A bathtub

A bath (IPA: /bɑ:θ/), bathtub (AmE), or tub (informal) is a plumbing fixture used for bathing. Most modern bathtubs are made of acrylic or fiberglass, but alternatives are available in enamel over steel or cast iron, and occasionally wood. A bathtub is usually placed in a bathroom either as a stand-alone fixture or in conjunction with a shower. For other uses, see World Trade Center (disambiguation). ... The Bathtub refers to the underground foundation area at the site of the World Trade Center and accompanying buildings in New York City in the United States of America. ... In reliability theory, the bathtub curve is the phenomenon that the fraction of products failing in a given timespan is usually high early in the lifecycle, low in the middle, and rising strongly towards the end. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2288x1712, 345 KB) Summary Cast Iron Clawfoot bathtub, photo taken by Yannick Trottier, 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Bathtub Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2288x1712, 345 KB) Summary Cast Iron Clawfoot bathtub, photo taken by Yannick Trottier, 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Bathtub Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... For other uses, see American English (disambiguation). ... Tub may refer to: A large round container without a lid - used for washing clothes in, growing plants in, etc. ... Slang is the use of highly informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speakers dialect or language. ... A plumbing fixture is a device which is part of a system to deliver and drain away water, but which is also configured to enable a particular use. ... Children bathing in a small metal bathtub Bathing is the immersion of the body in fluid, usually water, or an aqueous solution. ... Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or poly (methyl 2-methylpropenoate) is the synthetic polymer of methyl methacrylate. ... Bundle of fiberglass Fiberglass (also called fibreglass and glass fibre) is material made from extremely fine fibers of glass. ... In a discussion of art technology, enamel (or vitreous enamel, or porcelain enamel in American English) is the colorful result of fusion of powdered glass to a substrate through the process of firing, usually between 750 and 850 degrees Celsius. ... For other uses, see Steel (disambiguation). ... Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but can mean any of a group of iron-based alloys containing more than 2% carbon (alloys with less carbon are carbon steel by definition). ... For other uses, see Wood (disambiguation). ... A typical American bathroom A bathroom is a room that may have different functions depending on the cultural context. ... It has been suggested that Steam shower be merged into this article or section. ...

Modern bathtubs encompass an overflow and waste and may have taps mounted on them. They may be built-in or free standing or sometimes sunken. Until recently, most bathtubs were roughly rectangular in shape but with the advent of acrylic thermoformed baths, more shapes are becoming available. Bathtubs are commonly white in colour although many other colours can be found. The process for enamelling cast iron bathtubs was invented by the Scottish born American David Dunbar Buick. Indoor Tap - commonly found in the bathroom/laundry and/or kitchen. ... A vacuum/pressure assist thermoforming machine with molds visible in the lower right. ... In a discussion of art technology, enamel (or vitreous enamel, or porcelain enamel in American English) is the colorful result of fusion of powdered glass to a substrate through the process of firing, usually between 750 and 850 degrees Celsius. ... Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but can mean any of a group of iron-based alloys containing more than 2% carbon (alloys with less carbon are carbon steel by definition). ... Scottish can refer to: Look up Scottish in Wiktionary, the free dictionary (as an adjective) things to do with Scotland (see also Scots and Scotch) (as a noun) the Scottish people. ... David Dunbar Buick David Dunbar Buick (September 17, 1854 - March 5, 1929) was a Scottish-American inventor best known for founding the Buick Motor Company. ...

Two main styles of bathtub are common:

• Western-style bathtubs in which the bather lies down. These baths are typically shallow and long.
• Eastern style bathtubs in which the bather sits up. These are known as ofuro in Japan and are typically short and deep.

A modern acrylic ofuro in a Japanese apartment. ...

Tub bathing

Soap and bath salts may be used when bathing. A bath is often used as a technique to temporarily relieve body aches and pain.

