The Bank of Manchukuo was a nominally independent puppet state set up by the Empire of Japan in Manchuria (Northeastern China) which existed from 1931 to 1945. ...Manchukuo, that is, The Central Bank of the Manchu Nation was established at Hsinking on June 15, 1932 with a capital of 30,000,000 yuan. The new Bank opened its doors for business on July 1 as the amalgamation of the four then note-issuing banks — the Bank of the Three Eastern Provinces, the Bank of Kirin, the Bank of Heilungkiang and the warlord Chang Tso-Lin (WG) (Chinese: 張作霖, pinyin: Zhāng Zu (1873 – June 4, 1928), nicknamed the Old Marshall or Mukden Tiger, was a Chinese warlord in Manchuria in the early 20th century. ...Chang Tso_lin's Frontier Bank.

The principal functions of the Bank were to act as a repository for the funds of the Manchoukuo State Treasury, control the money market, unify the monetary system of Manchoukuo and stabilize its currency. However, the Bank also engaged in ordinary banking business such as granting agricultural, industrial and commercial credit. In addition, the Bank served as Japan's agent in Manchoukuo with the withdrawal of the Bank of Chosen from the region. With its head office in Hsinking, the Bank had nearly 140 branches throughout Manchoukuo, China and Japan.

Pursuant to the Currency Law of 1932 which authorized the creation of the Bank, Manchoukuo adopted a unit of currency, the yuan of Manchukuo, containing 23.91 grams of pure silver, the metal on which Chinese currencies traditionally were based. The Bank was required by its charter to hold as a reserve against its issued notes at least 30% of the value of such issue in gold and silver bullion, reliable foreign currencies and deposits with foreign banks in gold and silver accounts. The Bank's notes were not required to be redeemable in In chemistry, a molecule, ion, atom or free radical. ...specie. Due to worldwide fluctuations in the price of silver during the 1930s, Manchoukuo took the yuan off a silver standard in 1935 and subsequently pegged the yuan to, and later reached approximate exchange parity with, the A 1,000 yen note, featuring the portrait of Natsume Soseki. ...Japanese yen.

The Bank initially issued approximately 150 million yuan in notes in 1932. By 1936, their aggregate value exceeded 200 million yuan, rising to 300 million in 1937, 400 million in 1938 and 620 million by the end of 1939. Throughout this period about half the value of the issued notes was backed by specie reserves. The notes issued were in five denominations, one hundred, ten, five and one yuan and five chiao (one_half yuan). To keep up with inflationary pressures typically experienced by Japanese controlled areas towards the end of Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (60,000 ft) into the air. ...World War II, a 1,000 yuan note was issued in 1944. In 1948, after the end of World War II, approximately 12 billion yuan of Central Bank of Manchu notes were redeemed by the Tung Pei Bank.

• 100 yuan, 10 yuan, 5 yuan, 1 yuan and 50 fen notes

As with Chinese coinage of the time, Manchukuo's coinage was based on the decimal system, one_tenth of the yuan being called the "chiao," one_hundredth called a "fen" and one_thousandth, a "li." Under the Currency Law the Central Bank of Manchu was authorized to mint 1 chiao and 5 fen coins of a nickel-copper alloy and 1 fen and 5 li coins of a copper-tin-zinc alloy.

• 10 fen coin dated 1942, obverse and reverse
• 1 fen coin dated 1937, obverse and reverse

Dating system

The State of Manchukuo was established in March 1932 with Aisin-Gioro Puyi (February 7, 1906 - October 17, 1967) was the Xuantong Emperor (宣統皇帝) of China between 1908 and 1924 (ruling emperor between 1908 and 1912, and non-ruling emperor between 1912 and 1924), the tenth (and last) emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty to rule over China. ...Pu Yi assuming the title of Chief Executive of the new state using the reign title of Datong. Following the traditional Chinese dating system based on the year of the ruler's reign (which dates often appear on Chinese coinage), the year 1932 was the first year of Datong. Two years later, the Empire of Manchukuo was proclaimed, with Pu Yi ascending the throne as Emperor of Manchukuo under the reign title, Kangde. Accordingly, 1934 was designated the first year of Kangde, while 1942 was the ninth year of Kangde.