Muntjac are deer of the genus Muntiacus, also known as Barking Deer. Muntjac are the oldest known deer, appearing 15-35 million years ago, with remains found in Miocene deposits in France and Germany.
The present-day species are native to Southeast Asia and can be found from India to southeast China, Taiwan and Indonesian islands. Reeves's Muntjac has been introduced to England and is now common in some areas there.
Ten species:
Indian Muntjac or Common Muntjac, Muntiacus muntjak
Reeves's Muntjac or Chinese Muntjac, Muntiacus reevesi
Hairy-fronted Muntjac or Black Muntjac, Muntiacus crinifrons
In deer that lack antlers (the musk deer and Chinese river deer), long upper canines serve as weapons.
The white-tailed deer that live in woodlands throughout the United States and in Central America and N South America was a source of food, buckskin, and other necessities for Native Americans and white settlers.
The mule deer exists in reduced numbers from the Plains region westward, and the closely related fl-tailed deer is a Pacific coast form.