The Basque Nationalist Party is a political party in the This article is about the Basque people. For the article of clothing, see basque (clothing). The Basques (Euskaldunak) are an indigenous people who inhabit parts of both Spain and France. They are found predominantly in four provinces in Spain and three in France. This area _ the Basque Country (Basque... Basque region of The Kingdom of Spain or Spain ( Spanish: Reino de España or España; Catalan: Regne dEspanya; Basque: Espainiako Erresuma; Galician: Reino da España) is a country located in the southwest of Europe. It shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra. To the... Spain. In Basque is the language spoken by the Basque people, who live in northern Spain and the adjoining area of southwestern France. The Standard Basque name for the language is euskara; other dialectal forms are euskera, eskuara and üskara. Although it is geographically surrounded by Indo-European languages, it is... Basque it is called Eusko Alderdi Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. Start the Jel article If you have created this page in the past few minutes and it has not yet appeared, it may not be visible due to a delay in updating the database. Please wait and check again... Jeltzalea (EAJ) and in This article is about the international language known as Spanish. For other languages spoken in Spain see Languages of Spain. Spanish or Castilian is an Iberian Romance language, and the third or fourth most spoken language in the world. It is spoken as a first language by about 352 million... Spanish it is called the Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV). In Spain it is commonly referred to as EAJ-PNV. The French branch is the Parti Nationaliste Basque. The party also has offices among the Basque diaspora, mainly The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela)1 is a country in northern South America.2 It borders the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Guyana to the east, Brazil to the south, and Colombia to the west. Off the Venezuelan coast are... Venezuela, Argentina is a country in southern South America, situated between the Andes in the west and the southern Atlantic Ocean in the east. It is bordered by Paraguay and Bolivia in the north, Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast and Chile in the west. The country is formally named Rep... Argentina, The United Mexican States or Mexico ( Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos or México; regarding the use of the variant spelling Méjico, see section The name below) is a country located in North America, bordered to the north by the United States of America, to the southeast by... Mexico, The Republic Eastern of the Uruguay (Spanish: República Oriental del Uruguay), is a Spanish speaking country located in southern South America. The nation is triangular in shape and is bordered by Brazil to the north, the Uruguay River to the west, the estuary of the Rio de la Plata... Uruguay, This article is about the country in South America; the word chile may also refer to Chilli pepper The Republic of Chile is a republic located on the southwestern coast of South America. It is a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean... Chile and the The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America¹, the States, or (archaically) Columbia — is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii... United States.

The party was founded in 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January January 5 - Dreyfus Affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his rank and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devils Island. February February 14 - First showing of Oscar Wildes last play The Importance of... 1895 by Sabino Arana Goiri (January 26, 1865 – November 25, 1903), founder of the Basque Nationalist Party. Author of several books and numerous articles arguing in favour of Basque nationalism based on the idea of the Basques as a special people. He died in Sukarrieta at the age of 38 after... Sabino de Arana y Goiri as a Catholic separatist party agitating for the restoration of Fueros is a Spanish legal term and concept; there is a similar Portuguese term, Forals. The word comes from Latin forum, an open space used as market, tribunal and meeting place. Fuero has meant several things: a compilation of laws, especially a local one; a set of laws specific to... self-government. Currently, it describes itself as Basque, democratic, participatory, plural, non-confessional and humanist. It is a moderate nationalist party which favours greater autonomy for the Basque region but opposes violence.

In its beginnings, the party established a requirement for its members to prove Basque ancestry by having a minimum In Spanish-, Portuguese-, and Catalan-speaking regions of the world, people have two surnames. One is inherited from the father, the other from the mother. Parents pass on to their children the name they inherited from their father. Spanish names In Spanish-speaking countries, the name of the father is... number of Basque surnames.

In 1921, the Arana movement split into the moderate Comunión Nacionalista Vasca ("Basque Nationalist Communion") and the independentist Aberri ("Homeland").

During the single-party dictatorship rule of general Spanish dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja (Jerez, January 8, 1870 - Paris, March 16, 1930) was a Spanish military official who ruled Spain as a dictator from 1923 to 1930, ending the turno system of alternating parties. Born into a wealthy family, he... Miguel Primo de Rivera, the nationalist parties were outlawed and persecuted. However, its activity continued under the guise of mountain (mendigoizale) and folklore clubs.

At the end of 1930, Aberri and CNV reunited under the old name of EAJ-PNV. However, a small group formed Acción Nacionalista Vasca ("Basque Nationalist Action"). It was on the moderate nationalist left, non-confessional and open to alliances with the republican and socialist parties fighting against the dictatorship.

