NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Banteay Srei

Banteay Srei (or Banteay Srey) is one of the most unusual temples of Angkor, Cambodia. It lies 20 km due north of the main group, at 13.3556 N, 103.5746 W. It is built largely of red sandstone, which is covered with elaborate and deeply carved decoration. The buildings themselves are miniature in scale. These factors have made the temple extremely popular with tourists, and have led to its being widely praised as a "precious gem", or the "jewel of Khmer art".^[1] Banteay Srei. ... Angkor Wat The Architecture of Cambodia developed in a series of stages under the Khmer empire from 9th to the 15th century, preserved in many buildings of the Angkor temple. ... Shiva (English IPA: Sanskrit: à¤¶à¤¿à¤µ; Hindi: à¤¶à¤¿à¤µ; Malayalam à´¶à´¿à´µà´¨àµâ€; Tamil: à®šà®¿à®µà®©à¯ (when used to distinguish lordly status), also known as Siva and written Åšiva in the official IAST transliteration, pronounced as ) is a form of Ishvara or God in the later Vedic scriptures of Hinduism. ... Khmer can refer to, the: Khmer people, the ethnic group to which the great majority of Cambodians belong to Khmer language Khmer script Khmer Empire, which ruled much of Indochina from the 9th to the 13th centuries. ... Angkor was the site of a series of capital cities of the Khmer empire for much of the period from the 9th century to the 15th century CE. Their ruins (13Â°24N, 103Â°51E) are located amid forests and farmland to the north of the Great Lake (Tonle... Red sandstone interior of Lower Antelope Canyon, Arizona, worn smooth due to erosion by flash flooding over millions of years Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. ...

History

Consecrated in 967, Banteay Srei was the only major temple at Angkor not built for the king; instead it was constructed by one of king Rajendravarman's counsellors, Yajnyavahara. The temple was primarily dedicated to Shiva (the southern buildings and the central tower were devoted to him, but the northern ones to Vishnu). It lies near the hill of Phnom Dei 25 km (15 miles) northeast of the main group of temples, where the capital of the time (Yashodharapura) was located.^[2] The temple was subject to further expansion and rebuilding work in the eleventh century. At some point it came under the control of the king and had its original dedication changed; an inscription of the early twelfth century records the temple being given to the priest Divarakapandita and being rededicated to Shiva.^[3] It remained in use at least until the fourteenth century.^[4] Shiva (English IPA: Sanskrit: à¤¶à¤¿à¤µ; Hindi: à¤¶à¤¿à¤µ; Malayalam à´¶à´¿à´µà´¨àµâ€; Tamil: à®šà®¿à®µà®©à¯ (when used to distinguish lordly status), also known as Siva and written Åšiva in the official IAST transliteration, pronounced as ) is a form of Ishvara or God in the later Vedic scriptures of Hinduism. ... Vishnu (IAST , Devanagari , with honorific Shri Vishnu; , ), (also frequently referred to as Narayana) is the most popularly worshipped form of God in Hinduism [1]. Within the Vaishnava tradition he is viewed as the Ultimate Reality or Supreme God (similarly to Shiva within Shaivism). ...

The temple's original name was Tribhuvanamahesvara — great lord of the threefold world — named as usual after the central image (in this case a Shaivite linga). The town of Isvarapura was centred on the temple. The modern name, Banteay Srei — citadel of the women, or citadel of beauty — is generally taken to refer to the intricacy of the carving and the tiny dimensions of the architecture.^[5] Shiva (English IPA: Sanskrit: à¤¶à¤¿à¤µ; Hindi: à¤¶à¤¿à¤µ; Malayalam à´¶à´¿à´µà´¨àµâ€; Tamil: à®šà®¿à®µà®©à¯ (when used to distinguish lordly status), also known as Siva and written Åšiva in the official IAST transliteration, pronounced as ) is a form of Ishvara or God in the later Vedic scriptures of Hinduism. ... Linga worship (Estate of Cynthia and Harlen Welsh) Lingam or Linga is the Sanskrit word for mark. ... why hello hello Sculptor redirects here. ... The Parthenon on top of the Acropolis, Athens, Greece Architecture (from Latin, architectura and ultimately from Greek, Î±ÏÏ‡Î¹Ï„ÎµÎºÏ„Ï‰Î½, a master builder, from Î±ÏÏ‡Î¹- chief, leader and Ï„ÎµÎºÏ„Ï‰Î½, builder, carpenter) is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ...

