Sterling banknotes are the banknotes of the United Kingdom and British Islands, denominated in pounds sterling (GBP). A £20 Bank of England banknote. ... Under the Interpretation Act 1978 of the United Kingdom, the term British Islands refers to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, together with the Crown Dependencies: the Bailiwicks of Jersey and of Guernsey (which in turn includes the smaller islands of Alderney, Herm and Sark) in the... ISO 4217 Code GBP User(s) United Kingdom Inflation 2. ...

Issuing banks

Pound sterling banknotes are issued:

• In England and Wales by the Bank of England.

These are legal tender in England and Wales, and generally accepted throughout the UK.

• In Scotland by:
  • Bank of Scotland
  • The Royal Bank of Scotland
  • Clydesdale Bank

These are recognised currency in Scotland and are, in theory, generally acceptable throughout the UK. Until recently many people outside Scotland were unfamiliar with the notes and they were sometimes refused. However, such institutions as the Post Office will readily accept Scottish bank notes as will major stores. Branches of the Scottish note-issuing banks situated in England dispense Bank of England notes, and may not dispense their Scottish notes from those branches.^[1]

• In Northern Ireland by:
  • the Bank of Ireland
  • First Trust Bank
  • Northern Bank
  • Ulster Bank

These are rarely seen outside Northern Ireland. They are often not accepted in England and Wales without some explanation.

Sterling banknotes are also issued in local designs by the following British dependencies outside the UK: Headquarters London Governor Mervyn King Central Bank of United Kingdom Currency Pound Sterling ISO 4217 Code GBP Base borrowing rate 5. ... Legal tender or forced tender is payment that cannot be refused in settlement of a debt denominated in the same currency by virtue of law. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... This article is about the country. ... Motto: (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity(English) Wha daur meddle wi me? (Scots)[1] Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic, Scots[2] Government  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... Headquarters on The Mound, Edinburgh The Bank of Scotland is a commercial bank in Scotland (and to a lesser extent the rest of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland). ... The Royal Bank of Scotland (LSE: RBS)is one of Scotlands four national clearing banks and one of the oldest in the UK, founded in Edinburgh in 1727 by Royal Charter. ... Categories: Stub | Banks of the United Kingdom ... Anthem: UK: God Save the Queen Regional: (de facto) Londonderry Air Capital Belfast Largest city Belfast Official languages English (de facto), Irish, Ulster Scots 3, BSL, NISL, ISL Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Ian Paisley  - Deputy First Minister... The Bank of Ireland (ISEQ: BKIR_p) LSE: BKIR NYSE: IRE, officially known as the Governor and Company of the Bank of Ireland is a commercial bank operation on the island of Ireland, one of the Big Four. The bank was formed by an Act of the Irish Parliament in 1782... of Britains Best Business Bank from the Forum of Private Business, being ranked top for customer service and maintaining its lead over other major banks. ... Northern Bank, is a commercial bank in Northern Ireland. ... Ulster Bank (Irish: Banc Uladh) is a large commercial bank, one of the Big Four in Ireland. ...

• The Isle of Man
• Bailiwick of Jersey
• Bailiwick of Guernsey

The following currencies are distinct under ISO 4217 but are at par with Sterling. Motto: Quocunque Jeceris Stabit(Latin) Whithersoever you throw it, it will stand Anthem: Isle of Man National Anthem Capital Douglas Largest city Douglas. ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ...

• Gibraltar pound
• Saint Helena pound
• Falkland Islands pound

Bank of England notes are the only banknotes that are legal tender in England and Wales. Scottish, Northern Ireland, Jersey, Guernsey and Manx banknotes are not legal tender in England and Wales. However, they are not illegal under English law and creditors and traders may accept them if they so choose. ISO 4217 code: GIP Symbol: £ 1/100th unit: penny Introduced in: 1927 Exchange Rates May 2006 USD exchange: 0. ... Front and back of a St Helena £5 note. ... ISO 4217 code: FKP Symbol: £ 1/100th unit: penny Introduced in: 1921 Exchange Rates May 2006 USD exchange: 0. ... Legal tender or forced tender is payment that cannot be refused in settlement of a debt denominated in the same currency by virtue of law. ...

In Scotland and Northern Ireland no banknotes – not even ones issued in those nations – are legal tender, although Bank of England one pound notes were when they existed: Bank of England notes of under five pounds value are legal tender. Scottish and Northern Irish notes are 'promissory notes' (defined as legal currency), essentially cheques made out from the bank to 'the bearer', as the wording on each note says. The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ...

The UK Treasury has proposed extending legal tender status to Scottish banknotes. The proposal has been opposed by Scottish nationalists who claim it would reduce the independence of the Scottish banking sector.^[2]

Most of the notes issued by the note-issuing banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland have to be backed by Bank of England notes held by the issuing bank. The combined size of these banknote issues is well over a billion pounds. To make it possible for the note-issuing banks to hold equivalent values in Bank of England notes, the Bank of England issues special notes with a denomination of one million pounds for internal use by the other banks^[3].

