Knyaz Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly, called by the Russians as Mikhail Bogdanovich Barklay de Tolly (Михаи́л Богда́нович Баркла́й-де-То́лли) (1761 - 1818), Russian field marshal, was born in Livonia, a descendant of a Scottish family which had settled in Russia in the 17th century. He entered the Russian army at an early age. Kniaz’ or knyaz (Russian and Ukrainian: ; Serbian: knez; Romanian: cneaz; in fem. ... 1761 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1818 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Livonia (Latvian: Livonija; Estonian: Liivimaa; German: Livland; Polish: Inflanty; Russian: Лифляндия or Liflandiya) once was the land of the Finnic Livonians, but came in the Middle Ages to designate a much broader territory controlled by the Livonian Order on the eastern coasts of the Baltic Sea in present-day Latvia and... Scotland (Alba in Scottish Gaelic) is a country in northwest Europe and a constituent nation of the United Kingdom. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ...

In 1788 - 1789 Barclay served against the Turks, in 1790 and 1794 against the Swedes and Poles. He became a colonel in 1798 and a major-general in 1799. 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1790 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1798 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

In the war of 1806 against Napoleon, Barclay took a distinguished part in the Battle of Pultusk (December 1806) and was wounded at the Battle of Eylau (7 February 1807), where his conduct won him promotion to the rank of lieutenant-general. In 1808 he commanded against the Swedes in Finland, and in 1809 by a rapid and daring march over the frozen Gulf of Bothnia he surprised and seized Umeå. He was made Governor-General of Finland between 1809 and 1810. In 1810 he became minister of war, and he retained that post until 1813. 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Bonaparte as general, by Antoine-Jean Gros. ... The Battle of Pułtusk took place on December 26, 1806 near Pułtusk, Russians with 120 guns under General Bennigsen, and 35,000 French under Marshal Lannes. ... Battle of Eylau Conflict Napoleonic Wars Date February 7, 1807 – February 8, 1807 Place Eylau, Poland Result Inconclusive The Battle of Eylau, fought on February 7–8, 1807, was a bloody and inconclusive contest between the forces of Napoléon and a mostly Russian army under Austria assisted by Russia), and... February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1808 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Categories: Finland geography stubs | Sweden geography stubs | Seas | Baltic Sea ... Image from Holmsund UmeÃ¥ Municipality  listen? [˘ʉmÉ™oː] is a municipality in northern Sweden named after the largest City and seat of government UmeÃ¥. Geography UmeÃ¥ is located some 600 km north of Stockholm at 63°50′ N 20°15′ E. It is situated on an inlet of the Gulf... The Governor-General of Finland was the head of the Senate of Finland, the government in the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland, between 1808 and 1917. ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

During Napoleon's Invasion of Russia in 1812 Barclay was the command of the 1st Army of the West, the largest of the Russian armies facing Napoleon. Barclay proposed the now famous scorched earth tactic of drawing the enemy deep into one's own territory. Russians keenly opposed the appointment of a foreigner as commander-in-chief, and after Barclay was forced to engage Napoleon at Smolensk (17 - 18 August 1812) and defeated, the great outcry caused him to resign his command and take a subordinate place under the veteran Kutuzov. Scorched earth is a military tactic which involves destroying anything that might be useful to the enemy whilst advancing through or withdrawing from an area. ... The First Battle of Smolensk took place on August 17, 1812, between 175,000 French under Napoleon Bonaparte and 130,000 Russians under Prince Bagration, of whom about 50,000 and 60,000 respectively were actually engaged. ... August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1812 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Mikhail Kutuzov Knyaz Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov (Russian: ) (September 16, 1745 – April 28, 1813 (n. ...

Barclay was present at the Battle of Borodino (7 September 1812), but left the army soon afterwards. In 1813 his honor was restored by the Czar. He was re-employed in the field and took part in the campaign in Germany. After the Battle of Bautzen (21 May 1813) he once again became commander-in-chief of the Russian forces, and in this capacity he served at Dresden (26 - 27 August 1813), Kulm (29 - 30 August 1813) and Leipzig (16 - 19 October 1813). After the last battle he became a count. Another Battle of Borodino took place in October 1941. ... September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... 1812 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Battle of Bautzen was fought on May 21, French victory under Napoléon Bonaparte against the Kingdom of Prussians and Russians. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Battle of Dresden was fought on August 26_27, 1813, and resulted in a French victory under Austrians, Russians and Prussians under General Schwartzenberg. ... August 27 is the 239th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (240th in leap years), with 126 days remaining. ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Battle of Kulm was a battle of the Napoleonic Wars. ... August 30 is the 242nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (243rd in leap years), with 123 days remaining. ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Battle of Leipzig (16-19 October 1813), also called the Battle of the Nations, was the largest conflict in the Napoleonic Wars and the most decisive defeat suffered by Napoleon Bonaparte. ... October 19 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... // Definition A count is a nobleman in most European countries, equivalent in rank to a British earl, whose wife is still a countess (for lack of an Anglo-saxon term). ...

Barclay took part in the invasion of France in 1814 and at Paris received the baton of a Field Marshal. In 1815 he again served as commander-in-chief of the Russian army which invaded France, and was created knyaz (prince) at the close of the war. He died at Insterburg in Prussia on 16 May (Old Style 4 May) 1818. 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Baton is the name of one of two leaders of the Illyrian uprising against the Romans in Pannonia in 6 AD. The term baton refers to any of several types of cylindrical or tapered instruments composed of a wide variety of materials, and of differing functions: A baton (billy, billy... Note: This article is about the military usage of the word marshal. For other usages, see the end of this article. ... 1815 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Kniaz’ or knyaz (Russian and Ukrainian: ; Serbian: knez; Romanian: cneaz; in fem. ... For other meanings, see Prince (disambiguation). ... Chernyakhovsk is a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, which before 1945 was known by its German name, Insterburg and was in East Prussia. ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (German: Preußen or Preussen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: Prūsai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad exclave of... May 16 is the 136th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (137th in leap years). ... May 4 is the 124th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (125th in leap years). ... 1818 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...

Barclay adopted the son of his lieutenant because he had no heir. The family name was continued as Barclay de Tolly-Weymarn.

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...