The temple was rediscovered only in 1914, and was the subject of a celebrated case of art theft when André Malraux stole four devatas in 1923 (he was soon arrested and the figures returned). The incident stimulated interest in the site, which was cleared the following year, and in the 1930s Banteay Srei was restored in the first important use of anastylosis at Angkor. Until the discovery of the foundation stela in 1936, it had been assumed that the extreme decoration indicated a later date than was in fact the case.^[6] To prevent the site from water damage, the joint Cambodian-Swiss Banteay Srei Conservation Project installed a drainage system between 2000 and 2003.^[7] Measures were also taken to prevent damage to the temples walls being caused by nearby trees.^[8] Art theft is the stealing of someone elses high-profile art. ... AndrÃ© Malraux, French author, adventurer, and statesman AndrÃ© Malraux (November 3, 1901 - November 23, 1976) was a French author, adventurer and statesman preeminent in the world of French politics and culture during his lifetime. ... Angkor Wat The Architecture of Cambodia developed in a series of stages under the Khmer empire from 9th to the 15th century, preserved in many buildings of the Angkor temple. ... Celsus Library in Ephesos (Turkey), anastylosis carried out 1970-1978 Anastylosis (from the Ancient Greek: ; = again, and = to erect (a stela or building)) is an archaeological term referring to a reconstruction technique where a ruined monument is restored after careful study and mensuration using original architectural elements where possible. ... Stele is also a concept in plant biology. ...

Style

Banteay Srei's style is a mix of the archaic and the innovative. It is built largely of red sandstone, with brick and laterite used only for the enclosure walls and some structural elements. Although Banteay Srei's coloration is unique, sandstone of other shades was later to become the norm. Pediments are large in comparison to entrances, in a sweeping gabled shape. For the first time whole scenes appear on the pediments, while the lintels with central figures and kalas on looped garlands look backwards. The guardian dvarapalas and the colonettes are also old-fashioned.^[9] Decoration covering almost every available surface is deeply sculpted and figures rounded. The style is also seen in parts of Preah Vihear. Glaize wrote that, "Given the very particular charm of Banteay Srei — its remarkable state of preservation and the excellence of a near perfect ornamental technique — one should not hesitate, of all the monuments of the Angkor group, to give it the highest priority." However, he also noted that the miniature scale and elaborate decoration make the temple more of a model than a monument: "the work relates more closely to the art of the goldsmith or to carving in wood than to sculpture in stone".^[10] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2560x1920, 1476 KB) East pediment of the north library at Banteay Srei. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2560x1920, 1476 KB) East pediment of the north library at Banteay Srei. ... Red sandstone interior of Lower Antelope Canyon, Arizona, worn smooth due to erosion by flash flooding over millions of years Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. ... An old brick wall in English bond laid with alternating courses of headers and Brick is an artificial stone made by forming clay into rectangular blocks which are hardened, either by burning in a kiln or sometimes, in warm countries, by sun-drying. ... Cutting of laterite brickstones, Angadipuram, India Laterite is a surface formation in tropical areas which is enriched in iron and aluminium and develops by intensive and long lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. ... A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of a triangular section or gable found above the horizontal superstructure (entablature) which lies immediately upon the columns. ... Pre-fabricated, pre-tensioned concrete lintels spanning garage doors. ... Kala may refer to KALA (Kaiserslautern All Lifestyles Alliance) - Gay Straight Alliance at KAHS High School Kala (hindu) Kala (java) (god) Kala, Afghanistan (place) Kala, in a hindu context can also mean time or the God of Death. ... Garland is the name of two places in the United States: the city of Garland, Texas the town of Garland, North Carolina Garland is the surname of some notable individuals: John of Garland, medieval English grammarian, fl. ... Prasat Preah Vihear is situated near to the Thai border of Sisaket Province. ... A goldsmith creating a new ring A goldsmith is a metalworker who specializes in working with precious metals, usually to make jewelry. ... Carved wooden cranes Wood carving is a form of working wood by means of a cutting tool held in the hand (this may be a power tool), resulting in a wooden figure or figurine (this may be abstract in nature) or in the ornamentation of a wooden object. ... why hello hello Sculptor redirects here. ...

