The 19th century image of Baphomet, created by Eliphas Lévi. The arms bear the Latin words SOLVE (dissolve) and COAGULA (congeal).

Baphomet is a name of unestablished provenance. It first appeared in trial transcripts during the Inquisition of the Knights Templar in the early 1300s. Some modern scholars believe the name to have been an Old French corruption and misspelling of the name Mahomet (Muhammad).^[1] See Etymology[1] below, for a list of possible origins. Baphomet is a demonic image used in occult and historical references. ... Baphomet, from Eliphas Levis Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie, 1854 This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... Baphomet, from Eliphas Levis Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie, 1854 This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... Eliphas Lévi Eliphas Lévi, born Alphonse Louis Constant, (February 8, 1810 - May 31, 1875) was a French occult author and magician. ... For other uses, see Latins and Latin (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Knights Templar (disambiguation). ... Old French was the Romance dialect continuum spoken in territories corresponding roughly to the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium and Switzerland from around 1000 to 1300. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ...

However, in the 19th century the name came into popular English-speaking consciousness with the publication of various pseudo-history works that tried to link the Knights Templar with conspiracy theories elaborating on their suppression. The name Baphomet then became associated with a "Sabbatic Goat" image drawn by Eliphas Lévi. For other uses, see Conspiracy theory (disambiguation). ... Eliphas Lévi Eliphas Lévi, born Alphonse Louis Constant, (February 8, 1810 - May 31, 1875) was a French author and magician. ...

History

The name Baphomet traces back to the end of the Crusades, when the medieval order of the Knights Templar was suppressed by King Philip IV of France. On Friday, October 13, 1307, King Philip had many French Templars simultaneously arrested, and then tortured into confessions. The name Baphomet comes up in several of these confessions, in reference to an idol of some type that the Templars were said to have been worshipping. The description of the object changed from confession to confession. Some Templars denied any knowledge of it. Others, under torture, described it as being either a severed head, a cat, or a head with three faces.^[2] This article is about the medieval crusades. ... For other uses, see Knights Templar (disambiguation). ... “Philip the Fair” redirects here. ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... January 18 - German king Albrecht I makes his son Rudolf king of Bohemia. ...

The charge was notable because it was different from usual forced confessions. Over 100 different charges had been leveled against the Templars, most of them clearly false, as they were the same charges that were leveled against other of King Philip's enemies. For example, he had earlier kidnapped Pope Boniface VIII and charged him with near identical offenses of heresy, spitting and urinating on the cross, and sodomy. However, the charges about the worship of an idol named Baphomet, were unique to the Inquisition of the Templars.^[3][4] As Karen Ralls has pointed out, "There is no mention of Baphomet either in the Templar Rule or in other medieval period Templar documents".^[5] Boniface VIII, né Benedict Gaetano ( 1235 - October 11, 1303) was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303. ...

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the name's first appearance in English was in Henry Hallam's 1818 work Middle Ages, reproducing an early French corruption of "Mahomet", a common variant of Arabic محمد Muhammad.^[6] The name Baphomet also appeared in the English translation of the Viennese Orientalist Joseph Freiherr von Hammer-Purgstall's Mysterium Baphometis revelatum as The Mystery of Baphomet Revealed,^[7] which presented an elaborate pseudohistory constructed to discredit the Freemasons by linking them with "Templar masons". He argued, using archaeological evidence faked by earlier scholars and literary evidence such as the Grail romances, that the Templars were Gnostics and the 'Templars' head' was a Gnostic idol called Baphomet. The Oxford English Dictionary print set The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is a dictionary published by the Oxford University Press (OUP), and is the most successful dictionary of the English language, (not to be confused with the one-volume Oxford Dictionary of English, formerly New Oxford Dictionary of English, of... Henry Hallam (July 9, 1777 - January 21, 1859) was an English historian. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... Joseph Freiherr von Hammer-Purgstall (June 9, 1774–November 23, 1856) was an Austrian orientalist. ... Pseudohistory is a pejorative term applied to texts which purport to be historical in nature but which depart from standard historiographical conventions in a way which undermines their conclusions. ...