Clawfoot Tub

The Clawfoot Tub or Claw Foot Tub is typically made of cast iron; acrylic versions are also available. Once considered a luxury item, modern technology has contributed to a drop in the price of clawfoot tubs. Hence, while true antique clawfoot tubs are still considered collectible items, restored, and coveted by some, new reproduction clawfoot tubs are chosen by some remodellers and new home builders today.

Clawfoot tubs come in 5 major styles:

• Classic Roll Rim, Roll Top, or Flat Rim tubs as seen in the picture above.
• Slipper tubs - where one end is raised and sloped creating a more comfortable lounging position.
• Double Slipper Tubs - where both ends are raised and sloped.
• Double Ended Tubs - where both ends of the tub are rounded. Notice how one end of the classic tub is rounded and one is fairly flat.
• Pedestal Tub - Pedestal tubs, unlike all the styles listed above, do not have claw feet. The tub rests on a pedestal in what most would term an art deco style. Evidence of pedestal tubs dates back to the Isle of Crete in 1000 BC.

Baby bathtub

A baby bathtub is one used for bathing infants, especially those not yet old enough to sit up on their own. These can be either a small, stand-alone bath that is filled with water from another source, or a device for supporting the baby that is placed in a standard bathtub. Both types are designed to allow the baby to recline while keeping its head out of the water; however, the baby must always be supported by an adult as well.

A Short History of Bathing

Main article: Bathing

Documented early plumbing systems go back as far as around 3300 BC with the discovery of copper water pipes beneath a palace in the Indus River Valley in India. Evidence of the first personal sized bath tub was found on the Isle of Crete where a 5 foot long pedestal tub was found built from hardened pottery. This tub is the most likely forefather of the classic 19th century clawfoot tub. Children bathing in a small metal bathtub Bathing is the immersion of the body in fluid, usually water, or an aqueous solution. ... The Indus River (Urdu: Sindh; Sindhi: Sindhu; Sanskrit and Hindi: सिन्धु ; Persian: حندو ; Pashto: ّآباسنFather of Rivers; Tibetan: Lion River; Chinese: Yìndù; Greek: Ινδός Indos) is the longest and most important river in Pakistan and one of the most important rivers on the Indian subcontinent and has given the country India its... For other uses, see Crete (disambiguation). ...

The Roman Empire is most widely known as the early champions of bathing. Around 500 BC Roman citizens were encouraged to bathe daily in one of the many public baths. Private bathing rooms were far more ornate and typically would resemble shallow swimming pools that encompassed the entire room. The Romans used marble for the tubs, lead and bronze for pipes, and created a complex sewage system for sanitation purposes. The Roman empire set the early bar for modern personal hygiene. For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... Urban areas require some method for collection and disposal of sewage. ...

Contrary to popular belief, bathing and sanitation were not a lost practice with the collapse of the Roman Empire. Soapmaking first became an established trade during the Early Middle Ages. Also, contrary to myth, chamberpots were not disposed of out the window and into streets in the Middle Ages -- this was instead a Roman practice. Bathing in fact did not fall out of fashion until shortly after the Renaissance, replaced with the heavy use of sweat-bathing and perfume, as it was thought that water could carry disease into the body through the skin. Modern sanitation was not widely adopted until the 19th and 20th centuries. Soapmaking is the process of creating soap from raw ingredients such as fats, oils and lye. ... Justinians wife Theodora and her retinue, in a 6th century mosaic from the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. ... This article is about the European Renaissance of the 14th-17th centuries. ... Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils and aroma compounds, fixatives, and solvents used to give the human body, objects, and living spaces a pleasant smell. ...

