The Right Honourable Henry Sinclair Horne, 1st Baron Horne, GCB, KCMG (19 February 1861–14 August 1929) was a military officer in the British Army, most notable for his generalship during the First World War. He was the only British artillery officer to command an army in the war. Military Badge of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. ... On the Orders insignia, St Michael is often depicted subduing Satan. ... February 19 is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... August 14 is the 226th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (227th in leap years), with 139 days remaining. ... 1929 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British military. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... Historically, artillery refers to any engine used for the discharge of projectiles during war. ... A nations army is its military, or more specifically, all of its land forces. ...

Henry Horne was born in Caithness, Scotland, the third son of Major James Horne and Constance Mary Horne. He was first educated at the Harrow School, eventually receiving an artillery commission from the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich in May 1880. He married in 1897, and from 1899 to 1902, he fought with the cavalry in the Second Boer War, under Sir John French. In the latter stages of the war, he was mentioned in dispatches. Caithness (Gallaibh in Gaelic) is a traditional county and former administrative county within the Highland area of Scotland. ... Scotland (Alba in Scottish Gaelic) is a country in northwest Europe, occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain. ... Harrow School Chapel Harrow School is a British public school, located in Harrow on the Hill, in North West London. ... This article is about the month of May. ... 1880 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1897 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1899 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1902 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Italian cavalry officers practice their horsemanship in 1904 outside Rome. ... Boer guerrillas during the Second Boer War There were two Boer wars, one in 1880-81 and the second from October 11, 1899-1902 both between the British and the settlers of Dutch origin (called Boere, Afrikaners or Voortrekkers) in South Africa that put an end to the two independent... John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl of Ypres (September 28, 1852–May 22, 1925) was a British soldier and Field Marshal, the first commander of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in World War I. Lord French of Ypres Born in Ripple Vale, Kent. ... Mentioned in Dispatches (MID) is a military award for gallantry or otherwise commendable service. ...

In 1905, Horne was promoted to lieutenant colonel and served with the horse artillery under Sir Douglas Haig. His military career was relatively unremarkable until 1912, when he was promoted to brigadier and appointed Inspector of Artillery. War broke out two years later, and Horne was appointed to command a force of artillery under General Haig, who was commanding I Corps. At the Battle of Mons, Horne distinguished himself with a rear-guard action that allowed Haig's I Corps to retreat almost effortlessly; admittedly, however, the German Army made few attacks toward Haig's forces, as they were occupied by Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien's brave but costly defensive action. 1905 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... In the U.S. Army, Air Force and Marine Corps, a lieutenant colonel is a commissioned officer superior to a major and inferior to a colonel. ... Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig ( June 19, 1861 - January 28, 1928) was a British soldier and senior commander during World War I. He had independent wealth: his family manufactured Haig & Haig whisky. ... 1912 is a leap year starting on Monday. ... Brigadier is a rank in the British military, Australian Army, New Zealand Army, Canadian Armed Forces and several other Commonwealth armies ranking above Colonel and immediately below Major-General. ... The British I Corps has a long history, and was in existence as an active formation in the British Army for longer than any other corps. ... The Battle of Mons was the British Expeditionary Forces first major combat of the First World War. ... Heer is the German word for army. ... General Sir Horace Lockwood Smith-Dorrien (May 26, 1858–August 12, 1930) was a British soldier and commander of the British II Corps of the BEF during the Great War. ...

Horne fought with distinction in the British Expeditionary Force's actions throughout 1914; in October of that year, he was promoted to major general and created a Companion of the Order of the Bath. A few months later, he was given command of the 2nd Division. In May 1915, Horne's division participated in the first British night attack of the war, distinguishing itself at the Battle of Festubert, France; however, the attack faltered, partially because the artillery ran out of ammunition. The media launched vicious attacks on the Secretary of State for War, Lord Kitchener; the blame was eventually laid on General French, however, who was reassigned at the year's end. Significantly, the artillery were reorganised after this fiasco, at General Horne's suggestion. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was the British army sent to Belgium in World War I and British Forces in Europe from 1939 - 1940 during World War II. The BEF was established by Secretary of State for War Richard Haldane following the Boer War in case Britain ever needed to... 1914 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... October is the tenth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. ... Military Badge of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. ... The British 2nd Division was originally formed in 1809 by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington for service in the Peninsula War. ... This article is about the month of May. ... 1915 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The position of Secretary of State for War, commonly called War Secretary, a British cabinet-level position, first applied to Henry Dundas (appointed in 1794). ... Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum PC, KBE, KCB, ADC (June 24, 1850 - June 5, 1916) was a British Field Marshal and statesman. ...

In November of that year, General Horne accompanied Lord Kitchener to the Dardanelles, where they organised and executed the evacuation of Gallipoli. For several months, Horne was placed in charge of the Suez Canal defences (and given command of the XV Corps), but March 1916 saw him back on the Western Front. It joined the Fourth Army, which was preparing for an attack on the Somme. November is the eleventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with the length of 30 days. ... The Dardanelles (Turkish: Çanakkale Boğazı), formerly Hellespont, is a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara. ... Gallipoli, called Gelibolu in modern Turkish, is a town in northwestern Turkey. ... 1881 drawing of the Suez Canal The Suez Canal (Arabic, Qanā al-Suways), west of the Sinai Peninsula, is a 163-km (118-mile) maritime canal in Egypt between Port Said (Būr Saīd) on the Mediterranean Sea and Suez (al-Suways) on the Red Sea. ... March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... See Western Front (disambiguation) for other meanings. ... The British Fourth Army was a field army of the British Expeditionary Force during the First World War. ... Categories: France geography stubs | French rivers ...

