NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze

The Basilica di Santa Croce (Basilica of the Holy Cross) is the principal Franciscan church in Florence, Italy, and a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church. It is situated on the Piazza di Santa Croce, about 800 metres south east of the Duomo. The site, when first chosen, was in marshland outside the city walls. It is the burial place of some of the most illustrious Italians, such as Michelangelo, Galileo, Machiavelli, Gentile and Rossini, thus it is known also as the Pantheon of the Italian Glories. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 573 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (612 Ã— 640 pixel, file size: 181 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 573 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (612 Ã— 640 pixel, file size: 181 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Order of Friars Minor and other Franciscan movements are disciples of Saint Francis of Assisi. ... It has been suggested that Ecclesia (Church) be merged into this article or section. ... Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... The Basilica of St. ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Pope Â· Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic... The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore is the cathedral church, or Duomo, of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence, noted for its distinctive dome. ... Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (March 6, 1475 â€“ February 18, 1564), commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet and engineer. ... Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564 â€“ 8 January 1642) was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who is closely associated with the scientific revolution. ... NiccolÃ² di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (May 3, 1469 â€“ June 21, 1527) was an Italian political philosopher, musician, poet, and romantic comedic playwright. ... Giovanni Gentile (IPA:) (May 30, 1875 - April 15, 1944) was an Italian neo-Hegelian Idealist philosopher, a peer of Benedetto Croce. ... Portrait Gioacchino Antonio Rossini (February 29, 1792 â€“ November 13, 1868)[1] was an Italian musical composer who wrote more than 30 operas as well as sacred music and chamber music. ...

The building

The Basilica is the largest Franciscan church in the world. Its most notable features are its sixteen chapels, many of them decorated with frescoes by Giotto and his pupils, and its tombs and cenotaphs. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... A chapel is a private church, usually small and often attached to a larger institution such as a college, a hospital, a palace, or a prison. ... Fresco by Dionisius representing Saint Nicholas. ... Giotto di Bondone (c. ... A church monument is an architectural or sculptural memorial to a dead person or persons, often in the form of an effigy or a wall tablet, located within a Christian church. ...

Legend says that Santa Croce was founded by St Francis himself. The construction of the current church, to replace an older building, was begun on 12th May 1294^[1], possibly by Arnolfo di Cambio, and paid for by some of the city's wealthiest families. It was consecrated in 1442 by Pope Eugene IV. The building's design reflects the austere approach of the Franciscans. The floorplan is an Egyptian or Tau cross (a symbol of St Francis), 115 metres in length with a naves and two aisles separated by lines of octagonal columns. To the south of the church was a convent, some of whose buildings remain. Saint Francis of Assisi (September 26, 1181 â€“ October 3, 1226) was a Roman Catholic friar and the founder of the Order of Friars Minor, more commonly known as the Franciscans. ... The tabernacle over the high altar of St. ... Eugenius IV, né Gabriel Condulmer (1383 - February 23, 1447) was pope from March 3, 1431 to his death. ... The Tau cross The Cross of Tau; also called the Tau Cross, St. ... Links to full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are also found at the entry Cathedral diagram. ...

In the Primo Chiostro, the main cloister, there is the Cappella dei Pazzi, built as the chapter house between 1442 and 1446 and finally completed in the 1470s. Filippo Brunelleschi (who had designed and executed the dome of the Duomo) was involved in its design which has remained rigorously simple and unadorned. Cloister of Saint Trophimus, in Arles, France A cloister (from latin claustrum) is a part of cathedral, monastic and abbey architecture. ... Cappella Pazzi & First Cloister Pazzi Chapel (Cappella dei Pazzi) at the Basilica di Santa Croce is a typical Renaissance chapel in Florence. ... A chapter house is a building or room attached to a cathedral or collegiate church in which meetings are held. ... Sculpture of Brunelleschi looking at the dome in Florence Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 â€“ April 15, 1446) was an Italian architect and one of the first architects to be associated with the Italian Renaissance in Florence. ...

In 1560, the choir screen was removed as part of changes arising from the Counter-Reformation and the interior rebuilt by Giorgio Vasari. As a result, there was damage to the church's decoration and most of the altars previously located on the screen were lost. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 540 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (959 Ã— 1064 pixel, file size: 198 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze, Italia. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 540 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (959 Ã— 1064 pixel, file size: 198 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze, Italia. ... The rood screen (also choir screen or chancel screen) is a common feature in late medieval church architecture. ... The Counter-Reformation or the Catholic Reformation was a strong reaffirmation of the doctrine and structure of the Catholic Church, climaxing at the Council of Trent, partly in reaction to the growth of Protestantism. ... Giorgio Vasaris selfportrait Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Giorgio Vasari Giorgio Vasari (Arezzo, Tuscany July 3, 1511 - Florence, June 27, 1574) was an Italian painter and architect, mainly known for his famous biographies of Italian artists. ...