The bathtub's modern spouse, the toilet, had problems gaining acceptance. Sir John Harington invented the first flushing toilet for himself and for his godmother, Queen Elizabeth I, in 1596. When Harington published a book describing his invention, he was roundly chided by peers, embarrassing him to the point of retirement from plumbing. His two toilets were the only ones he ever produced. The next water closet would not be seen for 200 years when it was introduced by Alexander Cummings in 1775. This event would mark the very beginnings of the modern bathroom. For other uses, see Toilet (disambiguation). ... Sir John Harington, 2nd Baron Harington of Exton Sir John Harington (1561 – November 20, 1612) was known as Queen Elizabeth Is saucy Godson. He was born in Kelston, Somerset, England. ... Elizabeth I Queen of England and Ireland Queen of France, nominal title Elizabeth I (September 7, 1533–March 24, 1603) was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from November 17, 1558 until her death. ... Flush toilet A flush toilet or water closet is a toilet that disposes of the waste products by using water to sweep them away down a drainpipe. ... Alexander Cumming invented the flush toilet under English patent number 814 in 1775. ...

It was now time for the piping to catch up with the fixtures. Until the 19th century, most water pipes in the US were made from hollow trees. In the early 1800s, cast-iron production began reducing American reliance on England for this material. Finally, in 1848, The National Public Health Act was passed in the US, creating a plumbing code for the first time.

In 1883, Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Company and Kohler Company began producing cast-iron bathtubs. Far from the ornate feet and luxury most associated with clawfoot tubs, an early Kohler example was advertised as a "horse trough/hog scalder, when furnished with four legs will serve as a bathtub." The item's use as hog scalder was considered a more important marketing point than its ability to function as a bathtub. Everyone knew what a hog scalder or horse trough was, but many people at that time had never bathed in a tub. The tubs eventually caught on because of the sanitary and easy-to-clean surfaces that prevent the spread of disease. The Kohler Company is a manufacturing company in Kohler, Wisconsin best known for its plumbing products. ...

A few years later, Thomas Twyford created the first valveless toilet constructed from china. Before this time, toilets were normally made from metal and wood. Thomas Crapper would gain infamy as the inventor of the modern toilet when he bought the rights to a patent for a "Silent Valveless Water Waste Preventer", but he did not invent the toilet. Thomas William Twyford (1849-1921) was a Pottery manufacturer in England. ... Thomas Crapper (baptized September 28, 1836; d. ...

Bathtub Drain Firestop, as shown, top and bottom. This firestop consists of a bounded firestop mortar on top and rockwool packing on the bottom. The drain pipe is made of copper.

The bathing world was rocked by controversy when a completely inaccurate account of bathing and bathtub history was published by H.L. Mencken in 1917. What began as a light attempt at humor ended up being adopted by the public and even reputable publications. While perhaps good reading, Mencken's account of laws prohibiting bathing, and much more, is not true. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 398 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (3052 × 4592 pixel, file size: 971 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Bathtub ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 398 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (3052 × 4592 pixel, file size: 971 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Bathtub ... Look up drain in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Firestop after fire exposure during fire test in Tulsa, Oklahoma. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Firestop mortar, starts as a powder, is mixed with water, forms cement stone, dries hard, is often leavened with lightweight aggregates, such as perlite or vermiculite and pigmented to distinguish it from generic materials in an effort to prevent unlawful substitution and to enable verification of bounding. ... PIPE can refer to PIPE (explosive) PIPE Networks Private Investment in Public Equity (PIPE) Physical Interface for PCI Express (PIPE) For other meanings, see also pipe. ... Copper has played a significant part in the history of mankind, which has used the easily accessible uncompounded metal for nearly 10,000 years. ... On December 28, 1917, an article titled A Neglected Anniversary by H.L. Mencken was published in the New York Evening Mail. ... H. L. (Henry Louis) Mencken (September 12, 1880 - January 29, 1956) was a twentieth century journalist and social critic, a cynic and a freethinker, known as the Sage of Baltimore and the American Nietzsche. He is often regarded as one of the most influential American writers of the early 20th...