The site

Like most Khmer temples, Banteay Srei is orientated towards the east. The fourth eastern gopura is all that remains of Isvarapura's outer wall, approximately 500 m square, which may have been made of wood.^[11] The gopura's eastern pediment shows Indra, who was associated with that direction. A 67 m causeway with the remains of corridors on either side connects the gopura with the third enclosure. North and south of this causeway are galleries orientated north-south (one to the north and three to the south halfway along, with a further one on each side in front of the third gopura). The third enclosure is 95 by 110 m, with gopuras in the laterite wall to the east and west. Neither pediment of the eastern gopura is in situ: one is on the ground nearby, while the other is in Paris's Guimet Museum. Image File history File links Sreiplan01. ... Image File history File links Sreiplan01. ... Angkor Wat The Architecture of Cambodia developed in a series of stages under the Khmer empire from 9th to the 15th century, preserved in many buildings of the Angkor temple. ... A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of a triangular section or gable found above the horizontal superstructure (entablature) which lies immediately upon the columns. ... herro For other uses, see Indra (disambiguation). ... Angkor Wat The Architecture of Cambodia developed in a series of stages under the Khmer empire from 9th to the 15th century, preserved in many buildings of the Angkor temple. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France RÃ©gion ÃŽle-de-France DÃ©partement Paris (75) Subdivisions 20 arrondissements Mayor Bertrand DelanoÃ« (PS) (since 2001) City Statistics Land... Guimet in his museum. ...

Most of the area within the third enclosure is occupied by a moat divided into two parts by causeways to the east and west. The succeeding second enclosure has a laterite wall of 38 by 42 m. The brick inner enclosure wall, a 24 m square, has collapsed, leaving the first gopura isolated, while the laterite galleries which filled the second enclosure (one each to north and south, two each to east and west) have largely collapsed. The eastern pediment of the east gopura shows Shiva Nataraja. The central part of the west gopura was enclosed to form a sanctuary, with access being to either side. The moated manor house of Baddesley Clinton in Warwickshire, England Moats (also known as a Fosse) were deep and wide water-filled trenches, excavated to provide a barrier against attack upon castle ramparts or other fortifications. ... Cutting of laterite brickstones, Angadipuram, India Laterite is a surface formation in tropical areas which is enriched in iron and aluminium and develops by intensive and long lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. ... An old brick wall in English bond laid with alternating courses of headers and Brick is an artificial stone made by forming clay into rectangular blocks which are hardened, either by burning in a kiln or sometimes, in warm countries, by sun-drying. ... Bronze Chola Statue of Nataraja Nataraja (literally, The King of Dance) is the dancing posture of Lord Åšiva, the aspect of God as the Destroyer in Hinduism. ...

