NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence)

The Battistero di San Giovanni (Baptistery of St John) is believed to be the oldest building in Florence. It is particularly famed for its three sets of magnificent and artistically important bronze doors. In Christian architecture the baptistery or baptistry (Latin baptisterium) is the separate centrally-planned structure surrounding the baptismal font. ... Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... Assorted ancient Bronze castings found as part of a cache, probably intended for recycling. ...

It stands in the Piazza del Duomo, just to the west of the Duomo. Until the end of the 19th c. all Florentines were baptized in this church. It has the status of a minor basilica. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (960x1280, 527 KB) Summary Baptistry of Firenze, Italy Own photo - photo made by Georges Jansoone on 13 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (960x1280, 527 KB) Summary Baptistry of Firenze, Italy Own photo - photo made by Georges Jansoone on 13 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably... The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore is the cathedral church, or Duomo, of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence, noted for its distinctive dome. ... The Basilica of St. ...

History

For a long time, it was believed that the Baptistery was originally a Roman temple dedicated to Mars, the tutelary god of the old Florence. Dante is often mentioned as the founder of this legend, but this is wrong. The founder of this legend was Giovanni Villani in the 14th century. However, excavations in the 20th century have shown that there was a first century Roman wall running through the piazza with the Baptistery. The Baptistery is likely built on the remains of a Roman guard tower on the corner of this wall, or potentially another Roman building. It is however certain that a first octagonal baptistery was erected here in the late 4th or early 5th century. It was replaced or altered by another early Christian baptistery in the 6th century. Its construction is attributed to Theodelinda, queen of the Lombards (570-628) to seal the conversion of her husband, king Authari. It was the city's second basilica after San Lorenzo outside the northern city wall, and predates the church Santa Reparata. It was first recorded as such on 4 March 897, when the Count Palatine and envoy of the Holy Roman Emperor sat there to administer justice. The granite pilasters were probably taken from the Roman Forum in Florence, where the Piazza della Reppublica exists today. At that time, the baptistery was surrounded by a cemetery with Roman sarcophagi, used by important Florentine families as tomb (now in the museum Opera del Duomo). The Temple of Hercules Victor, near the Teatro di Marcello in Rome (a Greek-style Roman temple) // Pagan history and architecture Originally in Roman paganism, a templum was not (necessarily) a cultic building but any ritually marked observation site for natural phenomena believed to allow predictions, such as the flight... Mars was the Roman god of war, the son of Juno and a magical flower (or Jupiter). ... DANTE is also a digital audio network. ... Giovanni Villani (ca 1275-1348), the Florentine writer of the famous chronicles (the Cronica) is the greatest Italian chronicler of his own times and the cornerstone of the early medieval history of Florence. ... Theodelinda, Queen of the Lombards, (died 628) was the daughter of Duke Garibald I of Bavaria. ... Authari was the king of the Lombards. ... St. ... Below the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore there are remains of a paleo-christian cult area and the building of Santa Reparata Ever since the barbaric ages there was an area in the north of Florence which was dedicated to the christian cult of the time and up to... Events January - the Cadaver Synod July/August- Pope Stephen VII dies and is succeeded by Pope Romanus. ... In architecture, pilasters comprise slightly-projecting pseudo-columns built into or onto a wall, with capitals and bases. ... Stone sarcophagus of Pharaoh Merenptah Detail of a stone sarcophagus in the Istanbul Archeological Museum showing a hunting scene Anthropoid sarcophagus discovered at CÃ¡diz A sarcophagus is a stone container for a coffin or body. ...

A new and much larger octagonal baptistery was built in Romanesque style around 1059, evidence of a period of growing economic and political importance of Florence. It was reconsecrated on 6 November 1059 by pope Nicholas II, a Florentine. According to legend, the marbles were brought from Fiesole, conquered by Florence in 1078. Other marble came from ancient structures. The construction was already finished in 1128. An octagonal lantern was added to the pavilion roof around 1150. It was enlarged with a rectangular apse on the west side in 1202. On the corners, under the roof, are monstrous lion heads with a human head under their claws. They are early representations of Marzocco, the heraldic Florentine lion (see also : Loggia dei Lanzi). Romanesque St. ... Nicholas II can refer to: Pope Nicholas II Tsar Nicholas II of Russia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Florence as seen from Fiesole Fiesole is a town and comune (township) of Firenze province in the Italian region of Tuscany, 43Â°49N 11Â°18E, on a famously scenic height 346 m (1140 ft) above Florence, 8 km (5 mi) NE of that city. ... Stone lantern in a Chinese Garden A chÅchin invites customers into an okonomiyaki restaurant in Japan A lantern is a portable lighting device used to illuminate broad areas. ... The Loggia dei Lanzi, also called the Loggia della Signoria, is a building on the Piazza della Signoria in Florence, adjoining the Uffizi Gallery. ...

