It has been suggested that Alderdi Eguna be merged into this article or section. (See the discussions in Basque Nationalist Party and Alderdi Eguna.)

This article is part of the series Politics of Spain

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The Basque Nationalist Party is a political party in the Basque region of Spain. In Basque it is called Eusko Alderdi Jeltzalea (EAJ) and in Spanish it is called the Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV). In Spain it is commonly referred to as EAJ-PNV. The French branch is the Parti Nationaliste Basque. The party also has offices among the Basque diaspora, mainly Venezuela, Argentina, Mexico, Uruguay, Chile and the United States. This article is about the Basque people. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... This article needs to be wikified. ...

The party was founded in 1895 by Sabino de Arana y Goiri as a Catholic separatist racist party agitating for the restoration of self-government. Currently, it describes itself as Basque, democratic, participatory, plural, non-confessional and humanist. It is a moderate nationalist party which favours greater autonomy for the Basque region but opposes violence. 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Sabino Arana Goiri (January 26, 1865 – November 25, 1903), founder of the Basque Nationalist Party. ... Fueros is a Spanish legal term and concept; there is a similar Portuguese term, Forals. ...

In its beginnings, the party established a requirement for its members to prove Basque ancestry by having a minimum number of Basque surnames. In Spanish, Portuguese, and Catalan speaking regions of the world, people have at least two surnames. ...

In 1921, the Arana movement split into the moderate Comunión Nacionalista Vasca ("Basque Nationalist Communion") and the independentist Aberri ("Homeland").

During the single-party dictatorship rule of general Miguel Primo de Rivera, the nationalist parties were outlawed and persecuted. However, its activity continued under the guise of mountain (mendigoizale) and folklore clubs. A single-party state or one-party system or single-party system is a type of party system and form of government where only a single political party dominates the government and no opposition parties are allowed. ... Spanish dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja (Jerez, January 8, 1870 - Paris, March 16, 1930) was a Spanish military official who ruled Spain as a dictator from 1923 to 1930, ending the turno system of alternating parties. ...

At the end of 1930, Aberri and CNV reunited under the old name of EAJ-PNV. However, a small group formed Acción Nacionalista Vasca ("Basque Nationalist Action"). It was on the moderate nationalist left, non-confessional and open to alliances with the republican and socialist parties fighting against the dictatorship.

The Second Spanish Republic

1934-1935

The division between autonomism and independentism appeared again during the second Spanish Republic. Headed by Eli Gallastegi, a small group of radical independentists, gathered around the weekly Jagi-Jagi and the Mountaineer Federation of Biscay, left the party. They rejected the autonomy that PNV was working for. Flag of the Second Spanish Republic The Second Spanish Republic (1931 – 1939) was the second period in Spanish history in which the election of both the positions of Head of State and Head of government were in the hands of the people. ...

The Spanish civil war and Franco's rule

After the coup of 18th July 1936, the party felt torn. It shared the rebel side's Catholicism and there was pressure from the Vatican to keep away from the Republic, but the promised autonomy and anti-Fascism led them to side with the legitimate republican government: (Redirected from 18th July) July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

• The Biscayne and Guipuzcoan branches, the more important in number, declared support for the republic, democracy and anti-Fascism in the ensuing Spanish Civil War.
• In the territory seized by the rebels, PNV members faced tough times:
  • The Alavese and Navarrese committees published notes refusing support to the Republic.
  • Some nationalists could flee to France or the Republican area.
  • Some faced the rebel forces, ending in prison or shot.
  • Some joined the Carlist batallions, either out of conviction or to avoid attacks.
  • The repression was focused on leftists, but nationalists were also targeted. The party premises and press were closed in that month of July.

