Series on Celtic mythology

Celtic polytheism Celtic deities Celtic mythology is the mythology of Celtic polytheism, apparently the religion of the Iron Age Celts. ... Image File history File links Hope-coventina01a. ... Celtic polytheism refers to the religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Celts. ... The gods and goddesses of Celtic mythology are known from a variety of sources. ...

Ancient Celtic religion

Druids · Bards · Vates British Iron Age religion Celtic religious patterns Gallo-Roman religion Romano-British religion Two druids, from an 1845 publication, based on a bas-relief found at Autun, France. ... Vates - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... In the British Isles, the Iron Age lasted from about the 7th century BC until the Roman conquest and until the 5th century in non-Romanised parts. ... This article is about the European people. ... Gallo-Roman religion was a fusion of Roman religious forms and modes of worship with Gaulish deities from Celtic polytheism. ... Principal sites in Roman Britain Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between 43 and 410. ...

British mythology

Welsh mythology Breton mythology Mabinogion · Taliesin Cad Goddeu Trioedd Ynys Prydein Matter of Britain · King Arthur Welsh mythology, the remnants of the mythology of the pre-Christian Britons, has come down to us in much altered form in medieval Welsh manuscripts such as the Red Book of Hergest, the White Book of Rhydderch, the Book of Aneirin and the Book of Taliesin. ... Breton mythology is the mythology or corpus of explanatory and herioc tales originating in Brittany, now in France. ... The Mabinogion is a collection of prose stories from medieval Welsh manuscripts. ... Taliesin or Taliessin (c. ... Cad Goddeu (Welsh: The Battle of the Trees) is a sixth-century Welsh poem from the Book of Taliesin. ... The Welsh Triads (Welsh, Trioedd Ynys Prydein) is used to describe any of the related Medieval collection of groupings of three that preserve a major portion of Welsh folklore and Welsh literature. ... The Arthurian legend or the Matter of Britain is a name given collectively to the legends that concern the Celtic and legendary history of the British Isles, especially those focused on King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table. ... A bronze Arthur in plate armour with visor raised and with jousting shield wearing Kastenbrust armour (early 15th century) by Peter Vischer, typical of later anachronistic depictions of Arthur. ...

Gaelic mythology

Irish mythology Scottish mythology Tuatha Dé Danann Mythological Cycle Ulster Cycle Fenian Cycle Immrama · Echtrae The mythology of pre-Christian Ireland did not entirely survive the conversion to Christianity, but much of it was preserved, shorn of its religious meanings, in medieval Irish literature, which represents the most extensive and best preserved of all the branches of Celtic mythology. ... Scottish mythology consists of the myths and legends historically told by the people of Scotland. ... “Áes dána” redirects here. ... The Mythological Cycle is one of the four major cycles of Irish mythology, and is so called because it represents the remains of the pagan mythology of pre-Christian Ireland, although the gods and supernatural beings have been euhemerised by their Christian redactors into historical kings and heroes. ... The Ulster Cycle, formerly the Red Branch Cycle, is a large body of prose and verse centering around the traditional heroes of the Ulaid in what is now eastern Ulster. ... The Fenian Cycle also known as the Fionn Cycle, Finn Cycle, Fianna Cycle, Finnian Tales, Fian Tales, Féinne Cycle, Feinné Cycle, Ossianic Cycle and Fianaigecht, is a body of prose and verse centering on the exploits of the mythic hero Fionn mac Cumhaill and his warriors the Fianna Éireann. ... An Immram (pl. ... An Echtra or Echtrae (pl. ...

See also

Celt · Gaul Galatia · Celtiberians Early history of Ireland Prehistoric Scotland Prehistoric Wales This article is about the European people. ... Map of Gaul circa 58 BC Gaul (Latin: ) was the name given, in ancient times, to the region of Western Europe comprising present-day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Botorrita: Bronze plate with inscription. ... Newgrange, a famous Irish passage tomb built c3,200 BC // What little is known of pre-Christian Ireland comes from a few references in Roman writings, Irish poetry and myth, and archaeology. ... Archaeology and geology continue to reveal the secrets of prehistoric Scotland, uncovering a complex and dramatic past before the Romans brought Scotland into the scope of recorded history. ... Prehistoric Wales in terms of human settlements covers the period from about 225,000 years ago, the date attributed to the earliest human remains found in what is now Wales, to the year 48 when the Roman army began a campaign against one of the Welsh tribes. ... Index of related articles This box: view • talk • edit

The Bard (ca. 1817), by John Martin

For other meanings of the word, see Bard (disambiguation).

