Barton Hartshorn is a village in west Buckinghamshire, England close to the border with Oxfordshire. It is situated about four miles south west of Buckingham.

The village name comes in two parts. The first part, "Barton," is an Anglo_Saxon word meaning Barley Farm, and is a common place name (and family name) in England. The second part, 'Hartshorn', comes from a separate hamlet in the same parish and is thought to refer to the shape of the land locally: it lies in the shape of a deer's horn.

Prior to the Norman Conquest the village was owned by Thegn Wilaf, though the Normans annexed it, and at the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 it was one of the extensive properties belonging to Odo of Bayeux.