Between the gopuras are the buildings of the inner enclosure: a library in each of the southeast and northeast corners, and in the centre the sanctuary set on a T-shaped platform 0.9 m high. Besides being the most extravagantly decorated parts of the temple, these have also been the most successfully restored (helped by the durability of their sandstone and their small scale). As of 2005, the entire first enclosure was off-limits to visitors, as was the southern half of the second enclosure. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1920x2560, 2233 KB) Mandapa of Banteay Srei, Angkor. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1920x2560, 2233 KB) Mandapa of Banteay Srei, Angkor. ... Angkor Wat The Architecture of Cambodia developed in a series of stages under the Khmer empire from 9th to the 15th century, preserved in many buildings of the Angkor temple. ...

The libraries are of brick, laterite and sandstone. The south library's pediments both feature Shiva: to the east Ravana shakes Mount Kailash, with Shiva on the summit; the west pediment has the god of love, Kama, shooting an arrow at him. On the north library's east pediment, Indra creates rain to put out a forest fire started by Agni to kill a naga living in the woods; Krishna and his brother aid Agni by firing arrows to stop the rain. On the west pediment is Krishna killing his uncle Kamsa. Glaize wrote that the four library pediments, "representing the first appearance of tympanums with scenes, are works of the highest order. Superior in composition to any which followed, they show true craftsmanship in their modelling in a skilful blend of stylisation and realism."^[12] An old brick wall in English bond laid with alternating courses of headers and Brick is an artificial stone made by forming clay into rectangular blocks which are hardened, either by burning in a kiln or sometimes, in warm countries, by sun-drying. ... Cutting of laterite brickstones, Angadipuram, India Laterite is a surface formation in tropical areas which is enriched in iron and aluminium and develops by intensive and long lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. ... Red sandstone interior of Lower Antelope Canyon, Arizona, worn smooth due to erosion by flash flooding over millions of years Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. ... A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of a triangular section or gable found above the horizontal superstructure (entablature) which lies immediately upon the columns. ... Shiva (English IPA: Sanskrit: à¤¶à¤¿à¤µ; Hindi: à¤¶à¤¿à¤µ; Malayalam à´¶à´¿à´µà´¨àµâ€; Tamil: à®šà®¿à®µà®©à¯ (when used to distinguish lordly status), also known as Siva and written Åšiva in the official IAST transliteration, pronounced as ) is a form of Ishvara or God in the later Vedic scriptures of Hinduism. ... A dipiction of Ravana, Hindu rakshasa King of Lanka In Hindu mythology, Ravana (Devanagari: à¤°à¤¾à¤µà¤£, IAST ; sometimes transliterated Raavana and as Ravan) is the principal antagonist of the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. ... Mount Kailash (officially: KangrinboqÃª; Tibetan: Gang Rinpoche, à½‚à½„à½¦à¼‹à½¢à½²à½“à¼‹à½”à½¼à½…à½§à½ºà¼‹; Wylie: Gangs Rin-po-che; ZWPY: KangrinboqÃª; Simplified Chinese: å†ˆä»æ³¢é½å³°; Traditional Chinese: å²¡ä»æ³¢é½Šå³°; pinyin: GÄngrÃ©nbÅqÃ FÄ“ng; Hindi à¤•à¥ˆà¤²à¤¾à¤¶ à¤ªà¤°à¥à¤µà¤¤, KailÄÅ›Ä Parvata) is a peak in the GangdisÃª mountains, the source of some of the longest rivers in Asiaâ€”the Indus River, the Sutlej... Kama may refer to several things Kama, a Hindu god The term Kama also refers to one of the 4 goals of life according to Hindu traditions (Purusharthas) - these include Dharma, artha, kama, and moksha The Kama River, a tributary of the Volga river, in Russia Kama, sickle-like weapons... herro For other uses, see Indra (disambiguation). ... In Hinduism, Kamsa is the son of a demon and half-brother of Devaki. ... Tympanum may mean: The eardrum; or A sculpted panel that stands within the recessed area formed by a larger arch above the doors to a church or similar building, especially in Romanesque and Gothic architecture; or A single drum in the orchestral percussion section usually called timpani. ...

