Main article: Baptists

Baptist churches are part of a Christian movement often regarded as an Evangelical, Protestant denomination. ...

Brief history

US Baptist roots go all the way back to the Reformation in England in the sixteenth century. Various dissenters called for purification of the church and a return to the New Testament Christian example. These dissenters also called for strict accountability in their covenant with God. One of the prominent dissenters who arose in the seventeenth century was John Smyth. Smyth was a strong proponent of adult baptism and 1609 went as far as to rebaptize himself and others. Smyth's action was a sign of the first English Baptist church. Smyth also introduced the Arminian view that God's grace is for everyone and not just predestined individuals.

Both Roger Williams and his compatriot in working for religious freedom, Dr. John Clarke, are variously credited as being the founder of the Baptist faith in America.^[1] In 1639, Williams established a Baptist church in Providence, Rhode Island and Clarke began a Baptist church in Newport, Rhode Island. According to a Baptist historian who has researched the matter extensively, "There is much debate over the centuries as to whether the Providence or Newport church deserved the place of 'first' Baptist congregation in America. Exact records for both congregations are lacking."^[2] Baptist churches exist in each of the United States today and it is estimated that more than 70% of all Baptists worldwide reside in the United States. Roger Williams (December 21, 1603–April 1, 1684) was an English theologian, a notable proponent of the separation of Church and State, an advocate for fair dealings with Native Americans, founder of the City of Providence, Rhode Island and co-founder of the colony of Rhode Island. ... For the physicist (winner of 2004 Hughes Medal) see John Clarke (physicist) John Clarke (1609–1676) was a medical doctor, Baptist minister, co-founder of the colony of Rhode Island, and a leading advocate of religious freedom in the Americas. ... Events January 14 - Connecticuts first constitution, the Fundamental Orders, is adopted. ... Nickname: Location in Rhode Island Coordinates: Country United States State Rhode Island County Providence Government  - Mayor David N. Cicilline (D) Area  - City  20. ... Newport is a city in Newport County, Rhode Island, about 30 miles (48 km) south of Providence. ...

Though each Baptist church is autonomous, Baptists have traditionally organized into associations of like-minded churches for mutual edification, consultation, and ministerial support. The constituency of these associations is based on geographical and doctrinal criteria. Many such associations of Baptist churches have developed in the United States since Baptists first came to the continent.

Until the early 1800s these Baptist associations tended to center around a local or regional area where the constituent churches could conveniently meet. However, beginning with the spread of the Philadelphia Baptist Association beyond its original bounds and the rise of the modern missions movement, Baptists began to move towards developing national associations.

The first national association was the Triennial Convention, founded in the early 1800s, which met every three years. The Triennial Convention was basically a loose organization with the purpose of raising funds for various independent benevolent, educational and mission societies.

Over the years other nationwide Baptist associations have originated as divisions from these two major groups. There are a few smaller associations that have never identified with any of the national organizations, as well as many Independent Baptist churches which are not part of any organization, local or national.

In the United States today, there are still Baptist groups that support and actively attempt to maintain the separation of church and state. At least 14 Baptist bodies, including the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, the Baptist General Convention of Texas, the National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc., and American Baptist Churches USA support financially and ideologically the mission of the Baptist Joint Committee for Religious Liberty. This organization tries to uphold the traditional Baptist principle of the separation of church and state. On the issue of school prayer, for instance, the Baptist Joint Committee argues that prayer is most pleasing to God when offered voluntarily, not when the government compels its observance.^[3] Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, Inc. ... Baptist General Convention of Texas - the oldest surviving convention serving Southern Baptists in Spain (and later Mexico), non-Catholic religious worship was prohibited. ... The National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. ... ABCUSA American Baptist Churches USA (ABCUSA) is a group of Baptist churches within the United States; headquartered in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. ... The Baptist Joint Committee for Religious Liberty (BJC) is an education and advocacy association in the United States with a number of Baptist denominations. ... The Baptist Joint Committee for Religious Liberty (BJC) is an education and advocacy association in the United States with a number of Baptist denominations. ...

Major Baptist organizations in the U.S.