Between the 14th and the 16th century, three bronze double doors were added, with the bronze and marble statues above them. This gives a good indication that the baptistery, and not the cathedral, was initially in the highest esteem of the Florentines.

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 675 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1083 Ã— 962 pixel, file size: 139 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) +/- File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Totila Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 675 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1083 Ã— 962 pixel, file size: 139 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) +/- File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Totila Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence... Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... Giovanni Villani (ca 1275-1348), the Florentine writer of the famous chronicles (the Cronica) is the greatest Italian chronicler of his own times and the cornerstone of the early medieval history of Florence. ...

Exterior

The baptistery has eight equal sides with a rectangular addition on the west side. This octagonal shape symbolizes the "eight day" (in Latin : octava dies). This is the time of the Risen Christ, a time beyond our own time measured in weeks of seven days. It was considered a symbol for the eternal life given through baptism, when one passes from life in sin to a new life in Christ.

The sides, originally in sandstone, are clad in geometrically patterned coloured marble, white Carrara marble with green Prato marble inlay, reworked in Romanesque style between 1059 and 1128. The pilasters on each corner, originally in grey stone, were decorated with white and dark green marble in a zebra-like pattern by Arnolfo di Cambio in 1293. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (600x800, 114 KB) Description: Battistero, Firenze, Italy File links The following pages link to this file: Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (600x800, 114 KB) Description: Battistero, Firenze, Italy File links The following pages link to this file: Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ... Venus de Milo, front. ... Carrara is a city in the Massa Carrara province of Tuscany, Italy, famous for the white or blue-gray marble quarried there. ... The tabernacle over the high altar of St. ...

The style of this church would serve as prototype, influencing many architects, such as Leone Battista Alberti, in their design of Romanesque churches in Tuscany. Late statue of Leon Battista Alberti. ...

The exterior is also ornamented with a number of artistically significant statues by Andrea Sansovino (above the Gates of Paradise), Giovan Francesco Rustici, Vincenzo Danti (above the south doors) and others. Andrea dal Monte Sansovino (c. ... Vincenzo Danti (Perugia 1530 - 1576) was a sculptor. ...

The design work on the sides is arranged in groupings of three, starting with three distinct horizontal sections. The middle section features three blind arches on each side, each arch containing a window. These have alternate pointed and semicircular tympani. Below each window is a stylized arch design. In the upper fascia, there are also three small windows, each one in the center block of a three-panel design. It has been suggested that Voussoir, Keystone (architecture) be merged into this article or section. ... A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of a triangular section or gable found above the horizontal superstructure (entablature) which lies immediately upon the columns. ... Fascia is specialized connective tissue layer which surrounds muscles, bones, and joints, providing support and protection and giving structure to the body. ...

Baptistery doors

In 1329, Andrea Pisano, recommended by Giotto, was awarded the commission to design the first set of doors. The South Doors were originally installed on the east side, facing the Duomo, but transferred to their present location in 1452. The bronze casting and gilding was done by the Venetian Leonardo d'Avanzano, widely recognized as one of the best bronze smiths in Europe. This took no less than six years and the doors were completed in 1336. These Proto-Renaissance doors consist of 28 quatrefoil panels, with the 20 top panels depicting scenes from the life of St. John the Baptist. The eight lower panels picture virtues (hope, faith, charity, humility, fortitude, temperance, justice and prudence). The moulded reliefs in the doorcase were added by Lorenzo Ghiberti in 1452. There is a Latin inscription on top of the door : "Andreas Ugolini Nini de Pisis me fecit A.D. MCCCXXX" (Andrea Pisano made me in 1330). Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 509 pixelsFull resolution (1254 Ã— 798 pixel, file size: 421 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) A panel of Adam and Eve in Ghibertis Gates of Paradise. Photo by Thermos. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 509 pixelsFull resolution (1254 Ã— 798 pixel, file size: 421 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) A panel of Adam and Eve in Ghibertis Gates of Paradise. Photo by Thermos. ... Andrea Pisano (c. ... There are several things that have been named Giotto: Giotto di Bondone an Italian painter. ... For the hip-hop producer with the same name, see John the Baptist (producer). ... Lorenzo Ghiberti on Gates of Paradise, Baptisterio, Florence self portrait Lorenzo Ghiberti (Florence, 1378 - Florence, December 1, 1455) was an Italian artist of the early Renaissance best known for works in sculpture and metalworking. ...

