?Bardhaman West Bengal • India
Bardhaman
Coordinates: 23°14′18″N 87°51′39″E / 23.23833, 87.86083
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area • Elevation	56 km² (22 sq mi) • 30 m (98 ft)
District(s)	Bardhaman District
Population • Density	331,759 (2001) • 5,924/km² (15,343/sq mi)
Municipality Chairman	Abhijit Karmakar
Codes • Pincode • Telephone • Vehicle	• 7131xx • +91-0342 • WB42

Coordinates: 23°14′18″N 87°51′39″E / 23.23833, 87.86083 Bardhaman (also Barddhaman; Bengali: বর্ধমান Bôrdhoman), is a city of West Bengal state in eastern India. It is the headquarters of Bardhaman District. , West Bengal (Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchimbôŋgo) is a state in eastern India. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links India_West_Bengal_locator_map. ... Image File history File links Locator_Dot. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Location of Mirzapur and the 82. ... The geography of India is diverse, with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts, plains, rainforests, hills, and plateaus. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 1,000 km² and 10,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... The divisions of a district. ... Bardhaman is a district in West Bengal. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and also: The International Year of the Volunteer The United Nations Year of Dialogue Among Civilizations Events January January 1 - A black monolith measuring approximately nine feet tall appears in Seattles Magnuson Park, placed by an anonymous... Example of a PIN: The PIN code of Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh A Postal Index Number or PIN or Pincode is the post office numbering or post code system used by the Indian Postal Service. ... For the past decade or so, telecommunication activities have gained momentum in India. ... Licence plates on the back of a taxi in Kolkata. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Bengali or Bangla (IPA: ) is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from the Magadhi Prakrit, Pāli and Sanskrit languages. ... , West Bengal (Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchimbôŋgo) is a state in eastern India. ... Bardhaman is a district in West Bengal. ...

Bardhaman has been a district capital since the time of Mughals. Later on it became a district headquarters of British India. Burdwan is an alternative name for the city, which remains in use from the British period. The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ... Anthem God Save The Queen/King British India, circa 1860 Capital Calcutta (1858-1912), New Delhi (1912-1947) Language(s) Hindi, Urdu, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India  - 1877-1901 Victoria  - 1901-1910 Edward VII  - 1910-1936 George V  - January-December 1936 Edward VIII  - 1936-1947 George...

Geography

Barddhaman is located at 23.25° N 87.85° E^[1]. It has an average elevation of 40 metres (131 feet). The city is situated a little less than 100 km north-west of Kolkata on the Grand Trunk Road (NH-2) and Eastern Railway. The chief rivers are the Damodar and Banka nala. This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... , “Calcutta” redirects here. ... The Grand Trunk Road (abbreviated to GT Road in common usage) is one of South Asias oldest and longest major roads. ... Damodar River rises from the Chota Nagpur plateau of the Jharkhand state of India. ...

Demographics

As of 2001 India census^[2], Bardhaman had a population of 285,871. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Bardhaman has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 55% of the males and 45% of females literate. 9% of the population is under 6 years of age. 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and also: The International Year of the Volunteer The United Nations Year of Dialogue Among Civilizations Events January January 1 - A black monolith measuring approximately nine feet tall appears in Seattles Magnuson Park, placed by an anonymous... Image:1870 census Lindauer Weber 01. ...

Name

• Burdwan is an anglicised version of the Sanskrit Vardhamana and the corresponding Bôrdhoman in Bengali.
• The origin of this name dates back to sixth century BCE and is ascribed to Vardhamanswami or Mahavira, the twenty-fourth Jain Tirthankar, who spent some time in Astikagrama, according to the Jain scripture of Kalpasutra. This place was renamed as Vardhamana in his honour.
• A second view holds the literal meaning of the name, a prosperous and growing centre, to argue that this place represented a frontier colony of the progress of aryanisation through the upper Ganges River Valley. However, the Aryans failed to proceed further east. So, the name was retained.

The first epigraphic reference to the name of this place occurs in a 6th century AD copper-plate found in Mallasarul village under Galsi Police Station. Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Bengali or Bangla (IPA: ) is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from the Magadhi Prakrit, Pāli and Sanskrit languages. ... Idol of Lord Mahavira at Shri Mahaveerji (the holy town in Rajasthan named after Mahavira. ... JAIN is an activity within the Java Community Process, developing APIs for the creation of telephony (voice and data) services. ... The 24 Jinas carved on a rock in Ginjee, Tamilnadu In Jainism, a Tirthankar (Fordmaker) (also Tirthankara or Jina) is a human who by adopting asceticism achieves enlightenment (perfect knowledge), thus becoming a Jina (one who has conquered his inner enemies - anger, pride, deceit, desire etc. ... Harinegamesin Takes the Embryo of Mahavira from Devananda and Brings it to Queen Trisala, Folio from a Kalpasutra (Book of Sacred Precepts) Date circa 1450, from Collection of LACMA. Kalpasutra is a Jain ancient text book containing the life and history of the Jain Tirthankars. ... This article is about the river. ...