Issuers

England and Wales

Bank of England notes

It has been suggested that the section Banknote issues from the article Bank of England be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)

A £10 Bank of England note.

An old £20 Bank of England note.

A £20 Bank of England note.

see also Bank of England article

In 1921 the Bank of England gained a legal monopoly on the issue of banknotes in England and Wales, a process that started with the Bank Charter Act of 1844 when the ability of other banks to issues notes was restricted. Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... Headquarters London Governor Mervyn King Central Bank of United Kingdom Currency Pound Sterling ISO 4217 Code GBP Base borrowing rate 5. ... Headquarters London Governor Mervyn King Central Bank of United Kingdom Currency Pound Sterling ISO 4217 Code GBP Base borrowing rate 5. ... Image File history File links Permission granted by Bank of England for display on Wikipedia for a period of 12 months, ending 29 July 2006. ... Image File history File links Permission granted by Bank of England for display on Wikipedia for a period of 12 months, ending 29 July 2006. ... Image File history File links Permission granted by Bank of England for display on Wikipedia for a period of 12 months, ending 29 July 2006. ... Image File history File links Permission granted by Bank of England for display on Wikipedia for a period of 12 months, ending 29 July 2006. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Headquarters London Governor Mervyn King Central Bank of United Kingdom Currency Pound Sterling ISO 4217 Code GBP Base borrowing rate 5. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... Headquarters London Governor Mervyn King Central Bank of United Kingdom Currency Pound Sterling ISO 4217 Code GBP Base borrowing rate 5. ... In economics, a monopoly (from the Latin word monopolium - Greek language monos, one + polein, to sell) is defined as a persistent market situation where there is only one provider of a product or service. ... The Bank Charter Act 1844 was a UK act of parliament, passed under the government of Robert Peel, which restricted the powers of British banks and gave exclusive note-issuing powers to the central Bank of England. ... Jan. ...

The bank issued its first banknotes in 1694, although until 1745 they were written for irregular amounts, rather than predefined multiples of a pound. It tended to be times of war, which put inflationary pressure on the British economy, that led to greater note issue. In 1759 during the Seven Years' War, when the lowest value note issued by the Bank was £20, a £10 note was issued for the first time. In 1793, during the war with revolutionary France, the Bank issued the first £5 note. Four years later, £1 and £2 notes appeared, although not on a permanent basis. Notes did not become entirely machine-printed and payable to the bearer until 1855. Events February 6 - The colony Quilombo dos Palmares is destroyed. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... 1759 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants Kingdom of Prussia Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland Electorate of Hanover Kingdom of Portugal Brunswick Hesse-Kassel Holy Roman/Austrian Empire Kingdom of France Russian Empire Kingdom of Sweden Kingdom of Spain Electorate of Saxony Kingdom of Naples and Sicily Kingdom of Sardinia The Seven Years War (1754... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

At the start of World War I, the government issued £1 and 10-shilling Treasury notes to supplant the sovereign and half-sovereign gold coins. The first coloured banknotes were issued in 1928, and were also the first notes to be printed on both sides. World War II saw a reversal in the trend of warfare creating more notes when, in order to combat forgery, higher denomination notes (at the time as high as £1,000) were removed from circulation. Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nikolay II Aleksey Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Robert Nivelle Herbert H. Asquith D. Lloyd George Sir Douglas Haig Sir John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna... Three Gold Sovereigns with a Krugerrand A Gold Sovereign is a British gold coin, first issued in 1489 for Henry VII, generally with a value of one pound sterling. ... 1915 half sovereign: reverse The half sovereign was first introduced in 1544 under Henry VIII. It was a gold coin valued at ten shillings. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Operation Bernhard was the name of a secret German plan devised during the Second World War to destabilise the British economy by flooding the country with forged Bank of England £5, £10, £20, and £50 notes. ...

As of 13 March 2007 the Bank of England banknotes in circulation, known as Series E, do not exceed £50. The notes are as follows: 2007 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• 5 pound note depicting Elizabeth Fry, showing a scene with her reading to prisoners in Newgate Prison.
• 10 pound note depicting Charles Darwin, a hummingbird and the HMS Beagle.
• 20 pound note depicting Sir Edward Elgar, with a view of the west face of Worcester Cathedral.
• 50 pound note depicting Sir John Houblon, with a view of his house in Threadneedle Street.