On July 1, 1916, General Horne's XV Corps participated in the costliest battle of the First World War. In the pre-battle plans, Horne advocated and became an architect of the "creeping barrage" strategy, which was used with mixed results before the massive advance. The Battle of the Somme, which raged on for four months, ended with over a million casualties on both sides—more than 57,000 casualties occurred on the first day. 13 British divisions participated in the attack; General Horne's XV Corps consisted of the 21st and 7th Divisions. His divisions focused their attack on two cities, Fricourt and Mametz; ultimately, they successfully captured both cities on the first day, incurring approximately 8,000 casualties. July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... The 1916 Battle of the Somme was one of the largest battles of the First World War, with more than one million casualties. ... The British 21st Division was a New Army division raised in September France in September 1915 and served on the Western Front for the duration of the First World War. ... See: British 7th Armoured Division British 7th Division (World War I) British 7th Infantry Division This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

In September of that year, Horne was created a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, and after the successful capture of Flers, he was promoted to general and succeeded Sir Charles Munro as commander of the First Army. His first trial occurred in April 1917, when his troops were tasked with a diversionary attack on the fearsome Vimy Ridge, which rose hundreds of feet over the surrounding landscape. French Army commander Robert Nivelle was critical of Horne's plan; ironically, however, Nivelle was the one found incompetent, and after one month of failures (and, eventually, a mutiny), Nivelle was sacked and replaced with Philippe Pétain. September is the ninth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with the length of 30 days. ... General is a military rank, in most nations the highest rank, although some nations have the higher rank of Field Marshal. ... The British First Army was a field army that existed during the First and Second World Wars. ... April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ... 1917 - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... The Battle of Vimy Ridge was one of the opening battles in a larger British campaign known as the Battle of Arras. ... The French Army (Armée de Terre) is one component in the Military of France. ... Robert Georges Nivelle (October 15, 1857 - March 22, 1924) was a French military commander during World War I. Born in Tulle, France, to a French father and English mother, Nivelle graduated from the École Polytechnique in 1878 and served in Indochina, Algeria, and China as an artillery officer. ... Philippe Pétain Marshal Henri Philippe Pétain (April 24, 1856 - July 23, 1951), generally known as Philippe Pétain or Marshal Pétain, was a French soldier and leader of Vichy France. ...

The attack on Vimy Ridge was spearheaded by the First Army's "shock troops" (namely, the Canadian Corps). The ensuing Battle of Vimy Ridge, the first of a series of actions known as the Battle of Arras, was quite successful: supported by Horne's 1,000-odd artillery pieces, the Canadian forces took the entire ridge in a space of four days, with approximately 10,000 casualties (against 20,000 German casualties). The capture of Vimy Ridge would prove essential to the British Army: it served as the backbone of the British defence from March 1918 onward. The Canadian Corps was a World War I Canadas soldiers in September of 1915 after the arrival of the 2nd Canadian Division in France. ... The Battle of Vimy Ridge was one of the opening battles in a larger British campaign known as the Battle of Arras. ... The Battle of Arras is the name of a number of battles near the town of Arras in Artois, France: Battle of Arras (1654) Battle of Arras (1917) - British offensive during the First World War. ... March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Nivelle's failure and eventual sacking lengthened the actions around Arras. With success imminent, however, General Haig began siphoning troops northward, where many would participate in the Battles of Messines and Passchendaele. The First Army served mainly as a diversion and a placeholder until April 1918. Passchendaele village, before and after the Battle of Passchendaele The Battle of Passchendaele, otherwise known as the Third Battle of Ypres, was one of the major battles of World War I, fought by British, ANZAC, and Canadian soldiers against the German army near Ypres ( Ieper in Flemish) in West Flanders... April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ...

In April, the Germans embarked on the Spring Offensive, which was quite similar to the Allied Somme Offensive two years previously. At first, the attack was quite successful. On Horne's front, nine German divisions attacked his weak left flank, which was manned by two exhausted Portuguese divisions; the Germans were able to advance six miles to the banks of the River Lawe, where they were repulsed by the 55th and 51st Divisions. Soon, the First Army's responsibilities were divided, with the northern half of the army remaining under General Horne's command, while the southern half would be commanded by Sir Henry Plumer. The Spring Offensive (Operation Michael) was a German offensive along the Western Front during the First World War which marked the deepest advance by any side since 1914. ...

After this final German offensive, however, the British took the initiative permanently. General Haig's forces embarked on the Hundred Days Offensive, which eventually ended the war; General Horne's troops distinguished themselves in the lengthy offensive. At the end of the war, Horne was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George and a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath. For his wartime services, he received the thanks of Parliament and was raised to the peerage as Baron Horne. He was promoted to head of the Eastern Command, and eventually retired from the army in 1926. He was appointed Master Gunner of St. James's Park, an honorary position he would hold until his death; he was also appointed Colonel of the Highland Light Infantry. However, while shooting in his Stirkoke estate in August 1929, he suddenly died, and was eventually buried on his family plot. This article is in need of attention. ... On the Orders insignia, St Michael is often depicted subduing Satan. ... The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative institution in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories (it alone has parliamentary sovereignty). ... The Peerage is a system of titles of nobility which exists in the United Kingdom and is one part of the British honours system. ... 1926 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Highland Light Infantry (City of Glasgow Regiment) was a regiment of the British Army. ... Note: as an adjective (stressed on the second syllable instead of the first), august means honorable. ... 1929 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

External links

• Caithness's Greatest General (caithness.org)
• Who's Who - Sir Henry Horne (firstworldwar.com)
• The Highland Light Infantry (regiments.org)