The Second Spanish Republic

1934-1935

The division between autonomism and independentism appeared again during the Flag of the Spanish Republics. The Second Spanish Republic (1931 – 1939) was the second period in Spanish history in which the election of both the positions of Head of State and Head of government were in the hands of the people. The First Spanish Republic was from 1873 –... second Spanish Republic. Headed by Eli Gallastegi, a small group of radical independentists, gathered around the weekly Jagi-Jagi and the Mountaineer Federation of Biscay, left the party. They rejected the autonomy that PNV was working for.

The Spanish civil war and Franco's rule

After the coup of (Redirected from 18th July) July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 166 days remaining. Events 390 BC - Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, leading to the subsequent sacking of Rome. AD 64 - Great... 18th July 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-February January 15 -- The first building to be completely covered in glass is completed in Toledo, Ohio, for the Owens-Illinois Glass Company. January 20 - Death of George V of the United Kingdom. His... 1936, the party felt torn. It shared the rebel side's Catholicism and there was pressure from the Vatican may refer to: Holy See Roman Curia Vatican City Vatican Hill Vatican Palace Vatican Library This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you here, you might want to go back and... Vatican to keep away from the Republic, but the promised autonomy and anti-Fascism led them to side with the legitimate republican government:

• The Biscayne and Guipuzcoan branches, the more important in number, declared support for the republic, democracy and anti-Fascism in the ensuing Alternative meaning: Spanish Civil War, 1820-1823 A republican soldier seeks cover on the Plaza de Toros in Teruel, east of Madrid. The Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1939) was the result of complex political differences between the Republicans — supporters of the government of the day, the Second Spanish Republic... Spanish Civil War.
• In the territory seized by the rebels, PNV members faced tough times:
  • The Alavese and Navarrese committees published notes refusing support to the Republic.
  • Some nationalists could flee to France or the Republican area.
  • Some faced the rebel forces, ending in prison or shot.
  • Some joined the Carlism was a conservative political movement in Spain, purporting to establish an alternative branch of the Bourbons in the Spanish throne. The Origins The dynastic issue 13th May 1713, Felipe V of Spain, first of the Spanish Bourbons, through an Auto Acordado changes the traditional order of succession to the... Carlist batallions, either out of conviction or to avoid attacks.
  • The repression was focused on leftists, but nationalists were also targeted. The party premises and press were closed in that month of July.

Initially, the Defence Committees in Biscay and Guipuzcoa were dominated by the The Frente Popular (Spanish Popular Front) was an electoral coalition and pact signed in January 1936 by various left-wing political organisations, instigated by Manuel Azaña for the purpose of contesting that years election. The Popular Front included the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE), Workers General Union (UGT), Communist... Popular Front. Although with enough difficulties, Basque autonomy was granted within the Flag of the Spanish Republics. The Second Spanish Republic (1931 – 1939) was the second period in Spanish history in which the election of both the positions of Head of State and Head of government were in the hands of the people. The First Spanish Republic was from 1873 –... Second Spanish Republic and the new Basque Government inmediately organized the Eusko Gudarostea was the name of the Basque national army during the Spanish civil war. It was formed by Basque nationalists, Socialists and Communists, under the direction of lendakari José Antonio Aguirre and coordinating with the army of the Second Spanish Republic. It fought the troups of Francisco Franco during... Basque Army, consisting of A militia is a group of citizens organized to provide paramilitary service. The word can have four slightly different meanings: An official reserve army, composed of non-professional soldiers The national police forces in the Russia, and other CIS countries, and the Soviet Union: Militsiya The entire able-bodied population... militias recruited by each of the political organizations, including PNV.