Initially, the Defence Committees in Biscay and Guipuzcoa were dominated by the Popular Front. Although with enough difficulties, Basque autonomy was granted within the Second Spanish Republic and the new Basque Government inmediately organized the Basque Army, consisting of militias recruited by each of the political organizations, including PNV. History of Spain Series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History The Spanish Civil War (July 1936... Carlism was a conservative political movement in Spain, purporting to establish an alternative branch of the Bourbons in the Spanish throne. ... The Frente Popular (Spanish Popular Front) was an electoral coalition and pact signed in January 1936 by various left-wing political organisations, instigated by Manuel Azaña for the purpose of contesting that years election. ... Flag of the Second Spanish Republic The Second Spanish Republic (1931 – 1939) was the second period in Spanish history in which the election of both the positions of Head of State and Head of government were in the hands of the people. ... Eusko Gudarostea was the name of the Basque national army during the Spanish civil war. ... A militia is a group of citizens organized to provide paramilitary service. ...

José Antonio Aguirre, the party leader, became the first lendakari (Basque president) of the wartime multipartite Basque Government, ruling the unconquered parts of Biscay and Guipuzcoa. After the surrendering of the Basque Army to the Italian Corpo Truppe Volontari in Santoña (1937), the exile government moved to Barcelona until the fall of Catalonia and then out of Spain to the exile, first to France where they organized the camps and services with the president heading it personally. He was in Belgium when Hitler occupied that country and so he started a long travel to Berlin under a false identity. Under the protection of a Panamanian ambassador, he got to reach Sweden and dodging the SS German intelligency, he arrived to Brazil and Uruguay, where his dignity was reinstated and given visa to New York, where he stablished under the protection of American-Basques as teacher of Columbia University. When the United States decided to back Franco in 1952 he went to France anew where the Basque Government in exile was established. Also, he learned there that the pro-Nazi French government of Vichy confiscated the Basque Government's building and that De Gaulle maintained it under the Franco government's possession, a building that today is ironically the Instituto Cervantes premises. Anyway, the president of the government in exile was always a PNV member and even the sole Spanish representative in the United Nations was the Basque appointee Jesús de Galíndez until his murder in an obscure episode at the time of Spanish entry into the United Nations. He also decided to put the large Basque exiles' network at the service of the Allied side and collaborated with the US Secretary of State and the CIA during the Cold War to fight Communism in Spanish America. José Antonio Aguirre Lecube (Bilbao, March 6, 1904–Paris, March 22, 1960) was a Spanish political figure. ... The President of the Basque Country is referred to as Lehendakari (literally, firstlier) in Basque, or Eusko Jaurlaritzako Lehendakari (President of the Basque Government); the Spanish title is Presidente del Gobierno Vasco. ... Eusko Gudarostea was the name of the Basque national army during the Spanish civil war. ... The Corpo Truppe Volontarie (Division of Volunteer Troops) was an Italian expeditionary force which was sent to Spain when Franco during the Spanish Civil War. ... Capital Barcelona Official languages Spanish and Catalan In Val dAran, also Aranese. ... Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945, standard German pronunciation in the IPA) was the Führer (leader) of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) and of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. ...   Berlin? (pronounced: , German ) is the capital of Germany and its largest city, with 3,426,000 inhabitants (as of January 2005); down from 4. ... SS or ss or Ss may be: The Schutzstaffel, a Nazi paramilitary force Steamship (SS) (ship prefix) The United States Secret Service A submarine not powered by nuclear energy (SS) (United States Navy designator), see SSN A Soviet/Russian surface-to-surface missile, as listed by NATO reporting name Shortstop... The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ... Vichy France, or the Vichy regime (in French, now called: Régime de Vichy or Vichy; at the time, called itself: État Français, or French State) was the de facto French government of 1940-1944 during the Nazi Germany occupation of World War II. The Vichy position that it was the... Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (  listen?) (November 22, 1890 – November 9, 1970), in France commonly referred to as le général de Gaulle, was a French military leader and statesman. ... Created by the Spanish government in 1991 the Instituto Cervantes is a worldwide non-profit organisation dedicated to the teaching of Spanish as a second language, as well as the promotion of Spanish and Hispanic American culture throughout non-Spanish-speaking countries. ... The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization established in 1945 and now made up of 191 states. ... In general, allies are people or groups that have joined an alliance and are working together to achieve some common purpose. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is one of the American foreign intelligence agencies, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... The Cold War was the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies. ...