On March 13, 2007, the first note from the new Series F entered circulation. This is the new 20 pound note depicting Adam Smith, with an illustration of 'The division of labour in pin manufacturing', which will replace the Series E Elgar note. Elizabeth Fry Elizabeth Fry (née Gurney; May 21, 1780 – October 12, 1845) was an English prison reformer, social reformer and philanthropist. ... Old Newgate Prison, which was replaced in the 18th century. ... For other people of the same surname, and places and things named after Charles Darwin, see Darwin. ... Subfamilies Phaethornithinae Trochilinae For a list of species, see: Alphabetic species list Taxonomic species list Hummingbirds are small birds in the family Trochilidae. ... HMS Beagle was a Cherokee class 10-gun brig of the Royal Navy, named after the beagle, a breed of dog. ... Sir Edward Elgar Sir Edward Elgar, 1st Baronet, OM, GCVO (2 June 1857 â€“ 23 February 1934) was an English Romantic composer. ... A plan of Worcester Cathedral made in 1836. ... Sir John Houblon (1632 - 1711) was the Bank of Englands first Governor, and held the post during 1694–1697. ... March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... Adam Smith (baptised June 5, 1723 O.S. / June 16 N.S. – July 17, 1790) was a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneering political economist. ...

As of 2005, they are signed by the Chief Cashier, Andrew Bailey. 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

All the notes issued since Series C in 1960 also depict Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom in full view facing left and as a watermark, hidden, facing right; recent issues have the EURion constellation around. The custom of depicting historical figures on the reverse began with Series D in 1970. Previous banknotes have depicted Sir Isaac Newton, the Duke of Wellington, Florence Nightingale, William Shakespeare, Sir Christopher Wren, George Stephenson, Charles Dickens and Michael Faraday. 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... This Crown & CA (for Crown Agent) watermark was standard for postage stamps of the British colonies from the 1880s to the 1920s. ... The small circles or dots constituting the EURion constellation are clearly visible on the centre-left of 10 euro banknotes. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Sir Isaac Newton, (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) [ OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727][1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, and alchemist, regarded by many as the greatest figure in the history of science. ... Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (c. ... Florence Nightingale, OM, RRC (12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910), who came to be known as The Lady with the Lamp, was a pioneer of modern nursing, and a noted statistician. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Sir Christopher Wren, (20 October 1632–25 February 1723) was a 17th century English designer, astronomer, geometrician, and the greatest English architect of his time. ... George Stephenson George Stephenson For the British politician, see George Stevenson. ... Dickens redirects here. ... Michael Faraday, FRS (September 22, 1791 – August 25, 1867) was an English chemist and physicist (or natural philosopher, in the terminology of that time) who contributed significantly to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. ...

On 29 October 2006 the Governor of the Bank of England announced that, to herald the launch of the new Series F banknotes from Spring 2007, a new £20 was to be issued featuring the Scottish economist, Adam Smith. The note, which also includes enhanced security features entered circulation on 13 March 2007.^[4] Sir Isaac Newton, (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) [ OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727][1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, and alchemist, regarded by many as the greatest figure in the history of science. ... February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... March 11 is the 70th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (71st in leap years). ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (c. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ... November 29 is the 333rd (in leap years the 334th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Florence Nightingale, OM, RRC (12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910), who came to be known as The Lady with the Lamp, was a pioneer of modern nursing, and a noted statistician. ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... May 20 is the 140th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (141st in leap years). ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... Sir Christopher Wren, (20 October 1632–25 February 1723) was a 17th century English designer, astronomer, geometrician, and the greatest English architect of his time. ... March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in leap years). ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 20 is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years). ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... George Stephenson George Stephenson For the British politician, see George Stevenson. ... June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ... MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ... November 21 is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Dickens redirects here. ... April 29 is the 119th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (120th in leap years). ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... July 31 is the 212th day (213th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 153 days remaining. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Michael Faraday, FRS (September 22, 1791 – August 25, 1867) was an English chemist and physicist (or natural philosopher, in the terminology of that time) who contributed significantly to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. ... June 5 is the 156th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (157th in leap years), with 209 days remaining. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sir John Houblon (1632 - 1711) was the Bank of Englands first Governor, and held the post during 1694–1697. ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... Elizabeth Fry Elizabeth Fry (née Gurney; May 21, 1780 – October 12, 1845) was an English prison reformer, social reformer and philanthropist. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... For other people of the same surname, and places and things named after Charles Darwin, see Darwin. ... November 7 is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 54 days remaining. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sir Edward Elgar Sir Edward Elgar, 1st Baronet, OM, GCVO (2 June 1857 â€“ 23 February 1934) was an English Romantic composer. ... June 22 is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 192 days remaining. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Adam Smith (baptised June 5, 1723 O.S. / June 16 N.S. – July 17, 1790) was a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneering political economist. ... March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... October 29 is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Adam Smith (baptised June 5, 1723 O.S. / June 16 N.S. – July 17, 1790) was a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneering political economist. ... March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ...