Archeological evidences suggest that this region, forming a major part of Radh Bengal, could be traced even back to 4000-2000 BCE.

Culture

Burdwan has a multi-cultural heritage. The deuls (temples of rekha type) found here are reminiscent of Buddhist architecture. The various mosques and tombs remind us of Muslim culture. The old temples bear signs of Hinduism, mostly belonging to the Sakta and Vaishnava community. Buddhist religious architecture developed in the Indian subcontinent in the third century BCE. Two types of structures are associated with early Buddhism: stupas and viharas. ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Hinduism (known as in modern Indian languages[1]) is a religious tradition[2] that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ... Lakshmi is a common aspect of Shakti Shakti meaning force, power or energy is the Hindu concept or personification of Gods female aspect, sometimes referred to as The Divine Mother. Shakti represents the active, dynamic principles of feminine power. ... Vaishnavism is the branch of Hinduism in which Vishnu or one of his avatars (i. ...

The famous Sufi Pir Baharam's tomb is here. The controversy on Kankaleswari Kali of whether it originally belonged to the Jains or Tantriks indicates again the town's multifaceted heritage. Tantrik is a man who is usually associated with black magic and practices of the occult. ...

Burdwan witnessed, experienced and survived numerous violent conflicts, mainly due to Mughal, Pashtun and Maratha invaders. The town of Bardhaman was visited by notables of the Delhi Sultanate from Raja Todarmal to Daud Karnani, from Sher Afgan and Kutub-ud-din to Ajimuswan to the future Mughal emperor Shah Jahan while he was still a rebel. The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ... The Pashtuns (also Pushtun, Pakhtun, ethnic Afghan, or Pathan) are an ethno-linguistic group consisting mainly of eastern Iranian stock living primarily in eastern and southern Afghanistan, and the North West Frontier Province, Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Baluchistan provinces of Pakistan. ... The Marāthās (Marathi: , also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a the expansive Maratha Empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries. ... The Delhi Sultanate (دلی سلطنت), or Sulthanath-e-Hind (سلطنتِ ہند) / Sulthanath-e-Dilli (سلطنتِ دلی) refers to the various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India from 1210 to 1526. ... Shahabuddin Mohammed Shah Jahan (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan. ...

The celebrated tombs of Sher Afgan and Kutub-ud-din lying side by side in this township relate to the celebrated love-story of Mihr-ul-Nissa and the Mughal emperor Jahangir. Sher Afgan, the first husband of Mihr-ul-Nissa, perished in the wake of the love triangle. She later ruled India as Jahangir's wife, but with a new name Noor Jahan (Light of the World) commensurate with her beauty and culture. n ... Mughal empress Nur Jehan. ...

History

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Burdwan.

During period of Jahangir this place was named Badh-e-dewan (district headquarters). The town owes its historical importance to being the headquarters of the Maharajas of Burdwan, the premier noblemen of lower Bengal, whose rent-roll was upwards of 300,000. Bardhaman Raj was founded in 1657 by Sangam Rai, of the Kapoor Khatri family of Kotli in Lahore, Punjab, whose descendants served in turn the Mughal Emperors and the British government. The great prosperity of the raj was due to the excellent management of Maharaja Mahtab Chand (d. 1879), whose loyalty to the government especially during the “Hul” (Santhal rebellion) of 1855-56 and the Indian rebellion of 1857 was rewarded with the grant of a coat of arms in 1868 and the right to a personal salute of 13 guns in 1877. Maharaja Bijai Chand Mahtab (b. 1881), who succeeded his adoptive father in 1888, earned great distinction by the courage with which he risked his life to save that of Sir Andrew Fraser, the lieutenant-governor of Bengal, on the occasion of the attempt to assassinate him made by Bengali malcontents on 7 November 1908. Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... Bardhaman Raj (also known as Burdwan Raj) flourished from 1657 to 1955 – for almost 300 years, first under the Mughals and then under the British. ...   (Urdu: لاہور, Punjabi: لہور, pronounced ) is the capital of the province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. ... This article is about the geographical region. ... The following list of Indian monarchs is one of several Wikipedia lists of incumbents. ... The United Kingdom is a unitary state and a democratic constitutional monarchy. ... The Santhal rebellion was a short-lived rebellion in India. ... Combatants Rebellious East India Company Sepoys, 7 Indian princely states, deposed rulers of Oudh and Jhansi. ...