The sanctuary is entered from the east by a doorway only 1.08 m in height: inside is an entrance chamber (or mandapa) with a corbelled brick roof, then a short corridor leading to three towers to the west: the central tower is the tallest, at 9.8 m. Glaize notes the impression of delicacy given the towers by the antefixes on each of their tiers. The six stairways leading up to the platform were each guarded by two kneeling statues of human figures with animal heads; most of those now in place are replicas, the originals having been stolen or removed to museums. Angkor Wat The Architecture of Cambodia developed in a series of stages under the Khmer empire from 9th to the 15th century, preserved in many buildings of the Angkor temple. ... Ante-Fixae (from Lat. ...

Notes

References

July 14 is the 195th day (196th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 170 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Charles Higham is a British archaeologist most noted for his work in Southeast Asia. ...

External links

Categories: Angkorian site | Hindu temples in Cambodia Angkor was the site of a series of capital cities of the Khmer empire for much of the period from the 9th century to the 15th century CE. Their ruins (13Â°24N, 103Â°51E) are located amid forests and farmland to the north of the Great Lake (Tonle... Angkor was the site of a series of capital cities of the Khmer empire for much of the period from the 9th century to the 15th century CE. Their ruins (13Â°24N, 103Â°51E) are located amid forests and farmland to the north of the Great Lake (Tonle... Face-tower of the South Gate, showing Avalokiteshvara Bayon temple, Angkor Thom The Terrace of the Leper King, showing apsara Angkor Thom was the fortified inner royal city built by Jayavarman VII (1181 - 1220?), Buddhist king of the Khmer Empire, at the end of the 12th Century, after Angkor had... The main entrance to the temple proper, seen from the eastern end of the Naga causeway Angkor Wat (or Angkor Vat) is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia, built for king Suryavarman II in the early 12th century as his state temple and capital city. ... Baksei Chamkrong at Angkor, Cambodia, is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva, built in the middle of the 10th century, and completed during the reign of Rajendravarman II (941-968). ... Angkor viewed from space The Bayon temple at Angkor Angkor is the ancient capital of the Khmer empire (history) which thrived from the 9th century to 15th century CE. Its ruins are located in forests to the north of the Great Lake (Tonle Sap), near present day Siem Reap, Cambodia... Banteay SamrÃ© is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia located east of the East Baray. ... The layout of the temple as seen from above Pen and watercolor reconstruction of what the temple may have looked in the 11th century by Lucien Fournereau in 1889 The Baphuon is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia. ... Categories: Stub | Architecture of Cambodia | Tourism of Cambodia ... Angkor viewed from space The Bayon temple at Angkor Angkor is the ancient capital of the Khmer empire (history) which thrived from the 9th century to 15th century CE. Its ruins are located in forests to the north of the Great Lake (Tonle Sap), near present day Siem Reap, Cambodia... The East Baray is a baray at Angkor, Cambodia, orientated east-west and located just east of Angkor Thom. ... The East Mebon is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia, located in the centre of the East Baray. ... Kbal Spean (Head Bridge) is an Angkorian era site on the southwest slopes of the Kulen Hills, 25 km from the main Angkor group. ... The Khleangs are two buildings of unknown purpose on the east side of the Royal Square in Angkor Thom, Cambodia. ... Krol Ko at Angkor, Cambodia, is a Buddhist temple built at the end of the 12th century under the rule of Jayavarman VII. It is north of Neak Pean. ... Lolei is the northernmost temple of the Roluos group at Angkor, Cambodia. ... Neak Pean at Angkor, Cambodia is an artificial island with a Buddhist temple at the center of Jayatataka Baray, or Pool of Jayavarman. ... Phimeanakas at Angkor, Cambodia, is a Hindu temple in