The Bank of England Series D one pound note was discontinued in 1984, having been replaced by a pound coin the year before, and was officially withdrawn from circulation in 1988. Nonetheless, all banknotes, regardless of when they were withdrawn from circulation may be presented at the Bank of England where they will be exchanged for current banknotes. 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article discusses the British One Pound circulating coin issued since 1983, only. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Higher-value notes are used within the banks – particularly the £1 million and £100 million notes used to maintain parity with Scottish and Northern Irish notes. Banknotes issued by Scottish and Northern Irish banks have to be backed by Bank of England notes (other than a small amount representing the currency in circulation in 1845), and special million pound notes are used for this purpose. These resemble simple IOUs and bear no aesthetic design features.^[3]

Scotland

Scottish banknotes are unusual in that they are technically not legal tender anywhere in the UK – not even in Scotland – they are in fact promissory notes. Indeed, no banknotes (even Bank of England notes) are now legal tender in Scotland, there being no such item defined in Scots Law. Nevertheless, like debit cards and credit cards, they are used as money because they are commonly understood and agreed to be money. Legal tender or forced tender is payment that cannot be refused in settlement of a debt denominated in the same currency by virtue of law. ... A promissory note is a contract detailing the terms of a loan. ... Headquarters London Governor Mervyn King Central Bank of United Kingdom Currency Pound Sterling ISO 4217 Code GBP Base borrowing rate 5. ... Legal tender or forced tender is payment that cannot be refused in settlement of a debt denominated in the same currency by virtue of law. ... Scots law (or Scottish law) is the law of Scotland. ...

Bank of Scotland notes

A £50 Bank of Scotland note.

In circulation: Bank of Scotland £50 note illustration This work is copyrighted. ... Bank of Scotland £50 note illustration This work is copyrighted. ...

• 5 pound note featuring a vignette of oil and energy
• 10 pound note featuring a vignette of distilling and brewing
• 20 pound note featuring a vignette of education and research
• 50 pound note featuring a vignette of arts and culture
• 100 pound note featuring a vignette of leisure and tourism

All the notes also depict Sir Walter Scott who was instrumental in retaining the right of Scottish banks to issue their own notes in 1826. For other uses of the word Vignette, see Vignette. ... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Lubbock, Texas Ignacy Łukasiewicz - inventor of the refining of kerosene from crude oil. ... Laboratory distillation set-up using, without a fractionating column 1: Heat source 2: Still pot 3: Still head 4: Thermometer/Boiling point temperature 5: Condenser 6: Cooling water in 7: Cooling water out 8: Distillate/receiving flask 9: Vacuum/gas inlet 10: Still receiver 11: Heat control 12: Stirrer speed... A 16th century brewer A 21st century brewer This article concerns the production of alcoholic beverages. ... Research is often described as an active, diligent, and systematic process of inquiry aimed at discovering, interpreting, and revising facts. ... The Bath, a painting by Mary Cassatt (1844-1926). ... Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning to cultivate), generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ... People participating in summer luge as a form of recreation, in the Vosges. ... Tourists on Oʻahu, Hawaii Tourism is travel for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes, and also refers to the provision of services in support of this act. ... Portrait of Sir Walter Scott, by Sir Edwin Henry Landseer Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 – 21 September 1832) was a prolific Scottish historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe during his time. ...

Royal Bank of Scotland notes

A £100 Royal Bank of Scotland note.

In circulation are: Image File history File links Royal Bank of Scotland £100 illustration OR EITHER File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Royal Bank of Scotland £100 illustration OR EITHER File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

• 1 pound note featuring Edinburgh Castle
• 5 pound note featuring Culzean Castle
• 10 pound note featuring Glamis Castle
• 20 pound note featuring Brodick Castle
• 50 pound note featuring Inverness Castle
• 100 pound note featuring Balmoral Castle

All these notes also depict Lord Ilay (1682-1761), first governor of the bank. The castle from below (2003) Edinburgh Castle is an ancient fortress which from its position on Castle Rock, dominates views of the city of Edinburgh, and is Scotlands most famous landmark. ... Culzean Castle (pronounced cull-ANE) is a castle near Maybole on the Ayrshire coast of Scotland. ... Glamis Castle Glamis Castle is situated beside the village of Glamis — pronounced Glahmz (in IPA: ) — in Angus, Scotland. ... Brodick Castle is a castle situated outside the port of Brodick on the Isle of Arran, an island in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland. ... Inverness Castle Inverness Castle Inverness Castle Today Inverness Castle sits on a cliff overlooking the River Ness, in Inverness, Scotland. ... Balmoral Castle. ... Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll, 1st Earl of Ilay (June 1682–April 15, 1761) was a Scottish nobleman, politician, lawyer, and soldier. ... Events March 11 – Chelsea hospital for soldiers is founded in England May 6 - Louis XIV of France moves his court to Versailles. ... 1761 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ...