A bard was one of a caste of poets and scholars of medieval and early modern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 482 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (920 × 1145 pixel, file size: 148 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The Bard (ca. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 482 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (920 × 1145 pixel, file size: 148 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The Bard (ca. ... The Great Day of His Wrath, c. ... Look up bard in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Motto: (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity(English) Wha daur meddle wi me? (Scots)[1] Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic, Scots[2] Government  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... This article is about the country. ...

Etymology

The word is a loanword from Proto-Celtic *bardos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *g^werh₂: "to raise the voice; praise". The first recorded example is in 1449 from the Scottish Gaelic language into Lowland Scots, denoting an itinerant musician, usually with a contemptuous connotation. A Scots ordinance of ca. 1500 orders that "All vagabundis, fulis, bardis, scudlaris, and siclike idill pepill, sall be brint on the cheek". The word subsequently entered the English language via Scottish English. A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one language from another with little or no translation. ... The Proto-Celtic language, also called Common Celtic, is the putative ancestor of all the known Celtic languages. ... The Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) is the hypothetical common ancestor of the Indo-European languages. ... Events January 6 - Constantine XI is crowned Byzantine Emperor. ... // Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. ... Scots refers to the Anglic varieties spoken in parts of Scotland. ... Look up itinerant in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Scottish English is usually taken to mean the standard form of the English language used in Scotland, often termed Scottish Standard English. ...

Secondly, in medieval Welsh and Gaelic society, a bard (Scottish Gaelic or Irish Gaelic bard, Welsh bardd) was a professional poet, employed to compose eulogies for his lord (see planxty). If the employer failed to pay the proper amount, the bard would then compose a satire. (c. f. fili, fáith). In other European societies, the same function was fulfilled by skalds, rhapsodes, minstrels, etc. This article is about the country. ... The Gaels are an ethno-linguistic group which spread from Ireland to Scotland and the Isle of Man. ... Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. ... Irish () is a Goidelic language spoken in Ireland. ... Welsh redirects here, and this article describes the Welsh language. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A Lord (Laird in some Scottish contexts) is a male who has power and authority. ... Planxty was an Irish folk music band formed in the 1970s by Christy Moore, Donal Lunny, Andy Irvine (a founder of the Irish mid-sixties group Sweeneys Men), and Liam OFlynn (piper). ... 1867 edition of the satirical magazine Punch, a British satirical magazine, ground-breaking on popular literature satire. ... A fili was a member of an elite class of poets in Ireland, up into the Renaissance, when the Irish class system was dismantled. ... The earliest Latin writers used vates to denote prophets and soothsayers in general; the word fell into disuse in Latin until it was revived by Virgil [1]. Then Ovid could describe himself as the vates of Eros (Amores 3. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... The skald was a member of a group of courtly poets, whose poetry is associated with the courts of Scandinavian and Icelandic leaders during the Viking age, who composed and performed renditions of aspects of what we now characterise as Old Norse poetry. ... In classical antiquity, a rhapsode was a professional reciter of poetry, especially the epics of Homer, but also the wisdom-verse of Hesiod and the satires of Archilochus, among others. ... FUCK YOU BITCHES ...

Bards were those who sang the songs recalling the tribal warriors' deeds of bravery as well as the genealogies and family histories of the ruling strata among Celtic societies. The ancient Celtic peoples recorded no written histories; however, Celtic peoples did maintain an often intricate spoken history committed to memory and transmitted by bards. Bards facilitated the memorization of such materials by the use of poetic meter and rhyme. This article is about the European people. ... The Chinese poem Quatrain on Heavenly Mountain by Emperor Gaozong (Song Dynasty) Poetry (from the Greek , poiesis, making or creating) is a form of art in which language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its ostensible meaning. ...

