1959. ... Tejano music (Spanish-Texan music) is the name given to various forms of folk and popular music originating among the Hispanic populations of Central and Southern Texas. ... Western swing is, first and foremost, a fusion of country music, several styles of jazz, pop music and blues aimed at dancers. ... Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music, and emerged in the early-1950s. ... Early Creole musicians playing an accordion and a washboard in front of a store, near New Iberia, Louisiana (1938). ... Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. ... Alternative country Americana Cosmic American music Close harmony Country gospel Country pop/Cosmopolitan country Country soul New country Urban cowboy Country rock Bluegrass New traditional bluegrass Old-time bluegrass/Appalachian bluegrass Progressive bluegrass Honky-tonk Bakersfield Sound Instrumental country Nashville Sound Outlaw country Truckin songs Western swing Categories: Wikipedia cleanup... The Bakersfield sound was a genre of country music developed in the mid- to late 1950s in and around Bakersfield, California, at bars such as The Blackboard. ... Bluegrass music is a form of American roots music. ... Close harmony is an arrangement of the notes of chords within a narrow range, typically one octave. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Honky tonk was originally the name of a type of bar common throughout the southern United States, also Honkatonk or Honkey-tonk. ... Lubbock sound is a genre of American music that began with the popularity of Lubbock, Texas native Buddy Holly. ... The Nashville Sound (often known as Countrypolitan) arose during the late 1950s as a sub-genre of American country music, replacing the chart dominance of the Honky Tonk sound which was most popular in the 1940s and 1950s. ... Neotraditional country, also known as new traditional country, is a country music style that rejects most elements of modern Top 40 country music. ... Willie Nelson Outlaw country was a significant trend in country music during the late 1960s and the 1970s (and even into the 1980s in some cases), commonly referred to as The Outlaw Movement (both by fans and by people in the music industry) or simply Outlaw music [1]. The focus... Australian country music is a vibrant part of the music of Australia. ... Matt Hillyer of Texas-based Eleven Hundred Springs Alternative country is a term applied to various subgenres of country music. ... Country Pop is a subgenre of country music that first emerged in the 1970s, with roots in both the countrypolitan sound and in soft rock. ... For the geological term, see Country rock (geology). ... Psychobilly is a genre of rock music that mixes elements of punk rock, rockabilly, and other genres. ... Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music, and emerged in the early-1950s. ... Country-rap is the fusion of country music with hip hop music. ... // Texas Country Music (more popularly known just as Texas Country or Texas music) is a rapidly growing sub-genre of Country Music. ...

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