The group of bronze statues above the gate depict "The Beheading of St. John the Baptist". It is a masterpiece by Vincenzo Danti from 1571.

In 1401, a competition was announced to design the baptistery North Doors. The existing north doors had been a votive offering to spare Florence from a new scourge such as the Black Death in 1348. Seven sculptors competed, including Lorenzo Ghiberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, Donatello and Jacopo della Quercia, with 21-years old Ghiberti winning the commission. Brunelleschi was so disillusioned that he took off for Rome to study architecture and never sculpted again. The original designs "The Sacrifice of Isaac" of Ghiberti and Brunelleschi are on display in the museum of the Bargello. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1617x1763, 890 KB) Photographer: Richard Heidler Time, Place: march 2005, Florence Camera: Canon Powershot A95 Description: The Sacrifice of Isaac, Lorenzo Ghibertis Contribution to the competition for the Northern Doors of the Baptistery, Museo dell Bargello License: Picture by myself... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1617x1763, 890 KB) Photographer: Richard Heidler Time, Place: march 2005, Florence Camera: Canon Powershot A95 Description: The Sacrifice of Isaac, Lorenzo Ghibertis Contribution to the competition for the Northern Doors of the Baptistery, Museo dell Bargello License: Picture by myself... Illustration of the Black Death from the Toggenburg Bible (1411) The Black Death, or Black Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history. ... Sculpture of Brunelleschi looking at the dome in Florence Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 â€“ April 15, 1446) was an Italian architect and one of the first architects to be associated with the Italian Renaissance in Florence. ... {{Infobox Artist ILOVE PENIS | deathdate = 13 December 1466 | deathplace = | nationality = Florentine | field = sculpture | training = Lorenzo Ghiberti | movement = Early Renaissance | famous works = St. ... Jacopo della Quercia (c. ... the Bargello For the type of embroidery, please visit Bargello (needlework) The Bargello palace was built in 1255 to house first the Capitano del Populo and later, in 1261, the PodestÃ , the highest magistrate of the Florence City Council, Italy. ...

It took Ghiberti 21 years) to complete these doors. These gilded bronze doors consist of twenty-eight panels, with twenty panels depicting a biblical scene from the New Testament. The eight lower panels show the four evangelists and the Church Fathers Saint Ambrose, Saint Jerome, Saint Gregory and Saint Augustine. The panels are surrounded by a framework of foliage in the doorcase and gilded busts of prophets and sibyls at the intersections of the panels. Originally installed on the east side, in place of Pisano's doors, they were later moved to the north side. They are described by Antonio Paolucci as "the most important event in the history of Florentine art in the first quarter of the 15th century". The doors in the baptistery are a copy of the originals (situated in the Museum Opera del Duomo). John 21:1 Jesus Appears to His Disciples--Alessandro Mantovani: the Vatican, Rome. ... In religion, a prophet (or prophetess) is a person who has directly encountered the divine and serves as an intermediary with humanity. ... The word sibyl comes (via Latin) from the Greek word sibylla, meaning prophetess. ...

The bronze statues over the northern gate depict John the Baptist preaching to a Pharisee and Sadducee. They were sculpted by Francesco Rustici and are superior to any sculpture he did before. Rustici may have been aided in his design by Leonardo da Vinci, who assisted him in the choice of his tools. The Mona Lisa Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (April 15, 1452 â€“ May 2, 1519) was an Italian polymath: scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, painter, sculptor, architect, musician, and writer. ...