During the era of Romanticism, when knowledge of Celtic culture was overlaid by legends and fictions, the word was reintroduced into the West Germanic languages, this time directly into the English language, in the sense of "lyric poet", idealised by writers such as the Scottish romantic novelist Sir Walter Scott. The word was taken from Latin bardus, Greek bardos, in turn loanwords from the Gaulish language, describing a class of Celtic priest (c. f. druid, vates). From this romantic use came the epitheton The Bard applied to William Shakespeare and Robert Burns. Wanderer above the sea of fog by Caspar David Friedrich Romanticism is an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in 18th century Western Europe. ... Muiredacha Cross. ... Look up Legend in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Fiction (from the Latin fingere, to form, create) is storytelling of imagined events and stands in contrast to non-fiction, which makes factual claims about reality. ... Motto: (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity(English) Wha daur meddle wi me? (Scots)[1] Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic, Scots[2] Government  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... Wanderer above the sea of fog by Caspar David Friedrich Romanticism is an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in 18th century Western Europe. ... For the first Premier of Saskatchewan see Thomas Walter Scott Sir Walter Scott (August 14, 1771 - September 21, 1832) was a prolific Scottish historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... Gaulish is the name given to the Celtic language that was spoken in Gaul before the Vulgar Latin of the late Roman Empire became dominant in Roman Gaul. ... This article is about the European people. ... . ... Two druids, from an 1845 publication, based on a bas-relief found at Autun, France. ... Vates - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Linguistics An epithet (Greek and Latin epitheton; literally meaning imposed ) is a descriptive word or lapidary phrase, often metaphoric, that is essentially a reduced or condensed appositive. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Robert Burns, foremost Scottish poet Robert Burns (January 25, 1759 – July 21, 1796) was a poet and a lyricist. ...

Irish bards

See also Bardic poetry.

Irish bards formed a professional hereditary caste of highly trained, learned poets. The bards were steeped in the history and traditions of clan and country, as well as in the technical requirements of a verse technique that was syllabic and used assonance, half rhyme and alliteration. As officials of the court of king or chieftain, they performed a number of official roles. They were chroniclers and satirists whose job it was to praise their employers and damn those who crossed them. It was believed that a well-aimed bardic satire, glam dicin, could raise boils on the face of its target. However, much of their work would not strike the modern reader as being poetry at all, consisting as it does of extended genealogies and almost journalistic accounts of the deeds of their lords and ancestors. Bardic Poetry refers to the writings of poets trained in the Bardic Schools of Ireland and the Gaelic parts of Scotland, as they existed down to about the middle of the 17th century, or, in Scotland, the early 18th century. ... Caste systems are traditional, hereditary systems of social stratification, enforced by law or common practice, based on classifications such as occupation, race, ethnicity, etc. ... A clan is a group of people united by kinship and descent, which is defined by perceived descent from a common ancestor. ... Syllabic verse is a poetic form having a fixed number of syllables per line or stanza regardless of the number of stresses that are present. ... Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds in non-rhyming words as in, some ship in distress that cannot live. ... Half rhyme, sometimes known as slant rhyme, sprung rhyme or less commonly eye rhyme, is consonance on the final consonants of the words involved. ... Alliteration is a structuring device characterized by the reiteration of the initial consonant at the beginning of two consecutive or slightly separated words. ... Generally a chronicle (Latin chronica, from Greek Χρόνος) is historical account of facts and events in chronological order. ... 1867 edition of the satirical magazine Punch, a British satirical magazine, ground-breaking on popular literature satire. ...

The bardic schools were extinct by the mid 17th century in Ireland and by the early 18th century in Scotland.

Revival

In modern Wales the Gorsedd of Bards is a society whose honorary membership is extended to those who have done great things for Wales. A gorsedd (SAMPA /gO:rsED/), occasionally spelled gorseth, plural gorseddau, is a community of bards. ...

In the 20th Century, the word lost much of its original connotation of Celtic revivalism or Romanticism, and could refer to any professional poet or singer, sometimes in a mildly ironic tone. In the Soviet Union, singers who were outside the establishment were called bards from the 1960s. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... The Celtic Revival, also known as the Irish Literary Revival, was begun by Lady Gregory, Edward Martyn and William Butler Yeats in Ireland in 1896. ... Irony, from the Greek εἴρων (iron), is a literary or rhetorical device made of iron, in which there is a gap or incongruity between what a speaker or a writer says, and what is generally understood (either at the time, or in the later context of history). ... The Establishment is a slang term (chiefly in British and Commonwealth English) for a traditional conservative ruling class and its institutions. ... Bulat Okudzhava, a pioneer of the Bard genre For other meanings of the word, see Bard (disambiguation). ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ...

Bards make up one of the three grades of the Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids, a Neo-Druidic order based in England. The Order of Bards Ovates & Druids or OBOD is a Druidic order based in England. ... A group of British druids, congregating to celebrate the summer solstice at stonehenge. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ...