The campanile was built in 1842, replacing an earlier one damaged by lightning. The neo-Gothic marble façade, by Nicolò Matas, dates from 1857-1863. A campanile (pronounced []) is, especially in Italy, a free-standing bell tower (Italian campana, bell), often adjacent to a church or cathedral. ... Neo-gothic architecture is an American branch of the Gothic revival style that was imported from England in the 1830s. ...

In 1866, the complex became public property, as a part of government suppression of most religious houses, following the wars that gained Italian independence and unity.^[2] ^[3]

The Museo dell'Opera di Santa Croce is housed mainly in the refectory, also off the cloister. A monument to Florence Nightingale stands in the cloister, in the city in which she was born and after which she was named. Brunelleschi also built the inner cloister, completed in 1453. A refectory is a dining room, especially in monasteries, boarding schools and academic institutions. ... Florence Nightingale, OM, RRC (12 May 1820 â€“ 13 August 1910), who came to be known as The Lady of the Lamp, was a pioneer of modern nursing and a noted statistician. ...

In 1966, the Arno River flooded much of Florence, including Santa Croce. The water entered the church bringing mud, pollution and heating oil. The damage to buildings and art treasures was severe, taking several decades to repair. Arno River in Florence, Italy The Arno is a river in the Tuscany region of Italy. ...

Today the former dormitory of the Franciscan Friars houses the Scuola del Cuoio (Leather School)[1]. Visitors can watch as artisans craft purses, wallets, and other leather goods which are sold in the adjacent shop.

Art

Artists whose work is present in the church include: Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 398 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (2000 Ã— 3008 pixel, file size: 742 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo taken by Melissa Ranieri in May 2007 I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 398 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (2000 Ã— 3008 pixel, file size: 742 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo taken by Melissa Ranieri in May 2007 I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...

Once present in the church's Medici Chapel, but now split between the Florentine Galleries and the Bagatti Valsecchi Museum in Milan, is a polyptych by Lorenzo di Niccolò. Benedetto da Maiano (* Florence 1442 - â€ Florence 1497) was an early Italian Renaissance sculptor. ... Giuliano da Maiano (ca 1432- 1490) was a Florentine architect, intarsia-worker and sculptor, the elder brother of Benedetto da Maiano, with whom he often collaborated. ... Self-portrait by Canova, 1792. ... Crucifix (1287-88) Panel, 448 x 390 cm Basilica di Santa Croce, Florence. ... Madonna with Child and Angels. ... Luca della Robbia (1400-1482) was a Florentine sculptor noted for his terracotta roundels. ... Desiderio da Settignano (c. ... Statue of Habacuc (popularly known as Zuccone) for the Giottos Bell Tower. ... The church of Orsanmichele (or Or San Michele), located on the Via Calzaiuoli in Florence, was originally built as a grain market in 1337. ... Coronation of the Virgin (c 1380) Panel, 182 x 94 cm National Gallery, London Agnolo Gaddi (active 1369-1396) was an Italian painter. ... The Angelic Announcement to the Shepherds (1328-30) Fresco in Cappella Baroncelli Santa Croce, Florence Taddeo Gaddi (c. ... Giotto di Bondone (c. ... Birth of the Virgin, Rinuccini Chapel, Santa Croce, Florence Giovanni da Milano (Giovanni di Jacopo di Guido da Caversaccio) was an Italian painter, known to be active in Florence and Rome between 1346 and 1369. ... Pope Sylvester I slaying a dragon and resurrecting its victims, by Maso di Banco Maso di Banco (*?; â€ 1348) was an Italian painter of the 14th century, who worked in Florence, Italy. ... Reclining Figure (1951) outside the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, is characteristic of Moores sculptures, with an abstract female figure intercut with voids. ... Andrea di Cione Arcangelo (c. ... Antonio Gamberelli (c. ... Bernardo Gamberelli, better known as Bernardo Rossellino, (c. ... Categories: Stub ... Domenico Veneziano (c. ... The Bagatti Valsecchi Museum is a not-for-profit historic house museum in the Montenapoleone district [1] of downtown Milan, northern Italy. ... A polyptych (from the Greek polu- many + ptychÄ“ fold) generally refers to a painting (usually panel painting) which is divided into four or more sections, or panels. ... Lorenzo di NiccolÃ² was active in Florence from 1391 to 1412. ...

Funerary monuments

The Basilica became popular with Florentines as a place of worship and patronage and it became customary for greatly honoured Florentines to be buried or commemorated there. Some were in chapels "owned" by wealthy families such as the Bardi and Peruzzi. As time progressed, space was also granted to notable Italians from elsewhere. For 500 years monuments were erected in the church including those to: Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 398 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (2000 Ã— 3008 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 398 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (2000 Ã— 3008 pixel, file size: 2. ...

