Emperor Bao Dai

Bảo Đại (保大帝、22 October 1913 – 30 July 1997) was the last Emperor of Vietnam, the 13^th and last Emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty. Image File history File links added permission given by http://home1. ... Image File history File links added permission given by http://home1. ... October 22 is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 70 days remaining. ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... July 30 is the 211th day (212th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 154 days remaining. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The following list contains, among other information, the era names for all emperors of the Nguyen dynasty. ... The Nguyễn Dynasty (阮朝) was a line of rulers of Vietnam in the 19th century to mid-20th century. ...

Biography

Bảo Đại was born Prince Nguyễn Vĩnh Thụy in Huế, which was then the capital of Vietnam. His father was Emperor Khải Định. After being educated at the Paris Institute of Political Studies (better known as Sciences Po) in France, he became emperor in 1925 following his father's death, and took the name Bảo Đại (but is also known as Nguyễn Phúc Thiển or Vĩnh Thụy). He was subject to French control of his government — Vietnam was part of French Indochina. At various points in the 20th century, Bảo Đại was widely considered to be a puppet ruler under French colonial interests. Huế (順化 in Chinese characters) is a city in Vietnam. ... Emperor Khai Dinh (啟定帝) (Nguyen Buu Dao) was the 12th Emperor of the Nguyen Dynasty in Vietnam. ... The Paris Institute of Political Studies (French: Institut détudes politiques de Paris), often referred to as Sciences-Po (pronounced see-ahns po), is a Grand Établissement in Paris, France. ... Sciences Po, often referred to as Foundation Nationale des Sciences Politiques de Paris, Institut detudes Politiques de Paris, or simply IEP Paris, is a leading specialist school in the French capital. ... French Indochina was a federation of protectorates in Southeast Asia, part of the French colonial empire. ...

On 20 March 1934, at the imperial city of Huế, Bảo Đại married Jeanne Marie-Thérèse (Mariette) Nguyen Huu-Hao Thi Lan (1914–1963), who was renamed Hoang Hau Nam Phuong, or "the Southern Perfume Empress". Together, Nam Phuong had 5 children: Crown Prince Bảo Long born on 4 January 1936, Phuong Mai born on 1 August 1937, Phuong Lien born on 3 November 1938, Phuong Dung born on 5 February 1942 and Bảo Thang born on 9 December 1943. March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in Leap years). ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Huế (化 in Vietnamese Chữ nôm, 順化 in Chinese characters) is the former modern capital of Vietnam. ... Empress Nam Phuong (lit. ... Crown Prince Bao Long Crown Prince Bao Long invested at the Can-Chanh Palace, Hue, Vietnam Crown Prince Bảo Long (Chữ nôm 保隆) of Vietnam (born January 4, 1936) is the head of the Nguyá»…n Dynasty, the now deposed Emperors of Vietnam. ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Princess Phuong Mai was born on August 1, 1937, in Dalat, Vietnam. ... August 1 is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (214th in leap years), with 152 days remaining. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Princess Phuong Lien was born on November 3, 1938. ... November 3 is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 58 days remaining. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... December 9 is the 343rd day (344th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ...

Bảo Đại had four other wives, three of whom he married during his marriage to Nam Phuong: Phu Anh, a cousin, whom he married circa 1935; Hoang, a Chinese woman, whom he married in 1946 (one daughter); Bui Mong Diep, whom he married in 1955 (two children); and Monique Baudot, a French citizen whom he married in 1972 and whom was styled Imperial Princess (later Empress) Monique Vĩnh Thụy and then renamed Thai Phuong Hoang-Hau. Image:Princess Monique Vinh Thuy. ... Image:Princess Monique Vinh Thuy. ...

In 1940 (during World War II), coinciding with their ally Germany's invasion of France, the Japanese invaded Indochina. While they did not eject the French administration, the Japanese directed policy from behind the scenes in a parallel of Vichy France. Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... For other uses of Vichy, see Vichy (disambiguation). ...