Ghiberti was now widely recognized as a celebrity and the top artist in this field. He was showered with commissions, even from the pope. In 1425 he got a second commission, this time for the East Doors of the baptistery, on which he and his workshop (including Michelozzo and Benozzo Gozzoli) toiled for 27 years), excelling themselves. These had ten panels depicting scenes from the Old Testament, and were in turn installed on the east side. The panels are large rectangles and are no longer embedded in the traditional gothic quatrefoil, as in the previous doors. Ghiberti employed the recently discovered principles of perspective to give depth to his compositions. Each panel depicts more than one episode. In "The story of Joseph" we see the narrative scheme of Joseph cast by his brethren into the well, Joseph sold to the merchants, The merchants delivering Joseph to the pharao, Joseph interpreting the pharao's dream, The pharao paying him honour, Jacob sends his sons to Egypt and Joseph recognizes his brothers and returns home. According to Vasari's Lives, this panel was the most difficult and also the most beautiful. The figures are distributed in very low relief in a perspectival space (a technique invented by Donatello and called rilievo schiacciato, which literally means "flattened relief".) Ghiberti uses different sculptural techniques, from incised lines to almost free-standing figure sculpture, within the panels, further accentuating the sense of space. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 614 KB) Summary Story of Joseph; bronze door Gates of Paradise of Baptistry, Florence, Italy Own photo - photo made on 13 October 2005 Licensing [Ãªn:Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence)]] File links The following pages link to this file: Battistero... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 614 KB) Summary Story of Joseph; bronze door Gates of Paradise of Baptistry, Florence, Italy Own photo - photo made on 13 October 2005 Licensing [Ãªn:Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence)]] File links The following pages link to this file: Battistero... Michelozzo di Bartolommeo (1391 - 1472?) (sometimes called Michelozzo Michelozzi, although some sources say this is an error), Italian architect and sculptor, was a Florentine by birth, the son of a tailor, and in early life a pupil of Donatello. ... Benozzo Gozzoli Three Wise Men, fresco in the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, Florence, 1459-1461. ... Note: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh. ... Giorgio Vasari (Arezzo, Tuscany July 3, 1511 - Florence, June 27, 1574) was an Italian painter and architect, mainly known for his famous biographies of Italian artists. ...

The panels are included in a richly decorated gilt framework of foliage and fruit, many statuettes of prophets and 24 busts. The two central busts are portraits of the artist and of his father, Bartolomeo Ghiberti. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1017x981, 1971 KB) Photographer: Richard Heidler Time, Place: march 2005, Florence Camera: Canon Powershot A95 Description: Lorenzo Ghiberti on the Paradise Gate ot the Baptisterio (Florence) self portrait License: Picture by myself, GFDL File links The following pages link to this... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1017x981, 1971 KB) Photographer: Richard Heidler Time, Place: march 2005, Florence Camera: Canon Powershot A95 Description: Lorenzo Ghiberti on the Paradise Gate ot the Baptisterio (Florence) self portrait License: Picture by myself, GFDL File links The following pages link to this...

Michelangelo referred to these doors as fit to be the "Gates of Paradise", and they are still invariably referred to by this name. Giorgio Vasari described them a century later as "undeniably perfect in every way and must rank as the finest masterpiece ever created". Ghiberti himself said they were "the most singular work that I have ever made". Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (March 6, 1475 â€“ February 18, 1564), commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet and engineer. ... Giorgio Vasaris selfportrait Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Giorgio Vasari Giorgio Vasari (Arezzo, Tuscany July 3, 1511 - Florence, June 27, 1574) was an Italian painter and architect, mainly known for his famous biographies of Italian artists. ...

The "Gates of Paradise" now on the Baptistery are actually gilded bronze reproductions, placed there in 1990 after it was determined that the originals were deteriorating, and could only be saved if they were moved indoors. The originals are housed nearby in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, preserved in containers filled with nitrogen. One of the few copies made in the 1940s is installed in Grace Cathedral, in San Francisco. Grace Cathedral is located on Nob Hill in San Francisco, California. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...

The two porphyry columns on each side of the Gates of Paradise were plundered by the Pisans in Majorca and given in gratitude to the Florentines in 1114 for protecting their city against Lucca while the Pisan fleet was conquering the island. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2366x1748, 1339 KB) Photographer: Richard Heidler Time, Place: march 2005, Florence Camera: Canon Powershot A95 Description:Sculpture by Sansovino on the East side of the Baptistero San Giovanni (Florence) License: Picture by myself, GFDL File links The following pages link to... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2366x1748, 1339 KB) Photographer: Richard Heidler Time, Place: march 2005, Florence Camera: Canon Powershot A95 Description:Sculpture by Sansovino on the East side of the Baptistero San Giovanni (Florence) License: Picture by myself, GFDL File links The following pages link to... This article discusses the Italian city. ... Location Location of Majorca in Balearic Islands Coordinates : 39Â° 30â€™N , 3Â°0E Time Zone : CET (UTC+1) - summer: CEST (UTC+2) General information Native name Mallorca (Catalan) Spanish name Mallorca Postal code 07001-07691 Area code 34 (Spain) + 971 (Illes Balears) Website http://www. ... Lucca is a city in Tuscany, northern central Italy, situated on the river Serchio in a fertile plain near (but not on) the Ligurian Sea. ...