Some modern scholars such as Peter Partner and Malcolm Barber agree that the name of Baphomet was an Old French corruption of the name Muhammad, with the interpretation being that some of the Templars, through their long military occupation of the Outremer, had begun incorporating Islamic ideas into their belief system, and that this was seen and documented by the Inquisitors as heresy.^[8] Peter Partner's 1987 book The Knights Templar and their Myth says, "In the trial of the Templars one of their main charges was their supposed worship of a heathen idol-head known as a 'Baphomet' ('Baphomet' = Mahomet = Muhammad)." Partner's book also provides a quote from a poem written in a Provencal dialect by a troubadour who is thought to have been a Templar. The poem is in reference to some battles in 1265 that were not going well for the Crusaders: "And daily they impose new defeats on us: for God, who used to watch on our behalf, is now asleep, and Muhammad [Bafometz] puts forth his power to support the Sultan.^[9] Malcolm Barber is a scholar of medieval history, described as the worlds leading expert on the Knights Templar. ... Old French was the Romance dialect continuum spoken in territories corresponding roughly to the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium and Switzerland from around 1000 to 1300. ... Outremer, French for overseas, was the general name given the Crusader states established after the First Crusade; County of Edessa, Principality of Antioch, County of Tripoli and especially the Kingdom of Jerusalem. ... Provençal (Prouvençau in Provençal language) is one of several dialects of the Romance language Occitan, which is spoken by a minority of people in southern France and other areas of France. ... For other uses, see Troubadour (disambiguation). ...

The use of this poem to prove that "Baphomet" or "Bafometz" was an early French corruption of "Mahomet" ("Muhammad") is critiqued as being circular in a 1995 article published by Kevin Bold ("A History and Mythos of the Knights Templar")[2]. Instead Bold supports Idries Shah's proposal that "Baphomet" derives from the Arabic construction ابو فهمة Abufihamat, meaning "Father of Understanding"^[10]: Idries Shah (16 June 1924–23 November 1996) (Persian: ادریس شاه), also known as Idris Shah, né Sayyid Idris al-Hashimi (Arabic: سيد إدريس الهاشمي), was an author in the Naqshbandi sufist tradition on works ranging from psychology and spirituality to travelogues and culture studies, and was descended from the revered family, the Sadaat of... Arabic redirects here. ...

For now I tend to favor the Arabic origins over the Old French for the following reasons: first, as an iconoclastic religion, Islam strictly forbids images, either painted or sculpted, of either God or Muhammad, so the idea of even unorthodox Muslims worshipping an idol is simply ludicrous. Second, of those authors I have read who claim that "any expert on Old French" will say that Baphomet was another name for Muhammad never actually cite any such Old French experts to document this assertion. One such writer was Peter Partner, who even found a French troubadour ballad from the late thirteenth century and published an English translation, showing parenthetically that "Bafometz" had appeared in the original French (he had rendered it as "Mohammed" as if this had somehow proved his point).

Eliphas Levi and Baphomet

In the 19th century, the name of Baphomet became associated with occult. In 1854, Eliphas Levi published Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie ("Dogmas and Rituals of High Magic"), in which he included an image he had drawn himself which he described as Baphomet and "The Sabbatic Goat", showing a winged humanoid goat with a pair of breasts and a torch on its head between its horns (illustration, top). This image has become the best-known representation of Baphomet. Levi's depiction is similar to that of the Devil in the Tarot, but it may also have been partly inspired by grotesque carvings on the Templar churches of Lanleff in Brittany and St. Merri in Paris, which depict squatting bearded men with bat wings, female breasts, horns and the shaggy hindquarters of a beast.^[11] Some modern video documentaries have added to the confusion by anachronistically including Levi's image or sometimes even a three-dimensional sculpture based on the image, in scenes where they are attempting to portray the history of the Knights Templar.^[3] For other uses of this term, see occult (disambiguation). ... Eliphas Lévi Eliphas Lévi, born Alphonse Louis Constant, (February 8, 1810 - May 31, 1875) was a French occult author and magician. ... Seal of Solomon, Front page of in Transcendental Magic, its Doctrine and Ritual Baphomet, in Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie (English: Dogma and Ritual of High Magic) is the title of Eliphas Levis first published treatise on ritual magic, which... The Devil (XV) The Devil (XV) is a trump card in the tarot deck. ... This article is about the general history, iconography, and uses of tarot cards. ... This article is about the word itself. ... Historical province of Brittany, showing the main areas with their name in Breton language The traditional flag of Brittany (the Gwenn-ha-du), formerly a Breton nationalist symbol but today used as a general civic flag in the region. ... This article is about the capital of France. ...