The end of World War I resulted in a housing construction boom in the United States and a new conception of the purpose-built modern bathroom. Bathrooms prior to World War I were typically converted bedrooms or spare rooms, not rooms built originally to contain bathroom fixtures. Complete with toilet, sink, and tub, the modern bathroom was a feature of 100% of new homes by the end of the 20th century, whereas only 1% of homes had had bathrooms in 1921. “The Great War ” redirects here. ...

In the latter half of the 20th century, the once popular clawfoot tub morphed into a built-in tub with a small apron front. This enclosed style afforded easier maintenance and, with the emergence of colored sanitary ware, more design options for the homeowner. The Crane Company introduced colored bathroom fixtures to the US market in 1928, and slowly this influx of design options and easier cleaning and care led to the near demise of clawfoot-style tubs.

Firestopping a Bathtub Drain

If the bathtub is located in a building with multiple stories, where the floors are required to have a fire-resistance rating, the drain from the bathtub causes a service penetration firestop to be required, which must be built and bounded in accordance with the provisions of the local building code. In the case of the picture to the right, the drain pipe is made of copper, which is non-combustible. Since the pipe itself will not give way in the event of a fire, the firestop can be made of conventional means, such as firestop mortar or silicone sealant, each topping off a bounded packing material. If the pipe were made of plastic, however, the firestop would likely involve intumescent materials, which would expand in the event of a fire, in order to choke off and seal the melting and disappearing plastic pipe. Old Executive Office Building, Washington D.C. Bank of China Tower, Hong Kong, China In architecture, construction, engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following: Any man-made structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy, or An... International time/temperature curves used to run commercial furnaces for testing the Fire-resistance rating of passive fire protection systems, such as firestops, fire doors, wall and floor assemblies, etc. ... Firestop after fire exposure during fire test in Tulsa, Oklahoma. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A building code, or building control, is a set of rules that specify the minimum acceptable level of safety for constructed objects such as buildings and nonbuilding structures. ... PIPE can refer to PIPE (explosive) PIPE Networks Private Investment in Public Equity (PIPE) Physical Interface for PCI Express (PIPE) For other meanings, see also pipe. ... Copper has played a significant part in the history of mankind, which has used the easily accessible uncompounded metal for nearly 10,000 years. ... For other uses, see Fire (disambiguation). ... Firestop mortar, starts as a powder, is mixed with water, forms cement stone, dries hard, is often leavened with lightweight aggregates, such as perlite or vermiculite and pigmented to distinguish it from generic materials in an effort to prevent unlawful substitution and to enable verification of bounding. ... Silicones (more accurately called polymerized siloxanes or polysiloxanes) are inorganic-organic polymers with the chemical formula [R2SiO]n, where R = organic groups such as methyl, ethyl, and phenyl. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... For other uses, see Plastic (disambiguation). ... An intumescent is a substance which swells as a result of heat exposure, thus increasing in volume, and decreasing in density. ...

See also

Look up bath, tub, bathtub in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Bathtub hoax
• Jacuzzi
• Sauna
• Steam shower
• Walk-in bathtub
• Bathing
• Turkish baths
• Bathroom

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ... On December 28, 1917, an article titled A Neglected Anniversary by H.L. Mencken was published in the New York Evening Mail. ... For other uses, see Jacuzzi (disambiguation). ... For the music festival in Finland, see Sauna Open Air Metal Festival. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Shower. ... An American made walk-in bathtub by Wasauna A walk-in bathtub differs from a conventional bathtub in that not only is it smaller and deeper, but it also has an inward-opening or outward opening door which is self-sealing. ... Children bathing in a small metal bathtub Bathing is the immersion of the body in fluid, usually water, or an aqueous solution. ... This article is about the Turkish bath establishment. ... A typical American bathroom A bathroom is a room that may have different functions depending on the cultural context. ...

References and bibliography

• http://www.godecookery.com/mtales/mtales08.htm
• http://www.sniggle.net/bathtub.php
• http://www.bathtubmuseum.org
• History of a bathtub.
• Bathing Your Baby
• How to Install a bathtub