Barosaurus (BAHR-oh-sawr-us) meaning "heavy lizard" (Greek baros = heavy + sauros = lizard, referring to its heavy neck bones) was a giant, long-tailed, long-necked, plant-eating dinosaur closely related to the more familiar Diplodocus. Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Phyla Porifera (sponges) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cnidaria (coral, jellyfish, anemones) Placozoa (trichoplax) Subregnum Bilateria (bilateral symmetry) Acoelomorpha (basal) Orthonectida (parasitic to flatworms, echinoderms, etc. ... Typical Classes Subphylum Urochordata - Tunicatas Ascidiacea Thaliacea Larvacea Subphylum Cephalochordata - Lancelets Subphylum Myxini - Hagfishes Subphylum Vertebrata - Vertebrates Petromyzontida - Lampreys Placodermi (extinct) Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes Acanthodii (extinct) Actinopterygii - Ray-finned fishes Actinistia - Coelacanths Dipnoi - Lungfishes Amphibia - Amphibians Reptilia - Reptiles Aves - Birds Mammalia - Mammals Chordates (phylum Chordata) include the vertebrates, together with... Clades Subclass Anapsida Subclass Diapsida Infraclass Lepidosauromorpha Infraclass Archosauromorpha Sauropsida is an amniote clade that includes all recent and all or almost all extinct reptiles (excluding the Synapsida), and birds. ... Groups Sauropodomorpha    Saturnalia    Prosauropoda    Sauropoda Theropoda    Eoraptor    Herrerasauridae    Ceratosauria    Tetanurae       Aves(extant) Saurischians (from the Greek Saurischia meaning lizard hip) are one of the two orders/branches of dinosaurs. ... Groups Saturnalia Prosauropoda Sauropoda The Sauropodomorpha were a group of long-necked, herbivorous dinosaurs that eventually dropped down on all fours and became the largest animals that ever the walked the earth. ... Families Brachiosauridae Camarasauridae Cetiosauridae Diplodocidae Dicraeosauridae Euhelopodidae Nemegtosauridae Titanosauridae Vulcanodontidae Sauropoda, the sauropods, are a suborder or infraorder of the saurischian (lizard-hipped) dinosaurs. ... Genera Subfamily Apatosaurinae:    Apatosaurus    Eobrontosaurus Subfamily Diplodocinae:    Barosaurus    Diplodocus    Seismosaurus    Supersaurus Diplodocids, or members of the family Diplodocidae, are sauropod dinosaurs such as the Diplodocus and the Apatosaurus. ... Genera Subfamily Apatosaurinae:    Apatosaurus    Eobrontosaurus Subfamily Diplodocinae:    Barosaurus    Diplodocus    Seismosaurus    Supersaurus Diplodocids, or members of the family Diplodocidae, are sauropod dinosaurs such as the Diplodocus and the Apatosaurus. ... Othniel Charles Marsh (October 29, 1831 - March 18, 1899) was one of the pre-eminent paleontologists of the 19th century, who discovered and named many fossils found in the American West. ... Type specimens When a new species is discovered, more important than creating a new and unique name for the species is developing a reasonably detailed description. ... Families Many, see text. ... A deer and two fawns feeding on some foliage In zoology, a herbivore is an animal that is adapted to eat primarily plant matter (rather than meat). ... Orders & Suborders Saurischia Sauropodomorpha Theropoda Ornithischia Dinosaurs were vertebrate animals that dominated the terrestrial ecosystem for over 160 million years, first appearing approximately 230 million years ago. ... Species (Hatcher, 1901) (Holland, 1924) (Marsh, 1878; holotype) Diplodocus (dih-PLOH-doc-us) meaning double beam in reference to its double-beamed chevron bones (Greek diplos = double + dokos = beam) is a type of dinosaur of subgroup Sauropoda. ...

Characteristics

Barosaurus was a large but fairly typical diplodocid that lived during the Late Jurassic period, around 150 million years ago. In fact, in many respects Barosaurus was very similar to Diplodocus itself, but with slight differences: much taller backbones (vertebrae) a shorter tail, and a much longer neck. Probably more than four-fifths of this plant-eater's total length of perhaps 27 m (90 ft) was neck and tail. Presumably it had a small head, although no specimen of its skull has been recovered. Genera Subfamily Apatosaurinae:    Apatosaurus    Eobrontosaurus Subfamily Diplodocinae:    Barosaurus    Diplodocus    Seismosaurus    Supersaurus Diplodocids, or members of the family Diplodocidae, are sauropod dinosaurs such as the Diplodocus and the Apatosaurus. ... The Jurassic period is a major unit of the geologic timescale that extends from about 200 Ma (million years ago) at the end of the Triassic to 146 Ma at the beginning of the Cretaceous. ... Mega-annum, usually abbreviated as Ma, is a unit of time equal to one million years. ... A diagram of a thoracic vertebra. ... The word tail in the English language has a number of meanings: Tail (anatomy) is used to describe the rear end of an animals body, especially when it forms a distinct, flexible appendage to the trunk; Tail can describe anything like an animals tail in form or position... The neck is the part of the body on many limbed vertebrates that distinguishes the head from the torso or trunk. ... A deer and two fawns feeding on some foliage In zoology, a herbivore is an animal that is adapted to eat primarily plant matter (rather than meat). ... To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 10 m and 100 m. ... A foot (plural: feet) is a non-SI unit of distance or length, measuring around a third of a meter. ...