José Antonio Aguirre, the party leader, became the first The President of the Basque Country is referred to as Lehendakari (literally, firstlier) in Basque, or Eusko Jaurlaritzako Lehendakari (President of the Basque Government); the Spanish title is Presidente del Gobierno Vasco. Lehendakari Before the establishment of Standard Basque in the 1970s, it was spelled Euzko Jaurlaritzaren Lendakari. Incidentally, both... lendakari (Basque president) of the wartime multipartite Basque Government, ruling the unconquered parts of Biscay and Guipuzcoa. After the surrendering of the Eusko Gudarostea was the name of the Basque national army during the Spanish civil war. It was formed by Basque nationalists, Socialists and Communists, under the direction of lendakari José Antonio Aguirre and coordinating with the army of the Second Spanish Republic. It fought the troups of Francisco Franco during... Basque Army to the Italian The Corpo Truppe Volontarie (Division of Volunteer Troops) was an Italian expeditionary force which was sent to Spain when Franco during the Spanish Civil War. Soon after the beginning of civil war in Spain, Benito Mussolini decided to give the Spanish Nationalists his help. At the beginning of civil war... Corpo Truppe Volontari in Santoña (1937), the exile government moved to Barcelona until the fall of Capital Barcelona Official languages Spanish and Catalan In Val dAran, also Aranese. Area  - total  - % of Spain Ranked 6th 32 114 km² 6,3% Population  - Total (2003)  - % of Spain  - Density Ranked 2nd 6 506 440 15,6% 190,73/km² Demonym  - English  - Catalan... Catalonia and then out of Spain to the exile, first to The French Republic or France ( French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. France is a democracy organised as a... France where they organized the camps and services with the president heading it personally. He was in The Kingdom of Belgium ( Dutch: Koninkrijk België, French: Royaume de Belgique, German: Königreich Belgien) is a country in Western Europe, bordered by the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, France, and the North Sea. Belgium is at a cultural crossroad between Germanic Europe and Romance Europe. It has Dutch speakers... Belgium when Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945, standard German pronunciation in the IPA) was the Führer (leader) of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) and of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. He was also Chancellor of Germany, head of government, and head... Hitler occupied that country and so he started a long travel to For other uses, see Berlin (disambiguation). Berlin [ bɛrˈliːn ] is the national capital of Germany and its largest city, with 3,387,404 inhabitants (as of September 2004); down from 4.5 million before World War II. Berlin is located on the rivers Spree and... Berlin under a false identity. Under the protection of a Panamanian ambassador, he got to reach Sweden and dodging the SS or ss or Ss may be: The Schutzstaffel, a Nazi paramilitary force Steamship (SS) (ship prefix) The United States Secret Service A submarine not powered by nuclear energy (SS) (United States Navy designator), see SSN A Soviet/Russian surface-to-surface missile, as listed by NATO reporting name Shortstop... SS German intelligency, he arrived to Brazil and Uruguay, where his dignity was reinstated and given visa to New York, where he stablished under the protection of American-Basques as teacher of Columbia University. When the The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America¹, the States, or (archaically) Columbia — is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii... United States decided to back Franco in 1952 he went to France anew where the Basque Government in exile was established. Also, he learned there that the pro- The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). Black, white, and red were in fact the colors of the old North German Confederation flag (invented by Otto von Bismarck, based on... Nazi Vichy France (French: now called Régime de Vichy or Vichy; called itself at the time État Français, or French State) was the French state of 1940-1944 which was a puppet government under Nazi influence, as opposed to the Free French Forces, based first in London and later... French government of Vichy confiscated the Basque Government's building and that Portrait of General Charles de Gaulle. Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (November 22, 1890 - November 9, 1970), in France commonly referred to as général de Gaulle, was a French general and politician. Prior to the Second World War, he was mostly known as a tactician of tank... De Gaulle maintained it under the Franco government's possession, a building that today is ironically the Instituto Cervantes premises. Anyway, the president of the government in exile was always a PNV member and even the sole Spanish representative in the The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization made up of 191 states established in 1945. With the notable exception of the Holy See/ Vatican City (which is the sole permanent observer state), all countries recognized by the CIA as first-level sovereign entities, are members. Other entities recognized... United Nations was the Basque appointee Jesús de Galíndez until his murder in an obscure episode at the time of Spanish entry into the United Nations. He also decided to put the large Basque exiles' network at the service of the In general, allies are people or groups that have joined an alliance and are working together to achieve some common purpose. In general English usage, those who share a common goal and whose work toward that goal is complementary may be viewed as allies for various purposes even when no... Allied side and collaborated with the US Secretary of State and the This article is about the foreign intelligence service of the United States of America. For other uses of the term CIA, see CIA (disambiguation). The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is one of the three American foreign intelligence agencies, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals... CIA during the The Cold War ( 1947- 1991) was the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between groups of nations practicing different ideologies and political systems. On one side was the Soviet Union and its allies, often referred to as the Eastern bloc. On the other side were the... Cold War to fight Communism in Spanish America.

Recent years

To date, PNV has dominated in every administration of the Basque Country (Basque Euskadi, Spanish País Vasco) is an autonomous community of Spain whose capital is Vitoria (Basque Gasteiz). It is part of the larger Basque native lands, which are also called the “Basque Country.” The following Spanish provinces make up Basque Country: Álava (Basque Araba), capital... Basque government, although the The Spanish Socialist Workers Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español or PSOE) is one of the main parties of Spain. It is a social democratic party, a member of the Socialist International. José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero in a meeting in San Sebastián It has had strong ties with... socialist Ramón Rubial started being head of the Basque General Council until the first autonomous elections.