Mahtab Chand Bahadur and later Bijoy Chand Mahtab struggled their best to make this region culturally, economically and ecologically healthier. The chief educational institution was the Burdwan Raj college, which was entirely supported out of the maharaja's estate. Sadhak Kamalakanta as composer of devotional songs and Kashiram Das as a poet and translator of the great Mahabharata were possibly the best products of such an endeavour. The society at large also continued to gain the fruits. We find, among others, the great rebellious poet Kazi Nazrul Islam and Kala-azar-famed U. N. Brahmachari as the relatively recent illustrious sons of this soil. The town became an important center of North-Indian classical music as well. Bardhaman Raj (also known as Burdwan Raj) flourished from 1657 to 1955 – for almost 300 years, first under the Mughals and then under the British. ... Bardhaman Raj (also known as Burdwan Raj) flourished from 1657 to 1955 – for almost 300 years, first under the Mughals and then under the British. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... For the film by Peter Brook, see The Mahabharata (1989 film). ... Nazrul playing a flute, Chittagong, 1926 Kazi Nazrul Islam (Bangla: কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম) (b. ... The origins of Indian classical music can be found from the oldest of scriptures, part of the Hindu tradition, the Vedas. ...

Places of interest

• The famous Shrine of Sarvamangala, said to contain the remnant of Sati's body, the umbilicus, is situated here. Aside this, there are quite a number of temples and Sivalingams.
• The Curzon Gate built in honour of the visit of Lord Curzon.
• The palaces and gardens of the maharaja Golapbag.
• Burdwan is a town of tanks. Several tanks are scattered here and there across the town. These caught the attention of Victor Jacquemont, a young French natural scientist, who visited this town in November 1829.
• At Nawab Hat, On the Burdwan-Siuri NH, some 2 mile from rail station, is a group of 108 Siva lingam temples built in 1788 popularly known as 108 Shiva Temple. Here each year a week long festival is celebrated on the occasion of "Maha-Shivratri".

• One must also know about a small village of burdhaman called "Panchkula" where Gajan-Festival is celebrated with huge passion during the month of May-June. For more Information log to Panchkula[1]
• Shrine and Pir Bahram and Sher Afghan.
• Barddhaman have a planetarium named after India's emminent scietist Meghnad Saha. It is the second planetarium of the state after Kolkata's "Birla planetarium".

• There is a village called Arraha in the Bhatar Block where a very famous festival "Dharmarajer-Gajan" is celebrated.

George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston (January 11, 1859 - March 20, 1925), was a conservative British statesman and sometime Viceroy of India. ... Victor Jacquemont (1801-1832) was a French botanist and geologist. ... Linga worship (Estate of Cynthia and Harlen Welsh) Lingam or Linga (Sanskrit: Gender as in purusha-linga : Phallus) by some etymologists, is used as a symbol for the worship of the Hindu God Shiva. ...

Food

• Sitabhog and Mihidana are two famous sweets of Burdwan, introduced first in honour of the Raj family. Shaktigarh's Langcha is another local speciality.
• Rice is the staple food of Bengal and is main agricultural produce of Burdwan district.

Langcha is a sweet , orginaly created in a small village Shaktigarh in Burdwan District. ... RICE is a treatment method for soft tissue injury which is an abbreviation for Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation. ...

The New Burdwan

Burdwan town, the heart of the district is also growing now. With an increasing number of people opting for better residential spaces and higher living standards. The Govt. of West Bengal is trying to bring in many new projects to facilitate the growth of Burdwan Township. Two large developments on a Public Private Partnership are coming up on the NH 2 connecting Kolkata and Delhi, on which Burdwan town lies. One of these is a Bus Terminus, with retail and other hospitality services. The other is a Mini Township at Goda, Burdwan. Also on the highway, this 250+ Acre mini township is being Developed by Bengal Shrachi Housing Dev. Ltd. It will revolutionise the way people see residential units in Burdwan. The Burdwan Development Authority is also playing a big role in these PPP projects.

In brief, the future for Burdwan looks extremely bright in terms of contemporary development.

Education

University

• Burdwan University started on 15 June 1960, with Sukumar Sen, an ICS, as its first Vice-chancellor. It was after the abolition of the Zamindari system in the fifties that Uday Chand Mahtab, the last representative of the Burdwan Raj, showed his magnanimity in leaving almost his entire property of Burdwan at the disposal of the state government. This, coupled with the initiative of the then Chief Minister of West Bengal, Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, facilitated the establishment of this university. Presently, the administrative works are mostly done at Rajbati (the palace of Barddhamana Maharaja) campus; on the other hand, academic activities center around the Golapbag campus mainly. With social responsibilities in mind, the university actively patronised the construction of a Science Centre and a Planetarium, named as Meghnad Saha Planetarium.