The American Museum of Natural History in New York City shows the skeleton of a mother Barosaurus rearing on her hind legs to an enormous height to protect her offspring from an Allosaurus. Her head would be level with the fifth story of a building. The American Museum of Natural History is a landmark of Manhattans Upper West Side in New York, USA, at 79th Street and Central Park West. ... Nickname: The Big Apple Official website: City of New York Government Counties (Boroughs) Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Geographical characteristics Area Total 468. ... Species (type) Allosaurus (AL-oh-sore-us) meaning “different lizard”, because its vertebrae were different from those of all other dinosaurs (Greek allos = different + sauros = lizard), was a large carnivorous dinosaur with a length of up to 12 m (39 ft). ...

A Very Long Neck

Barosaurus' long neck was once thought to rise up like a giraffe's. In order to pump blood to the brain, the heart would have had to weigh about 3,200 lbs. (1.6 tons). The bigger a heart is, the slower it beats. Therefore the blood would run back to the heart before it reached the brain. Because of this difficulty, there was even a radical theory that Barosaurus had 8 hearts: two in the chest and three pairs in the neck! Another theory postulated that it had some artery-blockades, which reduced the blood to run back. Since then, computer models of diplodocids have shown that they probably habitually held their necks more or less horizontally, thus eliminating the problem. Genera Subfamily Apatosaurinae:    Apatosaurus    Eobrontosaurus Subfamily Diplodocinae:    Barosaurus    Diplodocus    Seismosaurus    Supersaurus Diplodocids, or members of the family Diplodocidae, are sauropod dinosaurs such as the Diplodocus and the Apatosaurus. ...

Although its neck bones (cervical vertebrae) numbered just 15 in total, as in the shorter-necked Diplodocus, some of them were more than 1 m (39 in) long. The scoops and hollows in their structure mean that the neck as a whole was probably lighter than it looked. To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between one metre and ten metres. ... Mid-19th century tool for converting between different standards of the inch An inch is an Imperial and U.S. customary unit of length. ...

Discovery

Barosaurus lentus is one of the many sauropods discovered in North America during the "Wild West Dinosaur Hunts" (the "Bone Wars") of the late 19th century. Othniel Charles Marsh named it in 1890. Families Brachiosauridae Camarasauridae Cetiosauridae Diplodocidae Euhelopodidae Nemegtosauridae Titanosauridae Vulcanodontidae Sauropoda, the sauropods, are a suborder or infraorder of the saurischian (lizard-hipped) dinosaurs. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... Bone Wars - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Othniel Charles Marsh (October 29, 1831 - March 18, 1899) was one of the pre-eminent paleontologists of the 19th century, who discovered and named many fossils found in the American West. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ...

Starting in 1922, three fairly complete B. lentus skeletons were dug out of Carnegie Quarry, Utah, by a team lead by Earl Douglas of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Earlier, he had excavated Apatosaurus from the same site, and had been involved in setting up the Dinosaur National Monument there in 1915. 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Official language(s) English Capital Salt Lake City Largest city Salt Lake City Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 13th 219,887 km² 435 km 565 km 3. ... Earl Douglas is the producer of the Ron and Fez Show on XM Satellite Radio Channel 202 High Voltage. ... The Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh are operated by the Carnegie Institute and located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. ... Pittsburgh skyline as viewed from Mount Washington Pittsburgh is a city in Western Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Allegheny County. ... Species Apatosaurus ajax Apatosaurus excelsus Apatosaurus louisae Apatosaurus (ah-PAT-o-sawr-us) meaning deceptive lizard, because its chevron bones were like those of Mosasaurus (Greek apatelos = deceptive + sauros = lizard), often refered to as Brontosaurus, is a genus of sauropod dinosaurs that lived about 140 million years ago, during the... Categories: Stub | U.S. National Monuments ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

More B. lentus remains were uncovered in South Dakota. All of this material is from the Morrison Formation, in the Upper Jurassic. Official language(s) English Capital Pierre Largest city Sioux Falls Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 17th 199,905 km² 340 km 610 km 1. ... The Morrison Formation is a distinctive body of rock in the western United States and Canada that has been the most fertile source of fossils in North America. ... The Jurassic period is a major unit of the geologic timescale that extends from about 200 Ma (million years ago) at the end of the Triassic to 146 Ma at the beginning of the Cretaceous. ...

Late Jurassic remains from Tanzania were assigned to another species of Barosaurus, B. africanus, but subsequent research has shown that, while diplodocine, this species is not particularly closely allied to B. lentus, and so it has been retained in another genus, as Tornieria africana. Torniera (Torniers) was a sauropod dinosaur from Late Jurassic Tanzania. ...

External links

• Barosaurus fact sheet, from Enchanted Learning.

• Barosaurus "heavy lizard", by T. Mike Keesey at The Dinosauricon.