The Gates of Paradise are surmounted by a (copy of) group of statues "The Baptism of Christ" by Andrea Sansovino) (originals in the museum Opera del Duomo) . He then left to Rome to work on a new commission, leaving these statues unfinished. Work on these statues was continued much later in 1569 by Vincenzo Danti, a sculptor from the school of Michelangelo. At his death in 1576 the group was almost finished. The group was finally completed with the addition of an angel by Innocenzo Spinazzi in 1792.
Innocenzo Spinazzi (1726 â€“ 1798) was an Italian sculptor of the Rococo period active in Rome and Florence. ...

Scenes on the south door (Andrea Pisano) 1. The angel announces to Zachariah. 2. Zachariah is struck mute 3. Visitation 4. Birth of the Baptist. 5. Zachariah writes the boy's name. 6. St John as boy in the desert. 7. He preaches to the Pharisees. 8. He announces Christ. 9. Baptism of his disciples. 10. Baptism of Jesus. 11. St John reprimands Herod Antipas. 12. Incarceration of St. John. 13. The disciples visit St. John. 14. The disciples visit Jesus. 15. Dance of Salome. 16. Decapitation of St. John. 17. Presentation of St John's head to Herod Antipas. 18. Salome takes the head to Herodias 19. Transport of the body of St. John. 20. Burial. A. Hope B. Faith C. Charity D. Humility E. Fortitude F. Temperance G. Justice H. Prudence

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2051x3302, 433 KB) Photographer: Richard Heidler Description: Southdoor of the Baptisterio, Florence, Schema License: made by myself File links The following pages link to this file: Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence) ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2051x3302, 433 KB) Photographer: Richard Heidler Description: Southdoor of the Baptisterio, Florence, Schema License: made by myself File links The following pages link to this file: Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence) ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2051x3302, 433 KB) Photographer: Richard Heidler Description: Northdoor of the Baptisterio, Florence, Schema License: made by myself File links The following pages link to this file: Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence) ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2051x3302, 433 KB) Photographer: Richard Heidler Description: Northdoor of the Baptisterio, Florence, Schema License: made by myself File links The following pages link to this file: Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence) ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1551x2822, 381 KB) Photographer: Richard Heidler Description: Paradiesdoor of the Baptisterio, Schema License: made by myself, GFDL GFDL File links The following pages link to this file: Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence) ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1551x2822, 381 KB) Photographer: Richard Heidler Description: Paradiesdoor of the Baptisterio, Schema License: made by myself, GFDL GFDL File links The following pages link to this file: Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence) ...

Interior

The vast interior of the Baptistery recalls the interior of the Pantheon in Rome. The interior is rather dark, light entering through small windows in the ambulatory and through the lantern. The interior is divided in a lower part with columns and pilasters and an upper part with an ambulatory. The Florentines didn't spare any trouble or expense to decorate the baptistery. The interior walls are clad in black and white marble with inlaid geometrical patterns. The niches are separated by monolithic columns of Sardinian granite. The marble revestment of the interior was begun in the second half of the 11th century. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1313x2445, 1038 KB) Photographer: Richard Heidler Time, Place: March 2005, Florence Camera: Canon Powershot A95 Description: Grave of Antipope Ioannes XIII, in the Baptisterio San Giovanni License: Picture by myself, GFDL File links The following pages link to this file: Battistero... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1313x2445, 1038 KB) Photographer: Richard Heidler Time, Place: March 2005, Florence Camera: Canon Powershot A95 Description: Grave of Antipope Ioannes XIII, in the Baptisterio San Giovanni License: Picture by myself, GFDL File links The following pages link to this file: Battistero... Facade of the Pantheon The Pantheon (Latin Pantheon[1], from Greek Î Î¬Î½Î¸ÎµÎ¿Î½ Pantheon, meaning Temple of all the Gods) is a building in Rome which was originally built as a temple to the seven deities of the seven planets in the state religion of Ancient Rome, but which has been a... The ambulatory (Med. ...