Zamindar, also known as Zemindar, Zamindari, or the Zamindari System (Persian: زمیندار) were employed by the Mughals to collect taxes from peasants. ... Bardhaman Raj (also known as Burdwan Raj) flourished from 1657 to 1955 – for almost 300 years, first under the Mughals and then under the British. ... Magnanimity is the generosity of the victor to the defeated. ...

Schools

• Kendriya Vidyalaya Burdwan- CBSE
• St. Xaviers School - ICSE and ISC
• Burdwan Municipal High School - West Bengal Board
• Burdwan Municipal Girls' High School - West Bengal Board
• Burdwan CMS High School (Main), B. C. Road - West Bengal Board
• Burdwan CMS High School (Morning), Golapbag - West Bengal Board
• Burdwan Town School - West Bengal Board
• Raj Collegiate School - West Bengal Board
• Ramkrishna Saradapith Uchha Vidyala - West Bengal Board
• Holy Rock School - ICSE
• East West Model School - ICSE and ISC
• Bidyarthi Girls School
• Bidyarthi Bhaban High School
• Burdwan Rose Garten School
• Kshetia High School
• High Madrasa

St. ... Burdwan Municipal High School is one of the oldest schools in India, Burdwan Municipal High School was established in 1883 by the efforts of Bardhaman Municipal Authority. ... Burdwan Municipal Girls High School is one of the oldest schools in India, having been established on 26th August 1948(?) by the efforts of Bardhaman Municipal Authority. ...

Colleges

• Burdwan Medical College
• Maharaj Bijoy Chand Institute of Engineering & Technology - Polytechnic College
• University Institute of Technology - Engineering Degree College
• University Law College
• Maharaj Uday Chand Women's College
• Burdwan Raj College
• Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya
• Burdwan Homoeopathic College
• bwm

Politics

Bardhaman has two state assembly seats – Bardhaman North and Bardhaman South.

Pradip Tah of CPI (M) won the Bardhaman North seat defeating his nearest rival Deb Narayan Guha of AITC in the 2006 assembly elections. In 2001 and 1996, Nisith Adhikary of CPI (M) defeated Lakshmi Nayatan Nayek and Raimoni Das (both of INC) in the respective years. In 1991 and 1987, Benoy Krishna Chowdhury of CPI (M) defeated Sadhan Ghosh and Santosh Saha Sikdar (both of INC) in the respective years. In 1987, Goswami Ramnarayan of CPI (M) defeated Lakshmi Narayan Rej of ICS. In 1977, Dwarka Nath Tah of CPI (M) won the seat defeating Sudhir Chandra Dawn of INC. ^[3] Kashinath Ta of INC won the seat in 1972. ^[4].Debabrata Dutta of CPI (M) won the seat in 1971 and 1969. ^{[5] [6]} Sahedullah of CPI (M) won the seat in 1967. ^[7] Prior to that thee was a single Bardhaman seat.

Nirupam Sen of CPI (M) won the Bradhaman South assembly seat in 2006 and 2001 state assembly elections defeating his nearest rivals Samir Kumar Roy and Paresh Chandra Sarkar (both of AITC) in the respective years. In 1996 and 1991, Shyamaprosad Bose of CPI (M) defeated Sadhan Kumar Ghosh and Shyamadas Banerjee (Both of INC) in respective years. In 1987, Nirupam Sen of CPI (M) defeated Pradip Bhattacharya of INC. In 1982 and 1977, Benoy Krishna Chowdhury of CPI (M) defeated Shyamadas Banerjee and Pradip Bhattacharya (both of INC) in the respective years. ^[8] Pradip Bhattacharya of INC won the seat in 1972. ^[9].Benoy Choudhuri of CPI (M) won the seat in 1971 and 1969. ^{[10] [11]} S.B.Chowdhury of INC won the seat in 1967. ^[12] Prior to that there was a single Bardhaman seat.

Radharani Mahtab of INC won the Bardhaman seat in 1962. ^[13] Benoy Choudhuri representing CPI won the seat in 1957 and 1952. ^{[14] [15]}

Nikhilananda Sar of CPI (M) won the Bardhaman (Lok Sabha constituency) in the 2004 general elections defeating his nearest rival Anindya Gopal Mitra of BJP. ^[16] Burdwan parliamentary constituency in West Bengal, - Results Burdwan Lok Sabha constituency is composed of the following assembly segments [2]: Bardhaman North Bardhaman South Memari Bhatar Khandaghosh Raina Jamalpur ^ Election Commission Lok Sabha election results 1977-2006 ^ General election to the Legislative Assembly, 2001 – List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also