NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Bashkir language

The Bashkir language is a Turkic language. Current distribution of Human Language Families A language family is a group of related languages said to have descended from a common proto-language. ... Altaic is a proposed language family which includes 66 languages [1] spoken by about 348 million people, mostly in and around Central Asia and northeast Asia. ... The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China with an estimated 140 million native speakers and tens of millions of second-language speakers. ... The Kypchak languages (also known as the Kipchak, Qypchaq, or Northeastern Turkic languages), are a major branch of the Turkic language family spoken by more than 12 million people in an area spanning from Lithuania to China. ... The Republic of Bashkortostan, or Bashkiria (Russian: or ; Bashkir: ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ... ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. ... ISO 639-3 is in process of development as an international standard for language codes. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the â€œInternational Phonetic Alphabetâ€. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Phonetics (from the Greek word Ï†Ï‰Î½Î®, phone meaning sound, voice) is the study of the sounds of human speech. ... Unicode is an industry standard designed to allow text and symbols from all of the writing systems of the world to be consistently represented and manipulated by computers. ... The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China with an estimated 140 million native speakers and tens of millions of second-language speakers. ...

Speakers

The 2002 population census showed over 1,379,000 native speakers of the Bashkir language living in the Russia. For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ...

Speakers of the Bashkir language mostly live in the Russian republic of Bashkortostan. Substantial number of the speakers also live in Tatarstan, Udmurtia, Perm Krai, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Sverdlovsk, and Kurgan Oblasts. Large Bashkir minority groups also live in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The Republic of Bashkortostan, or Bashkiria (Russian: or ; Bashkir: ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... Republic of Tatarstan (Russian: ; Tatar: ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... The Udmurt Republic (Russian: ; Udmurt: Ð£Ð´Ð¼ÑƒÑ€Ñ‚ ÐÐ»ÑŒÐºÑƒÐ½) or Udmurtia (Russian: Ð£Ð´Ð¼ÑƒÌÑ€Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... Perm Krai (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai) that came into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. ... Chelyabinsk Oblast (Russian: , Chelyabinskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). ... Orenburg Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). ... Flag of Sverdlovsk Oblast Sverdlovsk Oblast (Russian: , Sverdlovskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in the Urals Federal District. ... Kurgan Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). ...

Alphabet and dialects

Even though Bashkirs originally were Ugric or Finnic tribes, they initially adopted the Bolgar language. After the Mongol invasion, the Kypchak language became more common due to the fact that it was the language spoken by the majority of the Golden Horde tribes. Bolgar (also BolÄŸar), also Proto-Bulgarian is the language of the Bulgars, now extinct, whose classification is unclear. ... The Mongol Invasion of Russia was an invasion of the medieval state of Kievan Rus by a large army of nomadic Mongols, starting in 1223. ... The Kipchak language was an extinct Turkic language of Kipchak-Bolghar group. ... The four successor Khanates of the Mongol Empire: Empire of the Great Khan (Yuan Dynasty), Golden Horde, Il-Khanate and Chagatai Khanate The Golden Horde (Mongolian: Altan Ordyn Uls; Turkish: ; Tatar: ; Russian: ) was a Mongol[1][2][3][4] â€” later Turkicized[3] â€” khanate established in parts of present-day Russia...

The modern Bashkir language, like the similar Tatar language, takes its roots from the Kypchak group of languages. Today the language has many dialects, which are very similar to Tatar. In the past, Bashkirs used Tatar as a written language. In the 15th century it was replaced with the Chagatay language (however, according to some researchers, it was replaced with the Old Tatar variant of Chagatay), which was in use until 1923. Both Tatar and Chagatay were written in Arab letters. A dialect (from the Greek word Î´Î¹Î¬Î»ÎµÎºÏ„Î¿Ï‚, dialektos) is a variety of a language characteristic of a particular group of the languages speakers. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... The Chagatai language is an extinct Turkic language spoken in Central Asia. ... Old Tatar language (İske Tatar tele) is a literary language used in the Khanate of Kazan and among Muslim Tatars. ... Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1923, a writing system was specifically created for the Bashkir language. At the same time, a Bashkir literary language was created, moving away from the "bourgeois" Tatar influences. At first, it used a modified Arabic alphabet. In 1930 it was replaced with a Latin-based alphabet, which was in turn replaced with an adapted Cyrillic alphabet in winter of 1938. For other uses, see Alphabet (disambiguation). ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is an alphabet used for several East and South Slavic languages; (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Cyrillic alphabet used by Bashkir is the same as the Russian alphabet, with the addition of the following letters: Ә ә [æ], Ө ө [œ], Ү ү [y], Ғ ғ [ɣ], Ҡ ҡ [q], Ң ң [ŋ], Ҙ ҙ [ð], Ҫ ҫ [θ], Һ һ [h]. Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Cyrillic schwa (Ó˜, Ó™) is a Cyrillic letter. ... The Cyrillic letter Oe or Barred O (Ó¨, Ó©) is an O with a horizontal line through it. ... The Cyrillic letter Straight U or Hamza + Waw with Damma (Ò®, Ò¯) (in Kazakh) is a straight form of the Cyrillic letter Ð£. It is used to represent the close front rounded vowel /y/. Though the letter resembles the Latin letter Y in its uppercase form, the two should not be confused. ... Ghayn is also a spelling for the Arabic letter ghain. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... The Cyrillic letter N descender or Ng (in Kazakh) (Ò¢, Ò£) is an Ð with a descender. ... Ò˜ is a Cyrillic letter used in the Bashkir language. ... is a Cyrillic alphabet used for the Bashkir language. ... He (Òº,Ò») /h/ is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet used in Bashkir, Kalmyk, Kazakh, Kildin Sami, Sakha, Tatar, and Yakut. ...