Occasionally the Royal Bank issues commemorative banknotes. Examples are the £20 note for the 100th birthday of Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother in 2000, and the £5 note honouring veteran golfer Jack Nicklaus in his last competitive Open competition at St Andrews in 2005 (an issue of two million notes). These notes are much sought-after by collectors and they rarely remain long in circulation. Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (Elizabeth Angela Marguerite; 4 August 1900 – 30 March 2002) was the Queen Consort of King George VI from 1936 until his death in 1952. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the golfer. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Clydesdale Bank notes

A £20 Clydesdale Bank note.

• 5 pound note featuring Robert Burns on the obverse and a vignette of a field mouse from Burns' poem To a Mouse on the reverse
• 10 pound note featuring Mary Slessor on the front and a vignette of a map of Calabar and African missionary scenes on the back
• 20 pound note featuring Robert the Bruce on the front and a vignette of the Bruce on horseback with the Monymusk Reliquary against a background of Stirling Castle on the back
• 50 pound note featuring Adam Smith on the front and a vignette of industry tools against a background of sailing ships on the back
• 100 pound note featuring Lord Kelvin on the front and a vignette of the University of Glasgow on the back

The Clydesdale also occasionally issue special-edition banknotes, such as a 10 pound note celebrating the bank's sponsorship of the Scotland team at the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Clydesdale Bank £20 illustration This work is copyrighted. ... Clydesdale Bank £20 illustration This work is copyrighted. ... Robert Burns, foremost Scottish poet Robert Burns (January 25, 1759 – July 21, 1796) was a poet and a lyricist. ... Field mouse may refer to: in North America, a small vole such as the Meadow Vole in Europe, Asia and north Africa, one of several species of mice in genus Apodemus in South America, one of several species of mice in genus Akodon This is a disambiguation page — a... HI TO ANYONE AND EVERYONE WHO IS READING THIS. HAPPY HALLOWEEN !!!!! To A Mouse is a Scots poem written by Robert Burns in 1785, and was included in the Kilmarnock Volume. ... Mary Slessor Mary Slessor (2 December 1848 - 13 January 1915) was a Scottish missionary to Nigeria. ... A map is a simplified depiction of a space which highlights relations between components (objects, regions) of that space. ... Location of Calabar in Nigeria Calabar is a city in south eastern Nigeria. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... A missionary is traditionally defined as a propagator of religion who works to convert those outside that community; someone who proselytizes. ... Robert I, King of Scots, usually known as Robert the Bruce (July 11, 1274 – June 7, 1329, reigned 1306 – 1329), was, according to a modern biographer (Geoffrey Barrow), a great hero who lived in a minor country. ... Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ... The Monymusk Reliquary is an eighth century Scotish reliquary made of wood and metal characterised by a Hiberno-Saxon fusion of Gaelic and Pictish design and Anglo-Saxon metalworking, probably by Ionan monks. ... Stirling Castle (southwest aspect) For ships named after the castle, see Stirling Castle (disambiguation) Stirling Castle is a castle in Stirling, one of the largest and most important, both historically and architecturally, in Scotland and indeed Western Europe. ... Adam Smith (baptised June 5, 1723 O.S. / June 16 N.S. – July 17, 1790) was a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneering political economist. ... This article is about a tool used as a piece of equipment. ... For the songs, see Sailing (song). ... Italian Full rigged ship Amerigo Vespucci in New York Harbor, 1976 A ship is a large watercraft capable of deep water navigation. ... William Thomson, Archbishop of York, has the same name as this man. ... The University of Glasgow was founded in 1451, in Glasgow, Scotland. ... The 2006 Commonwealth Games were held in Melbourne, Australia between March 15 and March 26. ...

Northern Ireland

Main article: Banknotes of Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland issues its own trading banknotes, which, like Scottish banknotes, are not legal tender, but are accepted as valid currency. ...

Bank of Ireland notes

All Bank of Ireland notes feature the Queen's University of Belfast on the obverse. The principal difference between the denominations is their colour and size. The Bank of Ireland (ISEQ: BKIR_p) LSE: BKIR NYSE: IRE, officially known as the Governor and Company of the Bank of Ireland is a commercial bank operation on the island of Ireland, one of the Big Four. The bank was formed by an Act of the Irish Parliament in 1782... The Queens University of Belfast (QUB) is a university in Belfast, Northern Ireland; the university is often called Queens University Belfast. ...

• 5 pound note, blue
• 10 pound note, pink
• 20 pound note, green
• 50 pound note, blue-green

For other uses, see Blue (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Mossy, green fountain in Wattens, Austria. ...

First Trust Bank notes

A £100 First Trust Bank note.