The Japanese promised not to interfere with the court at Huế but in 1945 threatened Bảo Đại into declaring Vietnam's independence from France as a member of Japan's "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere". The Japanese had a Vietnamese pretender, Prince Cường Để, waiting to take power in case his 'elimination' was required. The Japanese surrendered to the Allies in August 1945, and the Communist Việt Minh under Hồ Chí Minh aimed to take power. Due to the Japanese associations, Hồ was able to persuade Bảo Đại to abdicate on 25 August 1945, handing power to the Việt Minh — an event that greatly enhanced Hồ's legitimacy in the eyes of the Vietnamese people. Bảo Đại was appointed "supreme advisor" in the new government in Hanoi, which asserted independence on 2 September. Poster of Manchukuo promoting harmony between Japanese, Han Chinese and Manchu. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Look up ally in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... The Viet Minh (abbreviated from Việt Nam ộc Lập ồng Minh Hội, League for the Independence of Vietnam) was formed by Ho Ngoc Lam and Nguyen Hai Than in 1941 to seek independence for Vietnam from France. ... Hồ Chí Minh   (Chinese: 胡志明; May 19, 1890 – September 2, 1969) was a Vietnamese revolutionary and statesman, who later became Prime Minister (1946–1955) and President (1955–1969) of North Vietnam. ... August 25 is the 237th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (238th in leap years), with 128 days remaining. ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Hanoi (Vietnamese: Hà Ná»™i), estimated population 3,083,800 (2004), is the capital of Vietnam. ... September 2 is the 245th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (246th in leap years). ...

As the country descended into violence — rival Vietnamese factions clashing with each other and with the French — Bảo Đại left the country after a year in the advisory role, living in Hong Kong and China. The French persuaded him to return in 1949 as Head of State (Quoc Truong), but not Emperor. He soon returned to France, however, and showed little interest in the affairs of his country when he was not being directly affected. But the war between the French colonial forces and the Việt Minh continued, ending in 1954 shortly after a major victory for the Việt Minh at the Battle of Điện Biên Phủ. Combatants France, Vietnam (loyalist), Hmong mercenaries. ...

Bao Dai on the cover of Time magazine, 1950

The United States, nervous about Hồ Chí Minh's communism, became strongly opposed to the idea of a Vietnam run by Hồ after his government of the north, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, in 1950 gained recognition from the Soviet Union and China. In the south in the same year, the French formed a rival Vietnamese government under Bảo Đại in Saigon which was recognized by the United States, United Kingdom and the United Nations. Image File history File links Bao_Dai_Time. ... Image File history File links Bao_Dai_Time. ... 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was founded by Ho Chi Minh and was recognized by China and the USSR in 1950. ... Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnamese: Thành Chí Minh) is the largest city in Vietnam, located near the delta of the Mekong River. ... The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ...

The 1954 peace deal between the French and the Việt Minh, known as the Geneva Accords, involved a Chinese-inspired, supposedly temporary partition of the country into North and South. Bảo Đại moved to Paris, France, but remained Head of State of South Vietnam, appointing the religious nationalist Ngô Đình Diệm as his Prime Minister. The Geneva Conference (April 26 - July 21, 1954) was a conference between many countries that agreed to end hostilities and restore peace in French Indochina and Korea. ... Part of the Paris skyline with from left to right: Montparnasse Tower, Eiffel Tower, and in the background, towers of neighboring La Défense. ... Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon Last President Duong Van Minh Last Prime Minister Vu Van Mau Area  - Total  - % water 173,809 km² N/A Population  - Total  - Density 19,370,000 (1973 est. ... This is a Vietnamese name; the persons family name is Ngô, but should be properly referred to as Diệm. ... The Prime Minister of Vietnam is the head of the executive branch of the Vietnamese government. ...

However, in 1955, Diệm used a referendum to remove Bảo Đại and form a republic, taking control of the South himself, while managing to win American support. The referendum was widely regarded as fraudulent, showing an alleged 98 percent in favor of Diệm. Bảo Đại abdicated once again and remained in exile in Paris. A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... In a broad definition, a republic is a state or country that is led by people whose political power is based on principles that are not beyond the control of the people of that state or country. ...

