Baron Brougham and Vaux is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was first created in 1830 for Henry Brougham so that he could sit in the House of Lords and serve as Lord Chancellor. In 1860, he was given a second barony of the same name, but with a special remainder to his brother William. At his death, the 1830 barony became extinct since he left no heirs, but the 1860 title passed to his brother and thereafter to his heirs.
Brougham conducted the lengthened inquiry which took place at the bar of the House, and he displayed on this occasion a mastery over the principles of political economy and international law which at that time was rare.
From that time, Brougham, in conjunction with Samuel Whitbread, became one of the princess's chief advisers; he was attached to her through an indignant sense of the wrongs and insults inflicted upon her by her husband.
Brougham's first act was to move for leave to bring in a bill to amend the representation of the people; but before the debate came on the government was defeated on another question; the duke resigned, and Earl Grey was commanded by William IV to form an administration.
Brougham's ideas on state-funded education were unpopular and the education bills that he introduced to Parliament in 1820, 1835, 1837, 1838 and 1839 were all defeated.
Brougham was responsible for the establishment of the central criminal court in London and the judicial committee of the Privy Council.
Brougham played an important role in persuading the House of Lords to pass the 1832 Reform Act; also he was one of the driving forces behind the passing of the Abolition of Slavery Act of 1833.
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