First Trust Bank is the successor to the Allied Irish Banks (AIB). It was formed by a merger of the Northern Irish parts of AIB and TSB. AIB was itself the successor to the Provincial Bank of Ireland following another merger. The banknotes issued by First Trust Bank continue the series started by the Provincial Bank of Ireland, also issued by AIB. N Ireland First Trust Bank £100 illo This work is copyrighted. ... N Ireland First Trust Bank £100 illo This work is copyrighted. ... of Britains Best Business Bank from the Forum of Private Business, being ranked top for customer service and maintaining its lead over other major banks. ... Allied Irish Banks plc (AIB),ISEQ: ALBK, LSE: ALBK, NYSE: AIB, FWB:AIB is a commercial bank based in Ireland not to be mistaken for Anglo Irish Bank. ... Trustee Savings Bank (TSB) may refer to: First Trust Bank, Northern Ireland Lloyds-TSB Bank, United Kingdom Permanent TSB, Republic of Ireland Historically the Trustee Savings Bank system was a (loosely) unified system in Britain and Ireland. ...

First Trust Bank's current notes depict generic people of Northern Ireland on the front, alternately male and female, but with a pair of older people on the £100 note. The obverse generally features designs associated with the Spanish Armada, or coastal features. The shield and spear of the Roman God Mars are often used to represent the male sex In heterogamous species, male is the sex of an organism, or of a part of an organism, which typically produces smaller, mobile gametes (spermatozoa) that are able to fertilise female gametes (ova). ... Look up Female in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For the navy of Spain, see Spanish Navy. ... Rugged coast of the West Coast of New Zealand The coast is defined as the part of the land adjoining or near the ocean. ...

• 10 pound note featuring the vessel Girona (galleass) on the obverse
• 20 pound note featuring the chimney at Lacada Point on the obverse
• 50 pound note featuring a commemorative medal on the obverse
• 100 pound note featuring the Armada on the obverse

A £5 note featuring Dunluce Castle on the obverse was issued by the Provincial Bank of Ireland and by AIB, but has not been issued by First Trust Bank. A French galley and Dutch men-of-war off a port by Abraham Willaerts, painted 17th century. ... A Medal is a word used for various types of compact objects: a wearable medal awarded by an authority government for services redered, especially to a country (such as Armed force service); strictly speaking this only refers to a medal of coin-like appearance, but informally the word also refers... lots of issues | leave me a message 11:01, 2 September 2005 (UTC) Like something out of a Tolkien fantasy, the ruins of Dunluce Castle have a desolate, awe-inspiring grandeur as they rise dramatically from a precipitous basaltic rock standing over a hundred-feet sheer above the wild and...

Northern Bank notes

A £20 Northern Bank note (this version was withdrawn in 2005).
A current £20 Northern Bank note.

• 5 pound polymer note featuring the U.S. space shuttle
• 10 pound note featuring J. B. Dunlop on the front and the portico of Belfast's city hall on the back
• 20 pound note featuring Harry Ferguson on the front and the portico of Belfast City Hall on the back
• 50 pound note featuring Sir S.C. Davidson on the front and the portico of Belfast City Hall on the back
• 100 pound note featuring Sir James Martin on the front and the portico of Belfast City Hall on the back

Following the theft of £22 million from its money handling centre in Belfast on 22 December 2004, allegedly by the Provisional IRA, Northern Bank announced on 7 January 2005 that all its notes were to be recalled and reissued in different colours and styles, and using the bank's new logo. The reissue began on 14 March 2005 and was scheduled to take one month; old notes remain exchangeable at branches of Northern Bank. See Northern Bank robbery. Northern Ireland Northern Bank £20 illo This work is copyrighted. ... Northern Ireland Northern Bank £20 illo This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links NorthernBankNI20. ... Image File history File links NorthernBankNI20. ... A polymer is a substance composed of molecules with large molecular mass consisting of repeating structural units, or monomers, connected by covalent chemical bonds. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... NASAs Space Shuttle, officially called Space Transportation System (STS), is the United States governments current manned launch vehicle. ... John Boyd Dunlop (February 5, 1840 – October 23, 1921) was a Scottish inventor who founded the rubber company that bears his name, Dunlop Tyres. ... Categories: Architectural elements | Stub ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 54. ... Small-town post office and town hall A city hall, or town hall is the headquarters of a citys (or towns) administration. ... Henry George (Harry) Ferguson (1884-1960) was born at Growell, near Dromore, County Down in Northern Ireland, and was the son of an Irish farmer. ... Several people have the name James Martin: James Martin, former Premier of New South Wales James Martin, computer systems design author. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 54. ... December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) is a paramilitary group which aimed, through the use of violence, to achieve three goals: (i) British withdrawal from Ireland, (ii) the political unification of Ireland through the merger of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland , and (iii) the creation of an all... Northern Bank, is a commercial bank in Northern Ireland. ... January 7 is the seventh day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Lebanese political coalition, see March 14 Alliance. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Notes such as this Northern Bank £20 note were stolen. ...