The Bard became attached as a title to various 18th and 19th century poets,

• The Bard of Ayrshire (or in Scotland, simply The Bard) is Robert Burns
• The Bard of Olney is William Cowper
• The Bard of Rydal Mount is William Wordsworth
• The Bard of Twickenham is Alexander Pope

William Shakespeare is also known as The Bard of Avon (or in England, simply The Bard) Robert Burns, foremost Scottish poet Robert Burns (January 25, 1759 – July 21, 1796) was a poet and a lyricist. ... Portrait of William Cowper attributed to Romney. ... William Wordsworth (April 7, 1770 – April 23, 1850) was a major English romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication, Lyrical Ballads. ... Alexander Pope, an English poet best known for his Essay on Criticism and Rape of the Lock Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 – 30 May 1744) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the early eighteenth century, best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

Fictional bards

• Gabrielle in the TV show Xena: Warrior Princess
• Kevin the bard from Marion Zimmer Bradley's The Mists of Avalon
• Arithon s'Ffallenn Master Bard of Athera from Janny Wurts' The Wars of Light and Shadow
• Starling Birdsong from Robin Hobb's The Farseer Trilogy
• Laurie in Raymond E. Feist's book Magician
• Edward in the video game Final Fantasy IV
• Nils in the video game Fire Emblem: Rekka no Ken and Prince Mildain aka Elphin in its prequel Fire Emblem: Fuuin no Tsurugi
• Peppers in the video game LOTRO.
• Several characters in the Bardic Voices Trilogy by Mercedes Lackey
• Fflewdder Fflam in the Prydain series, written by Lloyd Alexander

This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Xena. ... Final Fantasy IV ) is a console role-playing game developed and published by Square Co. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Fire Emblem: Fuuin no Turugi, is the Japanese title of a game from the Fire Emblem series. ... The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar (LotRO) is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) set in J. R. R. Tolkiens Middle-earth during the time of The Lord of the Rings. ... Mercedes Lackey Mercedes Lackey (born June 24, 1950) (also known as Misty Lackey) is a prolific American author of fantasy novels. ... Prydain is the Welsh name of the island of Britain. ... Book cover of The High King Lloyd Chudley Alexander (born January 30, 1924) is the author of a number of fantasy books for children and adolescents, as well as several adult novels. ...

Modern bards

• Brobdingnagian Bards

The Brobdingnagian Bards are a Celtic music group from Austin, Texas. ...

See also

• Contention of the bards
• Aois-dàna
• Charan
• Druid
• Vates
• Fili
• Gorsedd
• Gorseth Kernow

in other cultures: The Contention of the Bards (in Irish, Iomarbhágh na bhFileadh) was a literary controversy of early 17th century Gaelic Ireland, lasting from 1616 to 1624 (probably peaking in 1617), in which the principal bardic poets of the country engaged in a bout of polemical versifying against each other and... Disambiguation: you may also be looking for Aosdána or Aes Dana The Aois-dàna (Gaelic, meaning lit. ... Chāraņ (plural Charans; Hindi:) is a name of a caste living in Gujarat and Rajasthan states of India. ... Two druids, from an 1845 publication, based on a bas-relief found at Autun, France. ... Vates - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... A fili was a member of an elite class of poets in Ireland, up into the Renaissance, when the Irish class system was dismantled. ... A gorsedd (SAMPA /gO:rsED/), occasionally spelled gorseth, plural gorseddau, is a community of bards. ... Gorseth Kernow is a Cornish organization, which exists to maintain the national Celtic spirit of Cornwall. ...

• Minstrel, Skald, Rhapsode, Udgatar, Griot

FUCK YOU BITCHES ... The skald was a member of a group of courtly poets, whose poetry is associated with the courts of Scandinavian and Icelandic leaders during the Viking age, who composed and performed renditions of aspects of what we now characterise as Old Norse poetry. ... In classical antiquity, a rhapsode was a professional reciter of poetry, especially the epics of Homer, but also the wisdom-verse of Hesiod and the satires of Archilochus, among others. ... The priests of Vedic religion, known as purohita, are divided into several types: The Hotar is the chief priest, presiding the sacrifice. ... This page is about the West African poets. ...

External links

• Irish Bardic Poetry Corpus of Electronic Texts, University College Cork.

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