See also

External links (in Bashkir)

Categories: Languages of Russia | Languages of Kazakhstan | Languages of Uzbekistan | Bashkir language | Turkic languages | Bashkortostan Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1058x1058, 477 KB) aa Wikipedia logo, version 1058px square, no text Wikipedia logo by Nohat (concept by Paullusmagnus); compare Wikipedia File links The following pages link to this file: Arabic language Talk:Anarcho-capitalism Talk:Algorithm Talk:Anno Domini Talk:The... Wikipedia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Altaic is a proposed language family which includes 66 languages [1] spoken by about 348 million people, mostly in and around Central Asia and northeast Asia. ... The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China with an estimated 140 million native speakers and tens of millions of second-language speakers. ... The Mongolic languages are a group of thirteen languages spoken in Central Asia. ... Tungusic languages (or Manchu-Tungus languages) are spoken in Eastern Siberia and Manchuria. ... The Japonic languages or Japanese-Ryukyuan languages constitute a language family that is agreed to have descended from a common ancestral language known as Proto-Japonic or Proto-Japanese-Ryukyuan. ... This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language. ... The Japonic languages or Japanese-Ryukyuan languages constitute a language family that is agreed to have descended from a common ancestral language known as Proto-Japonic or Proto-Japanese-Ryukyuan. ... The Buyeo (PuyÅ) languages are a hypothetical language family that would relate the languages of Buyeo, Goguryeo, Baekje and the Japonic languages, and possibly place them together as a family under the hypothetical Altaic family. ... The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China with an estimated 140 million native speakers and tens of millions of second-language speakers. ... Bulgar (also BolÄŸar), also Proto-Bulgarian is the language of the Bulgars, now extinct, whose classification is unclear. ... Chuvash (pronounced /) (Ð§ÄƒÐ²Ð°ÑˆÐ»Ð°, also known as Chuwash, Chovash, Chavash or Ã‡uaÅŸ) is a Turkic language spoken to the west of the Ural Mountains in central Russia. ... The Hunnic language is an extinct language of the Huns. ... Language spoken by the medieval Khazar tribe. ... The Turkic language spoken by the GÃ¶ktÃ¼rks and used on the Orkhon inscriptions. ... Aini is a Turkic language spoken in western China known as Aini, variously spelled Aynu or Ainu, though it is unrelated to the Ainu language of Japan and Russia. ... The Chagatai language is an extinct Turkic language which was once widely spoken in Central Asia. ... Ili Turki is a language spoken primarily in China. ... Uyghur (â€Ž//, or â€Ž//)[1] is a Turkic language spoken by the Uyghur people in Xinjiang (also called East Turkestan or Uyghurstan), formerly also â€œSinkiangâ€ and â€œChinese Turkestan,â€ a Central Asian region administered by China. ... The Kypchak languages (also known as the Kipchak, Qypchaq, or Northeastern Turkic languages), are a major branch of the Turkic language family spoken by more than 12 million people in an area spanning from Lithuania to China. ... ... Crimean Tatar language (QÄ±rÄ±mtatar tili, QÄ±rÄ±mtatarca), also known as Crimean (QÄ±rÄ±m tili, QÄ±rÄ±mca) and Crimean Turkish (QÄ±rÄ±m TÃ¼rkÃ§esi) is the language of the Crimean Tatars. ... Cuman language was a Turkic language spoken by the Kipchaks (also known as the Cumans) similar to todays Crimean Tatar language. ... The Karachay-Balkar language (ÐšÑŠÐ°Ñ€Ð°Ñ‡Ð°Ð¹-ÐœÐ°Ð»ÐºÑŠÐ°Ñ€ /Qarachay-Malqar/) is a Turkic language of the Karachays and Balkars. ... The Karaim language is a Turkic language with Hebrew influences, in a similar manner to Yiddish or Ladino. ... Karakalpak is a Turkic language mainly spoken by Karakalpaks in Karakalpakstan (Uzbekistan), as well as by Kazakhs, Bashkirs