The principal colours of Northern Bank notes of greater than £5 face value were changed with the 2005 reissue, and are now (former colour in brackets):

• £10 green (brown)
• £20 blue (purple)
• £50 purple (green)
• £100 red (black)

The logo displayed on these new notes is now itself out of date. The current logo is taken from Northern's new parent company, Danske Bank. Danske Bank building at Kongens Nytorv in Copenhagen. ...

Ulster Bank notes

A £20 Ulster Bank note.

A commemorative Ulster Bank note. The other side is similar to the standard five pound note

Ulster Bank's current notes all share a rather plain design of a view of Belfast harbour flanked by landscape views; the design of the reverse is dominated by the bank's coats-of-arms. The principal difference between the denominations is their colour and size. More recent notes incorporate the NatWest chevron, as previously used by the Ulster Bank, rather than their new logo, which is based on that of the Royal Bank of Scotland Ulster Bank £20 illo This work is copyrighted. ... Ulster Bank £20 illo This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links GBfiver. ... Image File history File links GBfiver. ... Ulster Bank (Irish: Banc Uladh) is a large commercial bank, one of the Big Four in Ireland. ... A harbor (or harbour) or haven is a place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. ... A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ... The Classic NatWest logo National Westminster Bank Plc, trading as NatWest, is a commercial bank in the United Kingdom, part of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group. ... Chevron may refer to: Chevron, a V-shaped pattern seen in military or police insigna, heraldry, flag design, and architectural frets Chevron, a series of bones on the underside of the tail of reptiles Chevron Corporation, a petrochemical company Chevron Cars, an advertising campaign of the Chevron Corporation including stylized...

• 5 pound note, grey.
• 10 pound note, blue-green.
• 20 pound note, purple.
• 50 pound note, blue.

In November 2006 Ulster Bank issued its first commemorative banknote - an issue of one million £5 notes commemorating the first anniversary of the death of Northern Irish footballer, George Best. This was the first Ulster Bank banknote to incorporate their new logo, and the entire issue was taken by collectors within hours of becoming available in bank branches. Grey or gray (see spelling differences) is a color between white and black. ... For other uses, see Blue (disambiguation). ... Mossy, green fountain in Wattens, Austria. ... It has been suggested that Red-violet be merged into this article or section. ... For other uses, see Blue (disambiguation). ... For the 1987 album by The Wedding Present, see George Best (album). ...

Channel Islands

States of Jersey notes

The obverse of a Jersey £20 note.

The reverse of a Jersey £20 note.

Main article: Jersey pound

The Treasurer of the States of Jersey, Channel Islands, holds £1.10 in Bank of England notes for each £1 issued, making the Jersey Pound a very strong currency. The current notes depict Queen Elizabeth II on the front and various landmarks of Jersey or incidents in Jersey history on the reverse. The watermark is a Jersey cow States of Jersey £20 note - front File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... States of Jersey £20 note - front File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... States of Jersey £20 note - back This work is copyrighted. ... States of Jersey £20 note - back This work is copyrighted. ... ISO 4217 Code none User(s) Jersey Inflation 5. ... This article is about the British dependencies, for the islands off Southern California, please see Channel Islands of California. ... The island of Jersey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Duchy of Normandy that held sway in both France and England. ... A Jersey cow in the western United States. ...

• 1 pound note, green, St. Helier Parish Church (In 2004, a special edition £1 note is in general circulation alongside the St. Helier Parish Church note; this commemorative note marks the 800th anniversary of the division of the Duchy of Normandy in 1204 and the design consequently includes Mont Orgueil Castle and other historic symbols)
• 5 pound note, purple, La Corbière, lighthouse
• 10 pound note, red, The Death of Major Pierson, Battle of Jersey, 1781
• 20 pound note, blue, Saint Ouen's manor, Jersey
• 50 pound note, grey, Government House

Saint Helier (Jèrriais: St Hélyi) is one of the twelve parishes and the largest town on Jersey, the largest of the Channel Islands in the English Channel. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that Wedding anniversary be merged into this article or section. ... The Duchy of Normandy stems from the Viking invasions of France in the 8th century. ... // Events February - Byzantine emperor Alexius IV is overthrown in a revolution, and Alexius V is proclaimed emperor. ... Mont Orgueil (French: Mount Pride) has guarded Jerseys east coast since the 13th century Mont Orgueil is a castle in Jersey. ... Saint-Malo sculpture commemorating a maritime rescue in 1995 La Corbière (Jèrriais: La Corbiéthe) is the extreme south-western point of Jersey in St. ... A HDR image of a traditional lighthouse For other uses, see Lighthouse (disambiguation). ... Red may be any of a number of similar colors at the lowest frequencies of light discernible by the human eye. ... 1781 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Saint-Ouen is the name of several communes in France: Saint-Ouen, in the Charente-Maritime d partement Saint-Ouen, in the Loir-et-Cher d partement Saint-Ouen, in the Somme d partement Saint-Ouen, in the Seine-Saint-Denis d partement It is also part of the name... Government House is the name given to some of the residences of Governors-General, Governors and Lieutenant-Governors in the Commonwealth and the former British Empire. ...