Lévi considered the Baphomet to be a depiction of the absolute in symbolic form and explicated in detail his symbolism in the drawing that served as the frontispiece:

"The goat on the frontispiece carries the sign of the pentagram on the forehead, with one point at the top, a symbol of light, his two hands forming the sign of hermetism, the one pointing up to the white moon of Chesed, the other pointing down to the black one of Geburah. This sign expresses the perfect harmony of mercy with justice. His one arm is female, the other male like the ones of the androgyn of Khunrath, the attributes of which we had to unite with those of our goat because he is one and the same symbol. The flame of intelligence shining between his horns is the magic light of the universal balance, the image of the soul elevated above matter, as the flame, whilst being tied to matter, shines above it. The beast's head expresses the horror of the sinner, whose materially acting, solely responsible part has to bear the punishment exclusively; because the soul is insensitive according to its nature and can only suffer when it materializes. The rod standing instead of genitals symbolizes eternal life, the body covered with scales the water, the semi-circle above it the atmosphere, the feathers following above the volatile. Humanity is represented by the two breasts and the androgyn arms of this sphinx of the occult sciences." A pentagram A pentagram (sometimes known as a pentalpha or pentangle or, more formally, as a star pentagon) is the shape of a five-pointed star drawn with five straight strokes. ... Hermes Trismegistus (Greek: , thrice-great Hermes; Latin: Mercurius ter Maximus) is the syncretism of the Greek god Hermes and the Egyptian god Thoth. ... In Judaism Chesed is the forth Sefirah on the tree of life. ... Gevurah (Severity; גבורה) or Geburah, and Din (Judgment) in the Kabbalah of Judaism is the fifth of the Sephirot of the tree of life, and it is the second of the emotive attributes of the Sephirot. ... The arm of Khunrath is the ancient art of mobility using only hands, or in modern terms, handstands. ...

Levi called his image “the Baphomet of Mendes”, presumably following Herodotus' account^[12] that the god of Mendes — the Greek name for Djedet, Egypt — was depicted with a goat's face and legs. Herodotus relates how all male goats were held in great reverence by the Mendesians, and how in his time a woman publicly copulated with a goat.^[13] However the deity that was venerated at Egyptian Mendes was actually a ram deity Banebdjed (literally Ba of the lord of djed, and titled "the Lord of Mendes"), who was the soul of Osiris. Levi combined the images of the Tarot of Marseilles Devil card and refigured the ram Banebdjed as a he-goat, further imagined by him as "copulator in Anep and inseminator in the district of Mendes". For information about the Portuguese language surname Mendes, see the article Mendez. ... Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: HÄ“ródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (ca. ... Species See text. ... Akh redirects here. ... The Djed pillar represents stability and has been interpreted as the backbone of the Egyptian god Osiris. ... Akh redirects here. ... For other uses, see Osiris (disambiguation). ... Le Bateleur, The Mountebank, the first trump in the Tarot de Marseille. ...

Criticism of Levi's interpretation

Egyptian connections aside, Lévi's depiction, for all its modern fame, does not match the historical descriptions from the Templar trials, although it is akin to some grotesques found on Templar churches, having the same horns and beard, female breasts, bat-like wings and hind-quarters of an animal, and being seated on a globe in a similar posture.^[14]

Critics argue that Lévi and other writers, such as Albert Pike, were attempting to use the false accusations against the Templars to fabricate from the name Baphomet a veritable Deity of Hedonism and Rebellion against a Christian establishment. Levi's now-familiar image shown here as a "Sabbatic Goat" shows parallels with works by the Spanish artist Francisco Goya, who more than once painted a "Witch's Sabbath"; in the version ca. 1821–23, El gran cabrón now at the Prado, a group of seated women offer their dead infant children to a seated goat. Levi also incorrectly identified Baphomet with Herodotus' mistaken "Goat of Mendes". Albert Pike (b. ... This article does not cite any sources. ... Goya redirects here. ... In Christian folklore, the Sabbath (also known as Witchs Sabbath) was a gathering supposed to have been celebrated by Satanists, witches and warlocks to honor the Devil, offend God, Jesus, the sacraments, the cross, and perform unholy rites. ... Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: HÄ“ródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (ca. ...