The Handbook of Denominations in the United States identifies and describes 31 Baptist groups or conventions in the United States.^[4] A partial list follows:

• Alliance of Baptists
• American Baptist Churches USA(ABCUSA)
• Baptist General Association of Virginia (BGAV)
• Baptist General Conference
• Conservative Baptist Association
• Cooperative Baptist Fellowship (CBF)
• General Association of Regular Baptist Churches
• Old-Line Primitive Baptists
• Progressive Primitive Baptists
• Southern Baptist Convention (SBC)

• African-American Baptist groups:
  • National Baptist Convention of America, Inc.
  • National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.
  • National Missionary Baptist Convention of America
  • Progressive National Baptist Convention

• Associations holding to Landmarkism
  • American Baptist Association
  • Baptist Missionary Association of America
  • Interstate & Foreign Landmark Missionary Baptist Association

• Independent (non-aligned) Baptist churches
  • Baptist Bible Fellowship International
  • Global Independent Baptist Fellowship
  • Independent Baptist Fellowship International
  • Southwide Baptist Fellowship
  • The Spiritual Baptist Archdiocese of New York, Inc.
  • World Baptist Fellowship
  • In addition, there are many Independent Baptist churches not aligned with any group

The Alliance of Baptists is a fellowship of Baptist churches and individuals. ... ABCUSA American Baptist Churches USA (ABCUSA) is a group of Baptist churches within the United States; headquartered in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. ... In continuous service since its founding in 1823, the Baptist General Association of Virginia (BGAV) is an umbrella organization of churches that supports and assists them in their various ministries and missions. ... The Baptist General Conference (BGC) is a national evangelical Baptist body with roots in Pietism in Sweden and inroads among evangelical Scandinavian-Americans, particularly persons located in the American Upper Midwest. ... Conservative Baptist Association is another name used to describe CBAmerica, formed in Atlantic City, New Jersey in 1947 as the Conservative Baptist Association of America. ... Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, Inc. ... General Association of Regular Baptist Churches (GARBC) - one of several Baptist groups in North America retaining the name Regular Baptist. The impact of modernism on the Northern Baptist Convention (now called American Baptist Churches in the USA) led to the eventual withdrawal of a number of conservative and fundamentalist churches. ... Primitive Baptists are a group of Baptists that have an historical connection to the missionary / anti-missionary controversy that divided Baptists of America in the early part of the 19th century. ... Primitive Baptists are a group of Baptists that have an historical connection to the missionary / anti-missionary controversy that divided Baptists of America in the early part of the 19th century. ... The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a United States-based cooperative ministry agency serving Baptist churches around the world. ... Languages Predominantly American English Religions Protestantism (chiefly Baptist and Methodist); Roman Catholicism; Islam Related ethnic groups Sub-Saharan Africans and other African groups, some with Native American groups. ... National Baptist Convention of America, Inc. ... The National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. ... National Missionary Baptist Convention of America - an association serving as a medium of cooperation and fellowship for African-American missionary Baptist churches. ... The Progressive National Baptist Convention (PNBC) is a convention of African-American Baptists emphasizing civil rights and social justice. ... Landmarkism is a ecclesiological viewpoint held by some Baptists concerning the origin and nature of the church. ... The American Baptist Association (ABA) is an association of independent Landmark-type Baptist churches fellowshipping to carry out missions, benevolence and education. ... The Baptist Missionary Association of America (BMAA) is a fellowship of autonomous Baptist churches for the purpose of benevolence, Christian education, and missions. ... Organized in 1951 as the Interstate and Foreign Missionary Baptist Associational Assembly of America, this group is now known as the Interstate and Foreign Landmark Missionary Baptist Association of America. ... The Baptist Bible Fellowship International is a strong separatist fundamentalist organization formed in 1950 by members who separated from the World Baptist Fellowship. ... The Global Independent Baptist Fellowship is a recently formed independent Baptist fellowship arising from doctrinal disputes within the Baptist Bible Fellowship International. ... The Independent Baptist Fellowship International or IBFI is an organization of fundamentalist Independent Baptist pastors and missionaries. ... The Southwide Baptist Fellowship is made up of about a thousand churches. ... The Spiritual Baptist Archdiocese of New York Inc. ... World Baptist Fellowship - a separatist fundamentalist Baptist organization. ... It has been suggested that Independent Fundamental Baptist be merged into this article or section. ...

American Baptist Churches USA

Main article: American Baptist Churches USA

The American Baptist Churches USA (ABCUSA) are the descendants of the Triennial Convention. From 1907-1950 it was known as the Northern Baptist Convention. While its theology was originally rooted in the same Confessions of Faith as more traditional Baptists, as a rule the ABCUSA churches have adopted a more modernist approach to the Scriptures and are thus more tolerant of doctrinal diversity. ABCUSA American Baptist Churches USA (ABCUSA) is a group of Baptist churches within the United States; headquartered in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. ... ABCUSA American Baptist Churches USA (ABCUSA) is a group of Baptist churches within the United States; headquartered in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. ... The Northern Baptist Convention was founded in Washington, D.C. on May 17, 1907. ...

The primary strength of the ABCUSA is in the northeast, but it also has a strong presence throughout the midwest, the southwest, and on the west coast. They operate a number of colleges and other benevolent enterprises.