Recent years

ETA was created by members of the Basque Nationalist Party in 1959. ETA logo Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, or ETA (IPA: [ˈɛːta]), is a Basque terrorist organization that seeks, through violence, to create an independent socialist state for the Basque people, separate from Spain and France, the states that currently control the Basque country. ...

To date, PNV has dominated in every administration of the Basque government, although the socialist Ramón Rubial started being head of the Basque General Council until the first autonomous elections. Capital Vitoria-Gasteiz Official languages Basque and Spanish Area  – Total  – % of Spain Ranked 14th  7 234 km²  1,4% Population  – Total (2003)  – % of Spain  – Density Ranked 7th  2 108 281  5,0%  291,44/km² Demonym  – English  – Basque  – Spanish  Basque  euskal herritar, euskaldun  vasco/a, vascongado/a Statute of Autonomy... The Spanish Socialist Workers Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español or PSOE) is one of the main parties of Spain. ...

It was a founder part of the Christian Democrat International. Now the party has joined the recently formed European Democratic Party, with the French Union pour la Démocratie Française, the former European officer Romano Prodi and other parties. The International Democrat Union is an international grouping of conservative and, in some cases, Christian democratic parties. ... The European Democratic Party (EDP) is a centrist European political party very strongly in favour of European integration (europeanist). It was initiated on April 16, 2004 and formally founded on December 9 in Brussels. ... The Union for French Democracy, also known by its French acronym UDF (Union pour la Démocratie Française), is a French center-right political party. ... Romano Prodi (Scandiano, Reggio Emilia August 9, 1939) is an Italian politician and a former President of the European Commission. ...

Position in recent referenda

PNV called for:

• Abstention in the Referendum for Spanish Constitution in 1978.
• Yes to permanence of Spain in the NATO in 1986. PNV called to vote Bai, (Yes in Basque language) even though electoral rules were to count only votes in Spanish, while votes in other languages would count as void. On the last week of the campaign, Spanish administration changed the rules so as to count votes in the co-official languages of Spain. The Yes won the vote in Spain, but the No was the first choice among the electors of the Basque Auntonomous Community.
• Yes to the European Constitution proposal in the referenda held in Spain in 21st February, 2005.

The Spanish Constitution of 1978 is the culmination of the Spanish transition to democracy. ... 1978 was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... The flag of NATO NATO 2002 Summit The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), sometimes called North Atlantic Alliance, Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for defence collaboration established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, D.C., on April 4, 1949. ... 1986 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, commonly referred to as the European Constitution, is an international treaty signed in 2004 and currently awaiting ratification, intended to create a constitution for the European Union. ... February is the second month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ...

See also

• Alderdi Eguna, the "Party Day", a yearly festival for EAJ-PNV followers.
• Eusko Gaztedia, EAJ/PNV youth movement
• Euzkadi
• Basque nationalism
• ETA

Alderdi Eguna es el día del Partido Nacionalista Vasco, que se celebra anualmente el último domingo de Septiembre, domingo más cercano al día de San Miguel, patrón de Euskal Herria, así como de este partido. ... Eusko Gaztedia, or EGI, is the youth association of the EAJ-PNV, the Basque National Party. ... Euzkadi is a name coined for the Basque Country by Sabino Arana, theorist of Basque nationalism, first registered in 1896 and still used by his followers. ... The Gernika oak is a symbol of Basque freedoms. ... ETA logo Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, or ETA (IPA: [ˈɛːta]), is a Basque terrorist organization that seeks, through violence, to create an independent socialist state for the Basque people, separate from Spain and France, the states that currently control the Basque country. ...

External links

• EAJ-PNV page in English
• Basque Nationalism Museum
• The cradle of Basque nationalism
• Manifiesto y Organización del Partido Nacionalista Vasco, PNV's internal rules from 1906. As heavy scanned JPEG images of Spanish text.