Aleister Crowley and Baphomet

Aleister Crowley's further fanciful connections linked the ram-god of Mendes with the syncretic Ptolemaic-Roman Harpocrates, a version elaborated upon the child-form of the Egyptian god Horus. Harpocrates was a granter of fertility, but he was not associated with debauch or lust—and, most important, in animal-form, he was a ram, not a buck goat. Aleister Crowley, born Edward Alexander Crowley, (12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947, pronounced ) was a British occultist, writer, mountaineer, philosopher, poet, and mystic. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The child Horus represented to the ancient Egyptians the new-born Sun, rising each day at dawn. ... Egyptian mythology or Egyptian religion is the succession of tentative beliefs held by the people of Egypt for over three thousand years, prior to major exposure to Christianity and Islam. ... Ihy redirects here. ...

The Baphomet of Lévi was to become an important figure within the cosmology of Thelema, the mystical system established by Crowley in the early twentieth century. Crowley identified Baphomet with Harpocrates and also with what he called the Lion-Serpent. Crowley agreed that Baphomet was a divine androgyne and "the hieroglyph of arcane perfection"^[15]. In The Law is for All^[16] Crowley identifies the Lion-Serpent with one's "Secret Self", which he also called the Holy Guardian Angel. Thelema is the English transliteration of the Ancient Greek noun : will, from the verb θέλω: to will, wish, purpose. ... Within the system of Thelema founded by Aleister Crowley in 1904, the Holy Guardian Angel is the Silent Self, representative of ones truest divine nature. ...

In Magick (Book 4), Crowley writes, "The Devil does not exist. It is a false name invented by the Black Brothers to imply a Unity in their ignorant muddle of dispersions. A devil who had unity would be a God... 'The Devil' is, historically, the God of any people that one personally dislikes... This serpent, SATAN, is not the enemy of Man, but He who made Gods of our race, knowing Good and Evil; He bade 'Know Thyself!' and taught Initiation. He is 'The Devil' of the Book of Thoth, and His emblem is BAPHOMET, the Androgyne who is the hieroglyph of arcane perfection... He is therefore Life, and Love. But moreover his letter is ayin, the Eye, so that he is Light; and his Zodiacal image is Capricornus, that leaping goat whose attribute is Liberty." ^[17] Cover of Magick, Liber ABA, Book 4 by Aleister Crowley. ...

For Crowley, Baphomet is further a representative of the spiritual nature of the spermatozoa while also being symbolic of the "magical child" produced as a result of sex magic. As such, Baphomet represents the Union of Opposites, especially as mystically personified in Chaos and Babalon combined and biologically manifested with the sperm and egg united in the zygote. Sex magic or sexual magic is a term for various types of sexual activity used in magical, theurgical, or otherwise religious and spiritual pursuits. ... For other uses, see Chaos (disambiguation). ... Babalon riding The Beast, as depicted on the Lust card of Crowleys Thoth Tarot. ...

Promotional poster for Léo Taxil, Les Mystères de la franc-maçonnerie dévoilés (1886), adapts Lévi's invention

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Léo Taxil, originally Marie Joseph Gabriel Antoine Jogand-Pagès (March 21, 1854–March 31, 1907), was a French hoaxster who duped the pope and the French prelates. ...