and Nogay. ... Kazakh (also Qazaq and variants[2], natively , , â€Ž) is a Western Turkic language closely related to Nogai and Karakalpak. ... The Kipchak language was an extinct Turkic language of Kipchak-Bolghar group. ... Krymchak is the Crimean Tatar language dialect spoken by the Krymchaks - Rabbanite Jews of the Crimea. ... Kumyk (also Qumuq, Kumuk, Kumuklar, and Kumyki) is a Turkic language, spoken by about 200 thousands speakers (the Kumyks) in the Dagestan republic of Russian Federation. ... Nogai (also Nogay or Nogai Tatar), is a Turkic language spoken in southwestern Russia. ... The Tatar language (Tatar tele, TatarÃ§a, Ð¢Ð°Ñ‚Ð°Ñ€ Ñ‚ÐµÐ»Ðµ, Ð¢Ð°Ñ‚Ð°Ñ€Ñ‡Ð°) is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars. ... Urum is a Turkic language spoken by several thousand people who inhabit a few villages in the Southeastern Ukraine and in Georgia. ... Altay is a language of the Turkic group of languages. ... Kyrgyz or Kirghiz (ÐšÑ‹Ñ€Ð³Ñ‹Ð· Ñ‚Ð¸Ð»Ð¸) is a Northwestern Turkic language, and, together with Russian, an official language of Kyrgyzstan. ... The Oghuz languages, a major branch of the Turkic language family, are spoken by more than 110-130 million people (including second language speakers) in an area spanning from the Balkans to China. ... Afshar or Afshari, is a Turkic language spoken in parts of Afghanistan and Iran. ... Crimean Tatar language (QÄ±rÄ±mtatar tili, QÄ±rÄ±mtatarca), also known as Crimean (QÄ±rÄ±m tili, QÄ±rÄ±mca) and Crimean Turkish (QÄ±rÄ±m TÃ¼rkÃ§esi) is the language of the Crimean Tatars. ... The Gagauz language (Gagauz dili) is a Turkic language, used by Gagauz people, official language of Gagauzia, Republic of Moldova. ... Khorasani Turkish (ØªØ±ÙƒÙŠ Ø®Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø§Ù†ÙŠ / Xorasan TÃ¼rkÃ§eÉ™sÄ±) is a Turkic language with around 400,000 speakers that is spoken in northern Khorasan in Iran. ... Ottoman Turkish (Turkish: or , Ottoman Turkish: â€Ž ) was the variant of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire. ... Pecheneg language is the extinct Turkic language spoken by the Pechenegs in Eastern Europe, similar to Cuman. ... Qashqai (also spelled Ghashghai, Qashqai, Qashqay, and Kashkai) is a Turkic language. ... Salar is a Turkic language spoken by the Salar people, who mainly live in the provinces of Qinghai and Gansu in China. ... Urum is a Turkic language spoken by several thousand people who inhabit a few villages in the Southeastern Ukraine and in Georgia. ... Khalaj is a language spoken primarily in Iran and Afghanistan. ... Chulyum also known as Chulym-Turkic , Chulym Tatar (not at all related to the Tatar language), or KÃ¼erik is a language of Chulyms. ... The Dolgan Language, is a Turkic language with around 5,000 speakers that is spoken in the Taymyr Peninsula in the Russian Federation. ... FuyÃ¼ GÃ¯rgÃ¯s or Fu-Yu Kirgiz is the easternmost Turkic language. ... Khakas is a Turkic language spoken by the Khakas people, who mainly live in the southern Siberian Khakas Republic, or Khakassia, in Russia. ... The Shor language is one of the Turkic languages. ... Tofa, also known as Tofalar or Karagas, is one of the Turkic languages. ... Tuvan (Tuvan: Ð¢Ñ‹Ð²Ð° Ð´Ñ‹Ð» Tyva dyl), also known as Tuvinian, Tyvan, or Tuvin, is one of the Turkic languages. ... Western Yugur and Eastern Yugur are terms coined by Chinese linguists to distinguish between the Turkic and Mongolic Yugur language, both spoken within the Yugur nationality. ... Sakha, or Yakut, is a Turkic language with around 363,000 speakers spoken in the Sakha Republic in the Russian Federation. ... A mixed language is a language that arises when speakers of different languages are in contact and show a high degree of bilingualism. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ...

Contents

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Alphabet and dialects

See also

External links (in Bashkir)

Speakers