States of Guernsey notes

Main article: Guernsey pound

The Guernsey Pound is legal tender only in Guernsey, but also circulates freely in Jersey. Elsewhere it can be exchanged in banks and bureaux de change. In addition to coins, the following banknotes are used: The Guernsey pound (currency code GGP) is the currency used in Guernsey. ... Legal tender or forced tender is payment that cannot be refused in settlement of a debt denominated in the same currency by virtue of law. ... The term Bureau de Change is a term used, mainly in Europe, to describe a bank or facility which changes one currency to another. ... A £20 Bank of England banknote. ...

• 1 pound note, green, Daniel De Lisle Brock, Bailiff of Guernsey (1762 - 1842) and Royal Court, St Peter Port (1840) on front and the Market, St Peter Port on back
• 5 pound note, pink, Queen Elizabeth II and the Town Church, St Peter Port on front, and Fort Grey and Hanois Lighthouse (1862) on the back
• 10 pound note, blue/orange, Queen Elizabeth II and Elizabeth College, St Peter Port on the front and Saumarez Park, Les Niaux Watermill, Le Trepid Dolmen on the back
• 20 pound note, pink, Queen Elizabeth II and St James Concert Hall, St Peter Port on the front and Vale Castle and St Sampson's Church on the back

The Bailiwick of Guernsey is a British crown dependency off the coast of France. ... 1762 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Royal court (as distinguished from a court of law) may refer to a number of institutions: A noble court - the household or entourage of a monarch or other ruler The Royal Court of Jersey - the main court of justice of Jersey The Royal Court of Guernsey - the main court of... This is a map of Guernsey. ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... Fort Grey is a Martello Tower on the west coast of Guernsey. ... Elizabeth College is a public school situated in the town of St Peter Port, Guernsey. ...

Isle of Man

Main article: Manx pound The pound is the currency of the Isle of Man. ...

The Manx pound is legal tender only on the Isle of Man. Legal tender or forced tender is payment that cannot be refused in settlement of a debt denominated in the same currency by virtue of law. ...

The monarch on banknotes

Queen Elizabeth II was not the first British monarch to have her face on UK banknotes. Georges II, III and IV appeared on early Royal Bank of Scotland notes and George V appeared on 10 shillings and 1 pound notes issued by the Treasury between 1914 and 1928. However, prior to the issue of its Series C banknotes in 1960, Bank of England banknotes generally did not depict the monarch. Today, notes issued by the other UK note issuing banks do not depict the monarch. Before decimalisation in 1971, a shilling had a value of 12d (old pence), and was equal to 1/20th of a pound: there were 240 (old) pence to the pound. ... The term treasury was first used in classical times to describe the votive buildings erected to house gifts to the gods, such as the Siphnian Treasury in Delphi or the many buildings put up in Olympia, Greece by competing city-states, to impress each other during the Ancient Olympic Games. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ...

The monarch is depicted on banknotes issued by the Crown dependencies. Crown dependencies are possessions of the British Crown, as opposed to overseas territories or colonies. ...

Some British overseas territories have their own currencies, and some of these issue banknotes bearing the monarch; for example the Falkland pound, the Gibraltar pound, and the Saint Helena pound. Location of the British Overseas Territories (British Antarctic Territory and Sovereign Base Areas of Cyprus not shown) A British Overseas Territory is one of fourteen[1] territories which are under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom, but not considered part of the United Kingdom itself. ... The Falkland Islands issue their own currency, the pound. ... ISO 4217 code: GIP Symbol: £ 1/100th unit: penny Introduced in: 1927 Exchange Rates May 2006 USD exchange: 0. ... Front and back of a St Helena £5 note. ...

See also

• Coins of the pound sterling
• UK topics
• Pound Scots

This article concerns British coinage, the coinage of the United Kingdom. ... This is a list of topics related to the United Kingdom. ... Pound Scots was the national unit of currency in the Kingdom of Scotland before the country entered into a political and currency union with England in 1707. ...

External links

• Bank of England banknote page
• Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers home page
• The Royal Bank of Scotland banknote page
• RBS Jack Nicklaus commemorative £5 note description {PDF file}
• Isle of Man banknotes (IOM Treasury)

References

1. ^ Royal bank of Scotland Group - 'The history of our banknotes'
2. ^ The Scotsman, 22 September 2005
3. ^ ^{a b} Other British Notes, Bank of England web site
4. ^ New Adam Smith £20 note launched. BBC. Retrieved on 2007-03-13.