Baphomet as a demon

Lévi's Baphomet image employed in the later 19th century to suggest Baphomet worship by Freemasons

Baphomet, as Lévi's illustration suggests, has occasionally been portrayed as a synonym of Satan or a demon, a member of the hierarchy of Hell. Baphomet appears in that guise as a character in James Blish's The Day After Judgment. Christian evangelist Jack Chick claims that Baphomet is a demon worshipped by Freemasons, a claim that apparently originated with the Taxil hoax.^[18]. Léo Taxil's elaborate hoax employed a version of Lévi's Baphomet on the cover of Les Mystères de la franc-maçonnerie dévoilés, his lurid paperback "exposé" of Freemasonry, which in 1897 he revealed as a hoax satirizing ultra-Catholic anti-Masonic propaganda. Lévi's Baphomet is clearly the source as well of the later Tarot image of the Devil, in the Rider-Waite design. The downward-pointing pentagram on its forehead is enlarged upon by Lévi in his illustration of a goat's head arranged within such a pentagram, which he contrasts with the microcosmic man arranged within a similar but upright pentagram.^[19] Image File history File links Masons_baphomet. ... Image File history File links Masons_baphomet. ... Freemasons redirects here. ... This article is about the concept of Satan. ... “Fiend” redirects here. ... In early Christian theology, Satan or the Devil was seen as chief of all other demons. ... James Benjamin Blish (East Orange, New Jersey, May 23, 1921 – Henley-on-Thames, July 30, 1975) was an American author of fantasy and science fiction. ... Jimmy Akins rendition of Jack Chick. ... Freemasons redirects here. ... Poster advertising the work of Leo Taxil. ... Léo Taxil, originally Marie Joseph Gabriel Antoine Jogand-Pagès (March 21, 1854–March 31, 1907), was a French hoaxster who duped the pope and the French prelates. ... The Devil (XV) The Devil (XV) is a trump card in the tarot deck. ... A pentagram A pentagram (sometimes known as a pentalpha or pentangle or, more formally, as a star pentagon) is the shape of a five-pointed star drawn with five straight strokes. ... For the definition of the word microcosm, see here. ...

The symbol of the goat in the downward-pointed pentagram was adopted as the official symbol—called the Sigil of Baphomet—of the Church of Satan, and continues to be used amongst Satanists. The Sigil of Baphomet The Sigil of Baphomet has its origins in accusations of demonic worship by the medieval Knights Templar. ... Church of Satan logo The Church of Satan is an organization for those who practice self-preservation as articulated in The Satanic Bible, written in 1969 by Anton Szandor LaVey. ... Satanism is a religious or philosophical movement centered around Satan or another entity identified with Satan, or centered around the forces of nature, particularly human nature, represented by Satan as an archetype. ...

Etymology

Several competing theories exist for the origin of the mysterious name Baphomet. These include:

• Some modern scholars believe the origin of the name Baphomet to have been a French misspelling of "Mahomet" (i.e., "Muhammad").

• Emile Littré (1801–1881) in Dictionnaire de la langue francaise asserted that the word was cabalistically formed by writing backward tem. o. h. p. ab an abbreviation of templi omnium hominum pacis abbas, 'abbot' or 'father of the temple of peace of all men.' His source is the "Abbé Constant", which is to say, Alphonse-Louis Constant, the real name of Eliphas Lévi.

• Idries Shah proposed that "Baphomet" may derive from the Arabic word ابو فهمة Abufihamat, meaning "The Father of Understanding".^[20]

• Atbash cipher for Sophia. Dr Hugh J. Schonfield,^[21] one of the scholars who worked on the Dead Sea Scrolls, argued in his book The Essene Odyssey that the word "Baphomet" was created with knowledge of the Atbash substitution cipher, which substitutes the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet for the last, the second for the second last, and so on. "Baphomet" rendered in Hebrew is בפומת; interpreted using Atbash, it becomes שופיא, which can be interpreted as the Greek word "Sophia", or wisdom. This theory is an important part of the plot of The Da Vinci Code. Professor Schonfield's theory however cannot be independently corroborated.

• The Rev. Alphonsus Joseph-Mary Augustus Montague Summers (1880–1948), compiler of The History of Witchcraft and Demonology (1926) and The Geography of Witchcraft (1927) was able to form Baphomet from the Greek words 'baphe and 'Metis'. The two words together would mean "Baptism of Wisdom".