the Khleang style, built at the end of the 10th century, during the reign of Rajendravarman II (from 941-968). ... Categories: Stub | Buildings and structures of Cambodia ... Phnom Krom in Angkor, Cambodia, was built on a mountain at the end of the 9th century, during the reign of Yasovarman (from 889-910). ... Prasat Ak Yum is a temple of Angkor, Cambodia. ... Angkor viewed from space The Bayon temple at Angkor Angkor is the ancient capital of the Khmer empire (history) which thrived from the 9th century to 15th century CE. Its ruins are located in forests to the north of the Great Lake (Tonle Sap), near present day Siem Reap, Cambodia... The ruined temple is still a destination for Buddhist pilgrims. ... Angkor viewed from space The Bayon temple at Angkor Angkor is the ancient capital of the Khmer empire (history) which thrived from the 9th century to 15th century CE. Its ruins are located in forests to the north of the Great Lake (Tonle Sap), near present day Siem Reap, Cambodia... Preah Palilay is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia. ... Preah Pithu is a group of five temples at Angkor, Cambodia, located in Angkor Thom east of the Terrace of the Elephants. ... Pre Rup is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia, built as the state temple of king Rajendravarman and dedicated in 961 or 962. ... Spean Thma at Angkor, Cambodia is known as the bridge of stone west of Ta Keo. ... Srah Srang is a baray at Angkor, Cambodia, located south of the East Baray and east of Banteay Kdei. ... Face tower on the fifth western gopura. ... Ta Som at Angkor, Cambodia, is a small Buddhist temple dedicated to the father of King Jayavarman VII. It was built at the end of the 12th century. ... Angkor viewed from space The Bayon temple at Angkor Angkor is the ancient capital of the Khmer empire (history) which thrived from the 9th century to 15th century CE. Its ruins are located in forests to the north of the Great Lake (Tonle Sap), near present day Siem Reap, Cambodia... Terrace of the Elephants, Angkor, Cambodia The Terrace of the Elephants is part of the walled city of Angkor Thom, a ruined temple complex in Cambodia. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion, because: it is patent nonsense. ... Thommanon at Angkor, Cambodia, is one of a pair of Hindu temples built in the end of the 11th century, completed during the reign of Suryavarman II (from 1113-1150). ... The West Baray is a baray at Angkor, Cambodia, oriented east-west and located just west of Angkor Thom. ... The West Mebon is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia, located in the centre of the West Baray. ... Yasodharapura was the first capital of the Khmer empire to be built at the Angkor site. ... Motto: (Khmer: Nation, Religion, King) Anthem: Nokoreach Capital (and largest city) Phnom Penh Khmer Government Democratic constitutional monarchy - King Norodom Sihamoni - Prime Minister Hun Sen Independence from France - Declared 1949 - Recognized 1953 Area - Total 181,035 kmÂ² (89th) 69,898 sq mi - Water (%) 2. ... Banteay Chhmar is an Angkorian temple in northwest Cambodia. ... Beng Mealea is a temple in the Angkor Wat style located 40 km east of the main group of temples at Angkor, Cambodia, and 77 km from Siem Reap by road. ... Koh Ker is an Angkorian site in northern Cambodia. ... Prasat Preah Vihear is situated near to the Thai border of Sisaket Province. ... Lopburi is a city in Thailand, capital of the Lopburi province. ... Temple at Phanom Rung Phanom Rung (Thai: à¸›à¸£à¸²à¸ªà¸²à¸—à¸žà¸™à¸¡à¸£à¸¸à¹ˆà¸‡), or, with its full name, Prasat Hin Phanom Rung (Phanom Rung Stone Castle), is a Khmer temple complex set on the rim of an extinct volcano at 1,320 feet above sea level, in Buriram province in the Isan region of Thailand. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Main shrine The Phimai historical park protects one of the most important Khmer temples of Thailand. ... Northern gopura Mueang Sing is a historical park in the Sai Yok district, Kanchanaburi province, Thailand. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with :Vat Phou. ... Oum Moung is an Angkorian temple in Laos, near to Wat Phou. ...

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