The Basmachi Revolt, or Basmachestvo as it is called in the Russian language, was an uprising against Soviet rule in Central Asia.
The Basmachi Revolt began in 1917. Islamic traditionalists who opposed the cultural imperialism of Russia were an important component of the rebel base, but common thugs and rabble-rousers throughout Central Asia also joined the effort in large numbers. The rebels who started the revolt were called Basmachi.
The Basmachi had soon spread and multiplied across most of Turkistan. Much of Turkistan at the time was, ironically, not actually under the Soviet Russia against which the Basmachi were rebelling, but under other regimes, albeit regimes that were allied with Soviet Russia.
By the early 1920s, the Basmachi Revolt had become so widespread that the Soviet government realized they risked losing their Turkistani territory. Infighting among the Basmachi meanwhile made them weaker compared to the Soviet political establishment (who, by comparison, had a common purpose and single vision, in addition to greater military power). Lenin's government made conciliations to national sentiment in order to quell the Turkistanis' objections to being politically a part of the Soviet Union, and the revolt in 1926.
Thereafter, Turkmen resistance against the Bolsheviks was part of the general Basmachi Rebellion, which reemerged sporadically until 1931.
By 1920, however, the Red Army controlled the territory, and in 1924 the Turkmen Republic was established in accordance with the national delimitation process in Central Asia...
The several Basmachi groups had conflicting agendas and seldom coordinated their actions.
The Basmachi Revolt ( Russian : ÐоÑÑÑание баÑмаÑей), or Basmachestvo (ÐаÑмаÑеÑÑво), was an uprising against Russian and Soviet rule in Central Asia.
Other historians would argue that many ordinary peasants and nomads who opposed the cultural imperialism of Russia, and perhaps more importantly objected to Bolshevik brutality and requisitioning of food and livestock, were an important component of the rebel base.
Infighting among the Basmachi meanwhile made them weaker compared to the Soviet political establishment (who, by comparison, had a common purpose and single vision, in addition to greater military power).
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