Southern Baptist Convention

Main article: Southern Baptist Convention

The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is the largest non-Catholic denomination in the United States.^[5] Its greatest numerical strength is in the south, but it has churches in every state and a strong presence in many northern and western states. The Home Mission Society gave a statement saying that a person could not be a missionary and keep his slaves as property. This caused the Home Mission Society to separate northern and southern divisions. As a result of this the Baptists in the south met in May of 1845 and organized the Southern Baptist Convention. The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a United States-based cooperative ministry agency serving Baptist churches around the world. ... The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a United States-based cooperative ministry agency serving Baptist churches around the world. ... The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a United States-based cooperative ministry agency serving Baptist churches around the world. ...

Women began making great strides in 1872, when Henry Tupper of the Foreign Mission Board appointed Edmonia Moon for missionary service. She was the first woman to receive this honor.^[6] In 1888, the Woman's Missionary Union was instituted. Women were recognized and encouraged to form missionary circles and children's bands in churches and Sunday Schools.^[7].

Although all Southern Baptists would be viewed as conservative by those outside the tradition, from the late 1970s forward there was a well-orchestrated takeover of the SBC by a conservative/fundamentalist group who wrested control from those who have come to be call "moderates."

In 1987, some moderates left the Southern Baptist Convention and formed the Southern Baptist Alliance, which later became the Alliance of Baptists. The Alliance is associated with the Association of Welcoming and Affirming Baptists, a group promoting greater inclusion of GLBT people within Baptist life. The Alliance of Baptists is a fellowship of Baptist churches and individuals. ... The Alliance of Baptists is a fellowship of Baptist churches and individuals. ... The Association of Welcoming and Affirming Baptists (AWAB) is a group consisting of Baptist individuals, organizations, and congregations that are committed to advocating and encouraging the full inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered persons in the lives and ministries of Baptist churches. ...

In 1991, other moderates left the SBC and established the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship (CBF), a group emphasizing global missions and what it considers "historic Baptist values" such as local church autonomy, priesthood of all believers and religious liberty. Unlike the Southern Baptist Convention, the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship ordains women for ministry. Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, Inc. ...

African-American Baptists

Before the American Civil War, the African American Baptists were, with many notable exceptions, members of the same churches as the whites (though often relegated to a segregated status within the church). After the war they left the white churches to start separate churches and associations.

Today there are several historically African-American groups in the United States; the largest of these is the National Baptist Convention. A good number of African-American Baptist churches are dually aligned with a traditionally African American group and the ABCUSA, the Southern Baptist Convention, or the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship. The National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. ...

Cooperative Baptist Fellowship (CBF)

Main article: Cooperative Baptist Fellowship

The Cooperative Baptist Fellowship (CBF) was formed in 1991, largely by moderate Southern Baptists who had been disenfranchised by the concerted, well-orchestrated fundamentalist/conservative takeover of the Southern Baptist Convention. CBF has been called a quasi-denomination since in many ways it provides many of the benefits of a convention, including ordination of women for ministry, but as yet has not declared itself a denomination. Its primary offices are located in Atlanta, GA. Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, Inc. ... Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, Inc. ... Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, Inc. ... The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a United States-based cooperative ministry agency serving Baptist churches around the world. ... This article is about the state capital of Georgia. ...

Mission statement

"We are a fellowship of Baptist Christians and churches who share a passion for the Great Commission of Jesus Christ and a commitment to Baptist principles of faith and practice." Our purpose is to "serve Christians and churches as they discover and fulfill their God-given mission." Baptist is a term describing a tradition within Christianity and may also refer to individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. ... This article is about the religous people known as Christians. ... In Christian tradition, the Great Commission is the instruction of the resurrected Jesus Christ to his disciples, that they spread the faith to all the world. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Baptist is a term describing a tradition within Christianity and may also refer to individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. ...

Operating budget and support

Operating Budget: $17.05 million for 2006-07 The organization's financial support comes from Baptist individuals and churches with an interest in global missions, theological education and other shared ministries. Approximately 1,850 churches contribute to the Fellowship's ministry budget. Churches, church groups and individuals are also involved through volunteer missions, theological education and various ministry partnerships.

Membership

Members, as defined by the Fellowship's bylaws, are individual Baptists, Baptist churches and members thereof who contribute annually to the ministries and operations of the Fellowship. All members are entitled to vote at the General Assembly.

Leadership

A Coordinating Council elected by the General Assembly meets three times a year to plan the Fellowship's missions and ministries. The council is led by a moderator, elected annually by the General Assembly. A CBF Resource Center staff of approximately 62 persons provides leadership and support services through offices in Atlanta and Dallas. Chief executive officer is Daniel Vestal, who assumed the position of coordinator in December 1996 after nearly three decades as a Baptist pastor.