Émile Maximilien Paul Littré (February 1, 1801 - June 2, 1881) was a French lexicographer and philosopher, best known for his Dictionnaire de la langue française, commonly called the Littré. He was born in Paris. ... Eliphas Lévi Eliphas Lévi, born Alphonse Louis Constant, (February 8, 1810 - May 31, 1875) was a French occult author and magician. ... Idries Shah (16 June 1924–23 November 1996) (Persian: ادریس شاه), also known as Idris Shah, né Sayyid Idris al-Hashimi (Arabic: سيد إدريس الهاشمي), was an author in the Naqshbandi sufist tradition on works ranging from psychology and spirituality to travelogues and culture studies, and was descended from the revered family, the Sadaat of... Arabic redirects here. ... Atbash is a simple substitution cipher in Hebrew. ... Sophia (Σoφíα, Greek for wisdom) is a central term in Hellenistic philosophy and religion, Gnostic Christianity and Orthodox Christianity. ... Dr. Hugh J. Schonfield was a British Bible scholar specializing in the New Testament and the early development of the Christian religion and church. ... The Dead Sea scrolls consist of roughly 1000 documents, including texts from the Hebrew Bible, discovered between 1947 and 1979 in eleven caves in and around the Wadi Qumran (near the ruins of the ancient settlement of Khirbet Qumran, on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea) in the West... Note: This article contains special characters. ... The Da Vinci Code is a mystery/detective novel by American author Dan Brown, published in 2003 by Doubleday. ... Metis can refer to a number of things: Metis was a Titaness and the first wife of Zeus. ...

In popular culture

• The action-adventure book by Anne de Nice, The Baphomet Codex, attempts to unify many of the meanings and origins of Baphomet and their connections to the Templars.
• British black metal band Cradle of Filth make many references to Baphomet (The Principle of Evil Made Flesh, Courting Baphomet, etc).
• Satanic British Metal band Akercocke reference Baphomet in "Horns of Baphomet"
• Tract author Jack T. Chick has a comic which links Baphomet with Freemasonry.
• Polish blackened death metal band Behemoth use a variation of Baphomet as the cover art for their album Zos Kia Cultus: Here and Beyond, and have a song entitled "Horns ov Baphomet" on the same album.
• In the popular manga series Berserk, several sexually intense scenes depict Baphomet as the heretic or unlawful pagan god that is worshiped during orgies.
• The movie Return to House on Haunted Hill features an idol to Baphomet as the cause for the asylum's hauntings.
• The cover art for the album 'In Sorte Diaboli' by Norwegian Black Metal band Dimmu Borgir features a Baphomet very similar to the one drawn by Levi.
• In the video game Silent Hill the final boss, depending on certain circumstances achieved or missed, appears as a demon in a form very similar to Levi's depiction.
• The 'Day of the Baphomets' is a song by the Mars Volta on their third album 'Amputechture'.
• One of the most famous Ragnarok Online monsters -a goat-like demon bearing a huge scythe- is also called Baphomet.
• In the video game Doom, Baphomet's face appears on some wall panels.
• In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game, Baphomet is a demon lord who rules a layer of the Abyss called the Endless Maze.
• In Clive Barker's novel Cabal, Baphomet is the god of the Nightbreed. In the film Nightbreed, he is depicted as a tall, horned being with multiple arms.

This article is about the musical genre. ... Cradle of Filth are a heavy metal band formed in Suffolk, England in 1991. ... Akercocke is a British progressive blackened death metal band. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A frame from the Chick tract Doom Town Jack Thomas Chick (born April 13, 1924) of Chick Publications is the creator of comic-style tracts and larger comic books for the purpose of Christian evangelism in a fundamentalist theology. ... Blackened death metal also called death/black metal or black/death metal (depending on which styles is dominant) is a fusion genre of extreme metal utilising elements of death metal and black metal with bands usually hailing from Europe. ... Behemoth ( ) is a Polish death metal band. ... Return to House on Haunted Hill, directed by Víctor García, is the 2007 sequel to the 1999 remake House on Haunted Hill. ... The Mars Volta onstage at the 2004 Big Day Out, Melbourne, Australia. ... Ragnarok Online (Korean: ), often referred to as RO, is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game created by GRAVITY Co. ... Doom (or DOOM)[1] is a 1993 computer game by id Software that is a landmark title in the first-person shooter genre. ... This article is about the role-playing game. ... A roleplaying game (RPG) is a type of game in which players assume the roles of characters and collaboratively create stories. ... In the fantasy role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons, demon lords (also known as Abyssal lords in 2E AD&D) are demons who have gained great power and established a position of preeminence among demonkind. ... In Dungeons & Dragons, the fantasy role-playing game, the Abyss or more fully, the Infinite Layers of the Abyss, is a chaotic evil-aligned plane of existence. ... Cabal is a 1988 novella by British author Clive Barker. ... Nightbreed is a 1990 movie based on Clive Barkers novella Cabal. ...

