NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Bashkir

Bashkirs particularly inhabit the slopes and confines of the southern The Ural Mountains, (Russian: Ура́льские го́ры = Ура́л) also known simply as the Urals, are a mountain range that run roughly north and south through western Russia. The Urals extend 2500 km from the... Ural Mountains and the neighboring plains. They speak the The Bashkir language is a Turkic language, a member of the Kyphchak group of languages. Wikipedia articles written in this language are located at the: Bashkir language Wikipedia Speakers The 1989 population census showed over 1,047,000 native speakers of the Bashkir language living in the USSR. Additional 26... Bashkir language, apparently a close relation of the Tatar (Tatar tele/Tatarça) Spoken in: Idel-Ural, Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, China, Finland, former Soviet Union Region: Eastern Europe, Central Asia Total speakers: 8 million Ranking: 95 Genetic classification: Ural-Altaic languages (disputed) Altaic languages (disputed) Turkic languages Northwestern (Kipchak-Bolghar) Uralian ... Tatar language, but some authorities think that it stemmed from ethnically Finnic (Fennic, sometimes Baltic Finnic) may refer to Finnish-similar languages spoken close to the Gulf of Finland, i.e. the Balto-Finnic subgroup of the Finno-Ugric languages. Confusingly, the term may also refer to a larger subgroup that includes also the Sami languages. Today, in a Finnish and... Finnic origins, later transformed by Tatars or Tartars is a collective name applied to the Turkic-speaking people of Europe and Asia. Most Tatars live in the central and southern parts of Russia, Ukraine, and in Bulgaria, China, Kazakhstan, Romania, Turkey, and Uzbekistan. They collectively numbered more than 8 million in the late 20th century... Tatar influence.

History

The name Bashkir appears for the first time in the beginning of the ( ( (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Contents // 1 Events 2 Significant persons 3 Inventions, discoveries, introductions 4 Decades and years Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there... 10th century in the writings of Ahmad ibn-al-Abbas ibn Rashid ibn-Hammad ibn-Fadlan (Aḥmad ʿibn alʿAbbās ʿibn Rasẖīd ʿibn ḥammād ʿibn Fadlān أحمد ابن العباس... Ibn Fadlan, who, in describing his travels among the Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the ( (5th century — 6th century — 7th century — other centuries) Contents // 1 Events 2 Significant persons 3 Inventions, discoveries, introductions 4 Decades and years Events The first academy of the east the Academy of Gundeshapur... Volga Bulgarians, mentions the Bashkirs as a warlike and idolatrous race. The people themselves did not use this name in the 10th century — it has its origins in a nickname.

At that time, Bashkirs lived as nomadic cattle breeders. Until the (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages. Contents // 1 Events 2 Significant... 13th century they occupied the territories between Volga redirects here. For other uses, see The name Volga can refer to a number of different things: The Volga River (Волга, Rha, İtil, İdel) in western Russia is the longest river in Europe. Volga (automobiles) is the name of a Russian brand of... Volga and Kama Кама, Çulman Length 1805 km Elevation of the source ? m Average discharge ? m³/s Area watershed ? km² Origin Udmurtia Mouth Volga River Basin countries Russia Kama (Ка́ма) (Tatar: Çulman) is a river in Russia, left tributary of Volga (and... Kama Rivers and the Urals.

European sources first mention the Bashkirs in the works of Giovanni da Pian del Carpini, or John of Plano Carpini or Joannes de Plano (??-1252) was one of the first Europeans to enter the court of the Great Khan of Mongol Empire and the author of the earliest important Western work on northern and central Asia, Russian Europe, and other... Joannes de Plano Carpini and William of Rubruck (also William of Rubruk, Guillaume de Rubrouck, Willielmus de Rubruquis, born ca. 1220 in Rubrouck, northern France, died ca. 1293) was a flemish Franciscan missionary and explorer. His account is one of the masterpieces of medieval geographical literature comparable to that of Marco Polo. Contents // 1 Mission... William of Rubruquis. These travellers, who fell in with Bashkir tribes in the upper parts of the The Ural River (Russian: Урал, Urál [formerly: Яик, Yaik River], Kazakh: Жайық, Zhayyq) flows through Russia and Kazakhstan. It begins in the Ural Mountains and ends at the Caspian Sea. Its total length is 1,509 mi (2,428 km... Ural River, called them Pascatir, and asserted that they spoke the same language as the Bulgarians.