Primary Emphases

• Advocacy of historic Baptist values such as local church autonomy, priesthood of all believers and religious liberty
• Connecting churches and their leaders to resources that will help them fulfill the mission God has given them
• Events: The Fellowship's General Assembly meets annually in a different region of the country. The 2006 meeting was held June 22-23 at the Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, Georgia. Also, 18 state and regional CBF organizations host assemblies and other events.
• Global missions and ministries that focus primarily on partnerships with local congregations and other mission groups, planting the gospel among the world's unevangelized peoples (ethno-linguistic people groups, comprising nearly one-fourth of the world's population, who have little or no exposure to the Christian message), and ministries among the urban poor and other marginalized peoples in America's inner cities.
• Global Missions Field Personnel: 163, including career personnel and persons serving two-to- three-year assignments.
• Networking with other groups that share the Fellowship's commitment to the Great Commission
• Partnerships with a dozen seminaries and theology schools and with other organizations that identify with the Fellowship's mission and vision.

The Georgia World Congress Center or GWCC is the major convention center in Atlanta, run by the state of Georgia. ...

Information

• Publication: fellowship! newsletter published seven times a year (free).
• E-newsletter: Fellowship distributed every other Friday.

Smaller Baptist groups

There are a number of smaller Baptist associations in the United States which maintain a separate existence from the larger groups for doctrinal reasons. Among these are the Freewill Baptists, the General Baptists, the Primitive Baptists, various associations devoted to Landmarkism, the Conservative Baptist Association, the General Association of Regular Baptist Churches, and many regional and local associations which do not affiliate with any national group. Free Will Baptist Church (or Free Will Baptists) is a group of churches that share a common history, name, and an acceptance of the Arminian theology of free grace, free salvation, and free will, based on the idea of general atonement. ... Baptists were first identified by the name General Baptists in 17th century England. ... Primitive Baptists are a group of Baptists that have an historical connection to the missionary/anti-missionary controversy that divided Baptists of America in the early part of the 19th century. ... Landmarkism is a ecclesiological viewpoint held by some Baptists concerning the origin and nature of the church. ... Conservative Baptist Association is another name used to describe CBAmerica, formed in Atlantic City, New Jersey in 1947 as the Conservative Baptist Association of America. ... General Association of Regular Baptist Churches (GARBC) - one of several Baptist groups in North America retaining the name Regular Baptist. The impact of modernism on the Northern Baptist Convention (now called American Baptist Churches in the USA) led to the eventual withdrawal of a number of conservative and fundamentalist churches. ...

Independent (non-aligned) Baptist churches

Main article: Independent Baptist

Independent Baptist churches are completely independent of any association or group, though they usually maintain some sort of fellowship with like-minded churches. They share the traditional Baptist doctrinal distinctives, but they adhere to what they see as a Biblical principle of churches' individuality. It has been suggested that Independent Fundamental Baptist be merged into this article or section. ...

Independent Baptists believe that this approach to ministry leaves pastors and people in the church free to work as a local ministry, instead of national work, which, in their view, can be less efficient.

Independent Baptists are strictly biblicist in their theology, adhering to the traditional Baptist understanding of the Bible and of faith. The same doctrinal variations that exist within (or between) the Baptist associations exist among Independent Baptists.

Independent Baptists operate educational institutions such as:

• Hyles Anderson College, Crown Point, Indiana
• Northland Baptist Bible College, Dunbar, Wisconsin,
• Pensacola Christian College, Pensacola, Florida
• Providence Baptist College, Elgin, Illinois

Hyles-Anderson College is an unaccredited Bible college in unincorporated St. ... Crown Point is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. ... Northland Baptist Bible College is an independent fundamentalist Baptist college in Dunbar, Wisconsin founded in 1976. ... Dunbar is a town located in Marinette County, Wisconsin. ... Pensacola Christian College (PCC) is an unaccredited, Independent Baptist[2][3] college in Pensacola, Florida, founded in 1974 by Arlin Horton. ... Nickname: The City of Five Flags Location of Pensacola (top left) in Florida Country United States State Florida County Escambia  - Mayor John Fogg Area    - City 39. ... Incorporated City in 1854. ...

References and notes

1. ^ http://www.redwoodlibrary.org/notables/clarke.htm
2. ^ Brackney, William H. (Baylor University, Texas). Baptists in North America: an historical perspective. Blackwell Publishing, 2006, p. 23. ISBN 1405118652
3. ^ [1]
4. ^ Atwood, Craig D., Frank S. Mead, and Samuel S. Hill. Handbook of Denominations in the United States, 12th ed. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2005.
5. ^ http://www.vbmb.org/rightchoice2.htm
6. ^ Fletcher, Jesse. The Southern Baptist Convention: A Sesquicentennial History. Broadman and Holman Publishers, 1994. p.74-75, 84-88.
7. ^ Barnes, W.W. The Southern Baptist Convention: 1845-1953. Broadman Press, 1954. p.136

External links on Baptists in the USA

• Map of USA showing Percentage of Baptist Population in each county