See also

• Sigil of Baphomet

The Sigil of Baphomet The Sigil of Baphomet has its origins in accusations of demonic worship by the medieval Knights Templar. ...

Notes

Malcolm Barber is a scholar of medieval history, described as the worlds leading expert on the Knights Templar. ... The National Geographic Channel is a subscription television network that features documentaries produced by the National Geographic Society. ... The Oxford English Dictionary print set The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is a dictionary published by the Oxford University Press (OUP), and is the most successful dictionary of the English language, (not to be confused with the one-volume Oxford Dictionary of English, formerly New Oxford Dictionary of English, of... OED stands for Oxford English Dictionary Office of Enrollment & Discipline This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Henry Hallam (July 9, 1777 - January 21, 1859) was an English historian. ... Idries Shah (16 June 1924–23 November 1996) (Persian: ادریس شاه), also known as Idris Shah, né Sayyid Idris al-Hashimi (Arabic: سيد إدريس الهاشمي), was an author in the Naqshbandi sufist tradition on works ranging from psychology and spirituality to travelogues and culture studies, and was descended from the revered family, the Sadaat of... Book cover of The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail 2005 illustrated hardcover edition. ... is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Idries Shah (16 June 1924–23 November 1996) (Persian: ادریس شاه), also known as Idris Shah, né Sayyid Idris al-Hashimi (Arabic: سيد إدريس الهاشمي), was an author in the Naqshbandi sufist tradition on works ranging from psychology and spirituality to travelogues and culture studies, and was descended from the revered family, the Sadaat of...

References

• Barber, Malcolm (1994), The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple, Cambridge
• Crowley, Aleister (1974), written at New York, NY, Equinox of the Gods, Gordon Press, <http://www.hermetic.com/crowley/eoftg/index.html>
• Crowley, Aleister (1981), written at New York, NY, The Book of Thoth, Weiser, <http://altreligion.about.com/library/texts/bl_thoth.htm>
• Crowley, Aleister (1996), written at Tempe, AZ, The Law is for All, New Falcon Publications, <http://www.amazon.com/dp/1561840904/>
• Crowley, Aleister (1997), written at York Beach, ME, Magick: Book 4, Weiser, <http://www.hermetic.com/crowley/libers/lib4.html>
• Martin, Sean (2005), The Knights Templar: The History & Myths of the Legendary Military Order. ISBN 1-56025-645-1.
• Read, Piers Paul (1999), The Templars. Da Capo Press, ISBN 0-306-81071-9.

Malcolm Barber is a scholar of medieval history, described as the worlds leading expert on the Knights Templar. ... Aleister Crowley, born Edward Alexander Crowley, (12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947, pronounced ) was a British occultist, writer, mountaineer, philosopher, poet, and mystic. ... Aleister Crowley, born Edward Alexander Crowley, (12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947, pronounced ) was a British occultist, writer, mountaineer, philosopher, poet, and mystic. ... Aleister Crowley, born Edward Alexander Crowley, (12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947, pronounced ) was a British occultist, writer, mountaineer, philosopher, poet, and mystic. ... Aleister Crowley, born Edward Alexander Crowley, (12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947, pronounced ) was a British occultist, writer, mountaineer, philosopher, poet, and mystic. ... Sean Martin is an Anglo-Irish writer and film director. ... Piers Paul Read (born March 7, 1941 in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, UK) is a novelist and non-fiction British writer and author. ...

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Baphomet

• Myth of the Baphomet
• Historical and modern images of Baphomet