Until the arrival of the History of Mongolia series Before Chinggis Khan Mongol Empire Chagatai Khanate Golden Horde Ilkhanate Yuan Dynasty Northern Yuan Oyirad Jüün Ghar Empire Qing Dynasty Independent Mongolia Inner Mongolia Buryat Republic Kalmykia Timeline The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan in 1206. At its height, it was arguably the... Mongolians in the middle of the (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages. Contents // 1 Events 2 Significant... 13th century, the Bashkirs formed a strong and independent people, troublesome to their neighbors: the Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the ( (5th century — 6th century — 7th century — other centuries) Contents // 1 Events 2 Significant persons 3 Inventions, discoveries, introductions 4 Decades and years Events The first academy of the east the Academy of Gundeshapur... Volga Bulgarians and the Pechenegs or Patzinaks also known as Besenyők, were a semi-nomadic steppe people of Central Asia that spoke a Turkic language. In the 8th and 9th centuries they inhabited the region between the lower Volga, Don and the Urals. The Pechenegs controlled much of the southwestern Eurasian steppes... Petchenegs. At the time of the downfall of the Map of Kazan Khanate, early 1500s The Kazan khanate ( Tatar (Tatar tele/TatarÃ§a) Spoken in: Idel-Ural, Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, China, Finland, former Soviet Union Region: Eastern Europe, Central Asia Total speakers: 8 million Ranking: 95 Genetic classification: Ural-Altaic languages (disputed) Altaic languages (disputed) Turkic languages ... Khanate of Kazan in Years: 1549 1550 1551 - 1552 - 1553 1554 1555 Decades: 1520s 1530s 1540s - 1550s - 1560s 1570s 1580s Centuries: 15th century - 16th century - 17th century Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. October - December - Unsuccessful Siege of Metz... 1552 they had become a weak state. In Years: 1553 1554 1555 - 1556 - 1557 1558 1559 Decades: 1520s 1530s 1540s - 1550s - 1560s 1570s 1580s Centuries: 15th century - 16th century - 17th century Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The... 1556 they voluntarily recognized the supremacy of The Russian Federation ( Russian (русский язык) Spoken in: The Russian Federation ( Russian (русский язык) Spoken in: Russia and many other countries Region: Eastern Europe and Asia Total speakers: 280 million Ranking: 4... Russia, which in consequence founded the city of For the film production company in Berlin, see Universum Film AG. Ufa (Уфа́) (oo-FAH) (Tatar Ufa, Öfä; Bashkir Өфө) is the capital of Bashkortostan (or Bashkiria), a republic in central Russia. Population, 1.1 million (as of 2003). Geographical location, 54° 45 North, 55... Ufa in Years: 1571 1572 1573 - 1574 - 1575 1576 1577 Decades: 1540s 1550s 1560s - 1570s - 1580s 1590s 1600s Centuries: 15th century - 16th century - 17th century 1574 in literature Events April 14 - Battle of Mookerheyde. Spanish forces under Sancho de Avila defeat the rebel forces of Louis of Nassau. Louis is killed. May... 1574 to defend them from the Kirghiz (also Kyrgyz) are a Turkic ethnic group found primarily in Kyrgyzstan. It is considered that there are 40 Kirghiz tribes. This is translated by the yellow sun in the center of the flag of Kyrgyzstan, which has 40 rays. Kirghizs in China The Kirghiz form one of the 56... Kirghiz, and subjected the Bashkirs to a fur-tax.

In Years: 1673 1674 1675 - 1676 - 1677 1678 1679 Decades: 1640s 1650s 1660s - 1670s - 1680s 1690s 1700s Centuries: 16th century - 17th century - 18th century 1676 in literature 1676 in music 1676 in science Contents // 1 Events 2 Year in topic 3 Births 4 Deaths Events January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar... 1676, the Bashkirs rebelled under a leader named Seit, and the Russians (Русские - Russkie) are an East Slavic This article or section should be merged with ethnicity An ethnic group is a group of people who identify with one another, or are so identified by others, on the basis of a boundary that distinguishes them... Russians had great difficulties in pacifying them. Bashkiria rose again in Years: 1704 1705 1706 - 1707 - 1708 1709 1710 Decades: 1670s 1680s 1690s - 1700s - 1710s 1720s 1730s Centuries: 17th century - 18th century - 19th century 1707 in literature 1707 in music 1707 in science List of state leaders in 1707 List of religious leaders in 1707 Events March 26 - Act of Union... 1707, under Aldar and Kfisyom, on account of ill-treatment by the Russian officials. The third and last insurrection occurred in Years: 1732 1733 1734 - 1735 - 1736 1737 1738 Decades: 1700s 1710s 1720s - 1730s - 1740s 1750s 1760s Centuries: 17th century - 18th century - 19th century 1735 in literature 1735 in music 1735 in science List of state leaders in 1735 List of religious leaders in 1735 Events 16 April - The London premiere... 1735, at the time of the foundation of Orenburg (Оренбу́рг) is a city on the Ural River and the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast in the Volga Federal District of Russia. It lies 1478 km south of Moscow. The city had a population of approximately 548,800 as of the... Orenburg, and it lasted for six years.

In Years: 1771 1772 1773 - 1774 - 1775 1776 1777 Decades: 1740s 1750s 1760s - 1770s - 1780s 1790s 1800s Centuries: 17th century - 18th century - 19th century 1774 in art 1774 in literature 1774 in music 1774 in science List of state leaders in 1774 List of religious leaders in 1774 Events January 21... 1774 Bashkiria supported Pugachev's rebelletion. Bashkir troops fought under the noble Bashkir Salawat Yulayev, but suffered defeat.