It was a founder part of the The International Democrat Union is an international grouping of conservative and, in some cases, Christian democratic parties. Headquartered in London, its members include: CDU/CSU (Germany) Conservative Party of Canada Conservative and Unionist Party (United Kingdom) Hannara (Grand National Party, Republic of Korea) Kuomintang (Republic of China on Taiwan) Liberal... Christian Democrat International. Now the party has joined the recently formed The European Democratic Party (EDP) is a centrist European political party, founded shortly after the European Elections in 2004. Members are: François Bayrous UDF (France) Margherita (Italy) Labour Party (Lithuania) Path of Change (Cesta zmeny) (Czech Republic) Cooperation with ELDR The meeting of the Parliamentary Group of the... European Democratic Party, with the French Union pour la Démocratie Française, the former European officer Romano Prodi (Scandiano, Reggio Emilia August 9, 1939) is an Italian politician and a former President of the European Commission. He earned a degree in law from the Catholic University of Milan and later studied at the London School of Economics. This began a career in Italys academia as... Romano Prodi and other parties.

Position in recent referenda

PNV called for:

• Abstention in the Referendum for The Spanish Constitution of 1978 is the culmination of the Spanish transition to democracy. Origins See constitution of Spain for the constitutional history of Spain, dating back to the constitution of 1812. As part of the Spanish transition to democracy after the death of dictator Francisco Franco in 1975, a... Spanish Constitution in Events January January 1 - The Copyright Act of 1976 takes effect, making sweeping changes to United States copyright law. January 1 - Air Indias Boeing 747 explodes near Bombay - 213 dead. January 4 - Referendum in Chile supports policies of Augusto Pinochet. January 7 - Emilio Palma is born in Antarctica, making... 1978.
• Yes to permanence of Spain in the For the National Association of Theatre Owners, please see National Association of Theatre Owners. The flag of NATO NATO 2002 Summit The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), sometimes called North Atlantic Alliance, Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for defence collaboration established in 1949, in support... NATO in 1986 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events January January 1 - Spain and Portugal enter the European Community January 1 - Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands and is separated from the Netherlands Antilles. January 9 - After losing a patent battle with Polaroid, Kodak leaves... 1986. PNV called to vote Bai, (Yes in Basque language) even though electoral rules were to count only votes in Spanish, while votes in other languages would count as void. On the last week of the campaign, Spanish administration changed the rules so as to count votes in the co-official languages of Spain. The Yes won the vote in Spain, but the No was the first choice among the electors of the Basque Auntonomous Community.
• Yes to the The Treaty establishing a constitution for Europe is a proposed constitutional treaty for the European Union. Its main aim is to replace the overlapping set of existing treaties that provides the current constitution for the Union. Despite its name, it only covers the European Union, not Europe in the geographical... European Constitution proposal in the referenda held in Spain in 21st February is the second month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. It is the shortest Gregorian month and the only month with the length of 28 or 29 days. The month has 29 days in leap years, when the year number (eg 2004) is a multiple of four (but... February, 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. Events January Iraqi police officers hold up their index fingers marked with purple indelible ink, a security measure to prevent double voting. Worldwide aid effort continues to develop in response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. January 3... 2005.

See also

• Eusko Gaztedia, EAJ/PNV youth movement
• Euzkadi is a name coined for the Basque Country by Sabino Arana, theorist of Basque nationalism, first registered in 1896 and still used by his followers. In the second half of the XIX century, the terms Euzkaria and Euzkadia had already been used. The form Euskadi, closer to the Basque... Euzkadi
• The Gernika oak is a symbol of Basque freedoms. The Basque nationalist movement had its roots in the early 1876 when the Spanish government revoked the fueros or Basque legal systems and juridical identity, which meant then the last remnants of Basque sovereignity. The Fueros were the Basque constitutional system... Basque nationalism

External links

• EAJ-PNV page in English (http://www.eaj-pnv.com/)
• Basque Nationalism Museum (http://www.abertzaletasunarenmuseoa.org/)
• The cradle of Basque nationalism (http://www.sabinetxea.org/)
• Manifiesto y Organización del Partido Nacionalista Vasco (http://www.euskadi.net/q56/q56ControladorServlet?mapping=detalleMonografia.do&accion=2&idObjeto=2434521&idLibro=09600001744), PNV's internal rules from 1906. As heavy scanned JPEG images of Spanish text.