Life in Exile

In 1972, Bao Dai issued a public statement in France, and appealed to the Vietnamese people for national reconciliation, stating "The time has come to put an end to the fratricidal war and to recover at last peace and accord".

Bao Dai still held great influence among political figures in the Quảng Trị and Thừa Thiên-Huế Provinces and also in the city of Huế, the ancient capital of Vietnam. The Communist government of North Vietnam sent representatives to France hoping that Bảo Đại would become a member of a coalition government to reunite Vietnam, which would also attract his supporters in the regions where he had influence. Quang Tri Province is a region and province in central Vietnam near (north) the ancient capital of Huế. Categories: Southeast Asia geography stubs ... Thừa Thiên-Huế is a province in Vietnam, approximately in the center of the nation. ... The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cá»™ng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was proclaimed by Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi, September 2nd1945 and was recognized by the Peoples Republic of China and the...

As a result of the meetings conducted, Bảo Đại publicly spoke out against the presence of American troops on the territory of South Vietnam, and he also criticized President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu's regime in South Vietnam. He called for all political factions to create a free, neutral, peace-loving government that would resolve the tense situation that had taken form in the country. President Nguyen Van Thieu Nguyen Van Thieu, (April 5, 1923 – September 29, 2001) was a former General and President of South Vietnam. ...

In 1982, 'Emperor' Bảo Đại and 'Imperial Princess' Monique Vĩnh Thụy along with other members of the Vietnamese Imperial Family visited the United States. His agenda was to oversee and bless Buddhist religious ceremonies, in the California and Texas Vietnamese-American communities. A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by... This article is becoming very long. ... Official language(s) See: Languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 268,581 sq mi (695,622 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... A Vietnamese American is a resident of the United States who is of Vietnamese descent. ...

While in the United States, Emperor Bảo Đại gauged opinion among the exiled Vietnamese-American community, hoping to find a route towards national reconciliation.

Bảo Đại died in a military hospital in Paris in 1997. He was interred in the Cimetière de Passy, Paris. The Val-de-Grâce (Hôpital dinstruction des armées du Val-de-Grâce) is a military hospital located in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France . ... Part of the Paris skyline with from left to right: Montparnasse Tower, Eiffel Tower, and in the background, towers of neighboring La Défense. ... The Cimetière de Passy, with the Eiffel Tower in the background The Cimetière de Passy is a famous cemetery located at 2, rue du Commandant SchÅ“lsing in Passy, in the 16ème arrondissement of Paris. ...

After his death, his eldest son Bảo Long inherited the position of head of the Nguyễn Dynasty. Crown Prince Bao Long Crown Prince Bao Long invested at the Can-Chanh Palace, Hue, Vietnam Crown Prince Bảo Long (Chữ nôm 保隆) of Vietnam (born January 4, 1936) is the head of the Nguyá»…n Dynasty, the now deposed Emperors of Vietnam. ... The Nguyễn Dynasty (阮朝) was a line of rulers of Vietnam in the 19th century to mid-20th century. ...

Quotes

• "What they call a Bảo Đại solution turns out to be just a French solution."

• "I would prefer to be a citizen of an independent country rather than Emperor of an enslaved one."

• "If your government had given me a thousandth of the sum it spent to depose me, I could have won that war."

• "The time has come to put an end to the fratricidal war and to recover at last peace and accord."

• "I do not wish a foreign army to spill the blood of my people." — Emperor Bảo Đại when informed that the Allies had placed the Japanese garrison at his disposal to defend the Imperial City from the Việt Minh.

Huế (順化 in Chinese characters) is a city in Vietnam. ...

External links

• Abdication of Emperor Bảo Đại
• Emperor Bảo Đại and Princess Monique Vĩnh Thụy visit Thiên-Lý Bửu-Tòa Cao Dai Temple Dec. 2, 1982 at San Martin, California
• Emperor Bảo Đại's Obituary from The New York Times, August 2, 1997
• Emperor Bảo Đại and Empress Monique Vĩnh Thụy meet supporters in France (in French)