In Years: 1783 1784 1785 - 1786 - 1787 1788 1789 Decades: 1750s 1760s 1770s - 1780s - 1790s 1800s 1810s Centuries: 17th century - 18th century - 19th century 1786 in art 1786 in literature 1786 in music 1786 in science List of state leaders in 1786 List of religious leaders in 1786 Events May 21... 1786, the Bashkirs achieved tax-free status; and in Years: 1795 1796 1797 - 1798 - 1799 1800 1801 Decades: 1760s 1770s 1780s - 1790s - 1800s 1810s 1820s Centuries: 17th century - 18th century - 19th century 1798 in art 1798 in literature 1798 in music 1798 in science List of state leaders in 1798 List of religious leaders in 1798 Contents // 1 Events... 1798 Russia formed an irregular Bashkir army from among them. Residual land ownership disputes continued.

Culture

Some Bashkirs traditionally practiced agriculture, cattle-rearing and bee-keeping. The nomadic Bashkirs wandered either the mountains or the The steppe of Western Kazakhstan in early spring In physical geography, steppe (from Slavic step) is a plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally reckoned as being dominated by tall grasses, while short grasses are said... steppes, herding cattle.

Bashkir national dishes include a kind of Porridge (also known in American English as hot cereal), is a simple dish made by boiling oats (normally crushed oats, occasionally oatmeal) or another meal in water and/or milk. Oat and semolina porridge are by far the most popular varieties; some other meals used for porridge include wheat, peasemeal... gruel called yIsryu, and a based on pic with no restrictions on sxc.hu File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or see the image uploaded on that date. (del) (cur) 23:41, 9 Dec... cheese named skiirt.

Bashkirs had a reputation as a hospitable but suspicious people, apt to plunder and disinclined to hard work. Ethnography (from the Greek ethnos = nation and graphe = writing) refers to the qualitative description of human social phenomena, based on months or years of fieldwork. Ethnography may be holistic, describing a society as a whole, or it may focus on specific problems or situations within a larger social scene. The... Ethnographically, they have large heads, black hair, narrow and flat eyes, small foreheads, ears always sticking out, and a swarthy skin. In general, they appear strong and muscular, and can endure all kinds of labour and privation. They profess This article forms part of the seriesIslam Vocabulary of Islam Five Pillars Profession of faith Prayer · Alms · Fasting Pilgrimage to Mecca Jihad (See Sixth pillar of Islam) People Muhammad Prophets of Islam Caliph · Shia Imam Companions of Muhammad Holy Cities Mecca · Medina · Jerusalem Najaf · Karbala · Kufa Kazimain · Mashhad · Samarra Events... Sunni Islam.

References

Giovanni da Pian del Carpini, or John of Plano Carpini or Joannes de Plano (??-1252) was one of the first Europeans to enter the court of the Great Khan of Mongol Empire and the author of the earliest important Western work on northern and central Asia, Russian Europe, and other... J. P. Carpini, Liber Tartarorum, edited under the title Relations des Mongols ou Tartares, by d'Avezac (Paris, 1838).
William of Rubruck (also William of Rubruk, Guillaume de Rubrouck, Willielmus de Rubruquis, born ca. 1220 in Rubrouck, northern France, died ca. 1293) was a flemish Franciscan missionary and explorer. His account is one of the masterpieces of medieval geographical literature comparable to that of Marco Polo. Contents // 1 Mission... Gulielmus de Rubruquis, The Journey of William of Rubruck to the Eastern Parts of the World, translated by V.W. Rockhill (London, 1900).
Semenoff, Slovar Ross. Imp., s.v.
Frhn, "De Baskiris", in Mrn. de l'Acad. de St-Pitersbourg (1822).
Florinsky, in Вестник Европы [Vestnik Evropy] (1874).
Katarinskij, Dictionnaire Bashkir-Russe (1900).

External links

Bashkir news sites (in Russian)

http://bashinform.ru/ (the official news site of the republic of Bashkortostan)
http://ufaweb.ru/
http://bashnews.ru/
http://ufanews.ru/
http://allufa.ru/

This article incorporates text from the The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. (Proprietary interest is typically represented by a copyright or patent.) Such works and inventions are considered part of... public domain The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. The edition is still often regarded as the greatest edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, with many articles being up to 10 times the length of... 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.

Categories: 1911 Britannica | Ethnic groups of Russia | Turkic peoples

Results from FactBites:

Bashkirs - LoveToKnow 1911 (559 words)
	BASHKIRS, a people inhabiting the Russian governments of Ufa, Orenburg, Perm and Samara, and parts of Vyatka, especially on the slopes and confines of the Ural, and in the neighbouring plains.
	Till the arrival of the Mongolians, about the middle of the 13th century, the Bashkirs were a strong and independent people and troublesome to their neighbours, the Bulgarians and Petchenegs.
	The Bashkirs are usually very poor, and in winter live partly on a kind of gruel called yuryu, and badly prepared cheese named skurt.

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History

Culture

References

External links

Bashkir news sites (in Russian)

Overview