Leone Battista Alberti (February 1404 - 25th April 1472), Italian painter, poet, linguist, philosopher, cryptographer, musician, architect, and general Renaissance polymath . ... Vittorio Alfieri painted by Davids pupil FranÃ§ois-Xavier Fabre, in Florence 1793. ... Father Eugenio Barsanti (born Pietrasanta, October 12th 1821; died Searing, Belgium, April 19th 1864), also named Nicolò, was the Italian inventor of the Internal combustion engine. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Lorenzo Bartolini by Ingres Lorenzo Bartolini (7 January 1777 Vernio, near Prato, Tuscany - 20 January 1850 Florence) was an Italian sculptor who infused his neoclassicism with a strain of sentimental piety and naturalistic detail, while he drew inspiration from the sculpture of the Florentine Renaissance rather than the overpowering influence... Joseph Bonaparte Joseph Napoleon Bonaparte, King of Naples, King of Spain (January 7, 1768 â€“ July 28, 1844) was the older brother of French Emperor Napoleon I, who made him King of Naples and Sicily (1806â€“1808) and later King of Spain. ... Leonardo Bruni Leonardo Bruni (c. ... Dante in a fresco series of famous men by Andrea del Castagno, ca. ... Ravenna is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. ... Ugo Foscolo (1778-1827), Italian writer, was born at Zakynthos in the Ionian Isles on 6 Febraury 1778. ... Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564 â€“ 8 January 1642) was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who is closely associated with the scientific revolution. ... Giovanni Gentile (IPA:) (May 30, 1875 - April 15, 1944) was an Italian neo-Hegelian Idealist philosopher, a peer of Benedetto Croce. ... Lorenzo Ghiberti on Gates of Paradise, Baptisterio, Florence self portrait Lorenzo Ghiberti (Florence, 1378 - Florence, December 1, 1455) was an Italian artist of the early Renaissance best known for works in sculpture and metalworking. ... NiccolÃ² di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (May 3, 1469 â€“ June 21, 1527) was an Italian political philosopher, musician, poet, and romantic comedic playwright. ... Innocenzo Spinazzi (1726 â€“ 1798) was an Italian sculptor of the Rococo period active in Rome and Florence. ... Michelangelo (full name Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni) (March 6, 1475 - February 18, 1564) was a Renaissance sculptor, architect, painter, and poet. ... Portrait Gioacchino Antonio Rossini (February 29, 1792 â€“ November 13, 1868)[1] was an Italian musical composer who wrote more than 30 operas as well as sacred music and chamber music. ... Princess Louise Maximilienne Caroline Emmanuele of Stolberg-Gedern (September 20, 1752 - January 29, 1824) was the wife of the Jacobite claimant to the English and Scottish thrones Charles Edward Stuart. ... Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Silvester Maria Stuart (December 31, 1720 â€“ January 31, 1788), was the exiled claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and was commonly known as Bonnie Prince Charlie. ... Guglielmo Marconi, Marchese, GCVO (25 April 1874-20 July 1937) was an Italian inventor, best known for his development of a radiotelegraph system, which served as the foundation for the establishment of numerous affiliated companies worldwide. ... Enrico Fermi (September 29, 1901 â€“ November 28, 1954) was an Italian physicist most noted for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor, and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, particle physics and statistical mechanics. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Category: Basilica churches in Florence Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (700x921, 196 KB) Summary it: Stemma del Comune di Firenze (Provincia di Firenze). ... Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... Taj Mahal Big Ben Saint Basils Cathedral For other senses of this word, see landmark (disambiguation). ... the Bargello For the type of embroidery, please visit Bargello (needlework) The Bargello palace was built in 1255 to house first the Capitano del Populo and later, in 1261, the PodestÃ , the highest magistrate of the Florence City Council, Italy. ... The Battistero di San Giovanni (Baptistery of St John) is believed to be the oldest building in Florence. ... The Boboli Gardens is a famous park in Florence, Italy that is home to a small but distinguished collection of sculptures. ... David by Michelangelo. ... The Tribute Money, fresco by Masaccio in the Brancacci Chapel. ... Giottoâ€™s bell tower (campanile) stands on the Cathedral square (Piazza del Duomo) in Florence, Italy. ... Early, tinted 20th-century photograph of the Palazzo Pitti, then still known as La Residenza Reale following the residency of King Emmanuel II between 1865â€“71, when Florence was the capital of Italy. ... The Strozzi Palace in Florence, Italy, was begun by Benedetto deMaiano, for Filippo Strozzi an unfortunate rival of Medici. ... Palazzo Vecchio The Palazzo Vecchio is the town hall of Florence, Italy. ... Ponte Vecchio over the Arno, Florence. ... Exterior from the Piazza San Lorenzo. ... The faÃ§ade and the bell tower of San Marco in Florence. ... San Miniato al Monte and the Bishops Palace The Basilica di San Miniato al Monte (Basilica of St Minias on the Mountain) stands atop one of the highest points in Florence, and has been described as the finest Romanesque structure in Tuscany and one of the most beautiful churches... Santa Maria del Fiore Santa Maria del Fiore (also known as the Duomo) is Florences cathedral, noted for its distinctive dome. ... The Romanesque-Gothic facade, completed by Leon Battista Alberti in 1470 Santa Maria Novella is a church in Florence. ... The Church of Santa Maria del Santo Spirito (St. ... The narrow courtyard between the Uffizis two wings creates the effect of a short, idealized street. ...

Contents

The building GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Art

Funerary monuments

References

External links

The building