The Banyumasan language, spoken on the island of Java, is usually considered a dialect of Javanese in modern language classification. Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common proto-language. ... The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia. ... The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages used by some 351 million speakers. ... The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages. ... The Sunda-Sulawesi languages (or Inner Hesperonesian or Inner Western Malayo-Polynesian languages) are a branch of the Austronesian family which include the languages of Sulawesi and the Greater Sunda Islands, as well as a few outliers such as Charmorro and Palauan, as outlined in Wouk and Ross (2002). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ... ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. ... ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Unicode Standard, Version 5. ... Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

The Banyumasan language is mainly spoken in the three areas of the island of Java: the Banyumasan region, located in westernmost Central Java Province and surrounding the Slamet mountain and Serayu river; a neighboring area inside West Java Province; and northern region of Banten Province. This area includes Majenang, Cilacap, Gombong, Kebumen, Banjarnegara, Purbalingga, Purwokerto, Bumiayu, Slawi, Pemalang, Tegal, Brebes and the Cirebon/Indramayu region. Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... For the place, it is better to say Banyumas. ... Central Java (Indonesian: Jawa Tengah) is a province of Indonesia. ... Mount Slamet or Gunung Slamet is an active stratovolcano in Central Java, Indonesia. ... Map showing West Java in Indonesia West Java (Jawa Barat) is a province of Indonesia, located on the island of Java. ... For the Banten meteorite of 1933, see Meteorite falls. ... Cilacap or Tjilatjap is a sea port on the southern coast of the island of Java in Indonesia. ... Kebumen is a regency (Indonesian: kabupaten) in the southern part of Central Java province in Indonesia, west of Yogyakarta. ... Banjarnegara is a city in Indonesia, the seat of Banjarnegara Regency. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Slawi is the capital city of the Tegal regency of the province of Central Java, Indonesia. ... This article needs translation. ... Tegal is a city and regency (administrative district) located on the north coast of Central Java, Indonesia. ... Brebes is a regency (Indonesian: kabupaten) in the northwestern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. ... Cirebon (formerly Cheribon) is a city on north coast of the Indonesian island of Java. ... Indramayu is the capital of the Indramayu Regency of West Java, Indonesia. ...

The Banyumasan language belongs to the Sundic sub-branch of the Western Malayo-Polynesian (also called Hesperonesian) branch of the Malayo-Polynesian subfamily of the Austronesian super family. It is a close linguistic relative of Malay, Sundanese, Madurese, Balinese, and to a lesser extent of various Sumatran and Borneo languages, including Malagasy. The Sunda-Sulawesi languages (or Inner Hesperonesian or Inner Western Malayo-Polynesian languages) are a branch of the Austronesian family which include the languages of Sulawesi and the Greater Sunda Islands, as well as a few outliers such as Charmorro and Palauan, as outlined in Wouk and Ross (2002). ... The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages. ... The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages. ... The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia. ... Sundanese (Basa Sunda, literally language of Sunda) is the language of about 27 million people from the western third of Java or about 15% of the Indonesian population. ... The Madurese are an ethnic group originally from the island of Madura but now found in many parts of Indonesia, where they are the third-largest ethnic group by population. ... Balinese is the language spoken by people in the island of Bali, Indonesia. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ... Borneo is the third largest island in the world and is located at the centre of Maritime Southeast Asia. ...

History

Scholars divide the development of Javanese language into four different stages:

• 9th - 13th century known as Old Javanese
• 13th - 16th century developed to Middle Javanese
• 16th - 20th century developed to New Javanese
• 20th century - nowadays, as one of Modern Javanese.

The phases above were influenced by the emergence of empires in Java. In Javanese cultural history, empires yielded some distinct grades of language, each grade representing the social grade of the speakers (mainly nobles and populaces). Those grades of language are not of significant influence to Banyumasan people. In the Banyumasan region, high grades are usually used only when speaking to a stranger assumed to come from the eastern area of Java i.e. Yogyakarta / Surakarta etc, or on certain occasions. Surakartan and Yogyakartan style are usually considered the standard Javanese language. Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... Javanese is a term used to describe a native of the Indonesian island of Java. ... For the place, it is better to say Banyumas. ... The Special Region of Yogyakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, or DIY), is a province of Indonesia on the island of Java. ... Surakarta (its formal name; locally it is referred to as Solo) is an Indonesian city of approximately 500,000 people located in Central Java. ...

Banyumasan has a lot of differences compared to standard Javanese, mainly in phonology, pronunciation and vocabulary. This happened due to cultural or character distinction and widely current usage of Old Javanese vocabulary. Another distinction is that the pronunciation of the vowels is not as complicated.

Vocabulary distinction basically found in:

• Same word and phonetic but different meaning
• Same word and meaning but different phonetic
• Same phonetic and meaning but different pronunciation (changed on consonant or vowel).

Politeness

Javanese speech varies depending on social context, yielding three distinct styles, or registers. Each style employs its own vocabulary, grammatical rules and even prosody. This is not unique to Javanese; neighbouring Austronesian languages as well as East Asian languages such as Korean, Japanese and Thai share similar constructions. In linguistics, a register is a subset of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting. ... Prosody may mean several things: Prosody consists of distinctive variations of stress, tone, and timing in spoken language. ... East Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...

In Javanese these styles are called:

1. Ngoko is informal speech, used between friends and close relatives. It is also used by persons of higher status to persons of lower status, such as elders to younger people or bosses to subordinates.
2. Madya is the intermediary form between ngoko and krama. An example of the context where one would use madya is an interaction between strangers on the street, where one wants to be neither too formal nor too informal.
3. Krama is the polite and formal style. It is used between persons of the same status who do not wish to be informal. It is also the official style for public speeches, announcements, etc.

In Banyumasan region, Madya and Krama styles are rarely used, usually towards a stranger who is assumed to come from the eastern area of Java (wetanan) such as Yogyakarta, Surakarta etc or on certain occasions, an eastern style of language (basa wetanan) named bandhekan (from gandhek). For the place, it is better to say Banyumas. ...

Dialects and sub-dialects

There are 4 main dialects of Banyumasan language: North area (Tegalan), South area (Banyumasan), Cirebonan and Banten. The Tegalan dialect is spoken in northern areas of Banyumasan: Tanjung, Ketanggungan, Larangan, Brebes, Slawi, Moga, Pemalang, Surodadi and Tegal. The Banyumasan dialect is spoken in southern areas: Bumiayu, Karang Pucung, Cilacap, Nusakambangan Island, Kroya, Ajibarang, Purwokerto, Purbalingga, Bobotsari, Banjarnegara, Purwareja, Kebumen and Gombong. The Cirebonan dialect is spoken in Cirebon and Indramayu. The Banten dialect is spoken in north Banten. For dialects of programming languages, see Programming language dialect. ...

In addition, there are several sub-dialects spoken in Banyumasan, such as Bumiayu sub-dialect, Dayeuhluhur sub-dialect, and Ayah sub-dialect.

See also

• Javanese script
• Java (island)
• Hans Ras
• Banyumasan

Javanese script is the script that Javanese is originally written in (not to be confused with Javascript, which is a programming language). ... Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... Ras around 1976 Johannes Jacobus (Hans) Ras (1 April 1926 – 22 October 2003) was emeritus professor of Javanese language and literature at Leiden University, the Netherlands. ... For the place, it is better to say Banyumas. ...

External links

Banyumasan language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

• Javanese Writing System