The building contains the splendid funeral monument of Baldassare Coscia, the Antipope John XXIII (who died in Florence in 1419), designed by Donatello and his pupil Michelozzo Michelozzi). A gilt statue, with the face turned to the spectator, reposes on a deathbed, supported by two lions, under a canopy of gilt drapery He had bequeathed several relics and his great wealth to this baptistery. Such a monument with a baldachin was a first in the Renaissance. Antipope John XXIII Baldassare Cossa, (about 1370 â€“ November 22, 1419), also known as John XXIII,was Pope or antipope during the Western Schism (1410â€“1415) and is now officially regarded by the Catholic Church as an antipope. ... Michelozzo di Bartolommeo (1391 - 1472?) (sometimes called Michelozzo Michelozzi, although some sources say this is an error), Italian architect and sculptor, was a Florentine by birth, the son of a tailor, and in early life a pupil of Donatello. ... The Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller at Rhodes under a canopy of estate, on a dais: there is a cushion under his feet Margaret Beaufort, Queen Mother, at prayer, by an anonymous artist, about 1500 Engraving of the Gnadenaltar in the Vierzehnheiligen Basilica, Bad Staffelstein, Bavaria. ...

The mosaic marble pavement was begun in 1209. The geometric patterns in the floor are complex. Some show us oriental zodiac motifs, such as the slab of the astrologer Strozzo Strozzi. There was an octagonal font, its base still clearly visible in the middle of the floor. This font, which once stood in the church of Santa Reparata, was installed here in 1128. Dante is said to have broken one of lower basins while rescuing a child from drowning. The font was removed in 1571 on orders from the grand duke Francesco I de' Medici. The present, and much smaller, octagonal font stands near the south entrance. It was installed in 1658 but is probably much older. The reliefs are attributed to Andrea Pisano or his school.
Mosaic is the art of decoration with small pieces of colored glass, stone or other material. ... Francesco I de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (25 March 1541 â€“ 19 October 1587) was the second Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 to 1587. ...

Mosaic ceiling

The baptistery is crowned by a magnificent mosaic ceiling. The earliest mosaics, works of art of many unknown Venetian craftsmen (including probably Cimabue), date from 1225. The covering of the ceiling started under the direction of the fransciscan Jacopo da Torrita and was probably not completed until the 14th century. Crucifix (1287-88) Panel, 448 x 390 cm Basilica di Santa Croce, Florence. ...

This mosaic cycle depicts in the three sections above the high altar, the Last Judgment with a gigantic, majestic Christ and the Angels of Judgment at each side by Coppo di Marcovaldo, the rewards of the saved leaving their tomb in joy (at Christ's right hand), and the punishments of the damned (at Christ's left hand). This last part is particularly famous: evil doers are burnt by fire, roasted on spits, crushed with stones, bit by snakes, gnawed and chewed by hideous beasts. These scenes remind us of later works showing us in grisly detail the horrors of hell, such as "The Last Judgment" or the panel "Hell" (from the triptych "The Garden of Earthly Delights"), both by the Flemish painter Hieronymus Bosch Last Judgement. ... Crucifixion, in the Civic Gallery of San Gimignano. ... The Raising of the Cross, Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekathedraal, Antwerp A triptych (from the Greek tri- three + ptychÄ“ fold) is a work of art (usually a panel painting) which is divided into three sections, or three carved panels which are hinged together. ... Hieronymus Bosch, (latinized; also Jeroen Bosch or his real name Jeroen van Aken) (c. ...

Dante Alighieri grew up looking at these mosaics and these images of death and resurrection must have had a deep impact on him. Dante in a fresco series of famous men by Andrea del Castagno, ca. ...

The other scenes on the ceiling depict different stories in horizontal tiers of mosaic : (starting at the top) Choirs of Angels, Thrones, Dominations, and Powers; stories from the Book of Genesis; stories of Joseph; stories of Mary and the Christ and finally in the lower tier : stories of Saint John the Baptist. Genesis (Hebrew: â€Ž, Greek: Î“ÎÎ½ÎµÏƒÎ¹Ï‚, meaning birth, creation, cause, beginning, source or origin) is the first book of the Torah, the Tanakh, and the Old Testament. ...

In the drum under the ceiling are many heads of prophets, attributed to Gaddo Gaddi, a friend of Cimabue. Gaddo Gaddi (c, 1239-c. ...

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2517x2559, 691 KB) made by: Richard Heidler Time, Place: march 2005, Camera: Canon Powershot A95 Description: Scetch of the Cupola of the Baptisterio Florence License: Picture by myself, Scetch by myself GFDL File links The following pages link to this file... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2517x2559, 691 KB) made by: Richard Heidler Time, Place: march 2005, Camera: Canon Powershot A95 Description: Scetch of the Cupola of the Baptisterio Florence License: Picture by myself, Scetch by myself GFDL File links The following pages link to this file... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (480x640, 216 KB) Summary Mosaic ceiling of the baptistry; Florence, Italy Own work - photo made on 13 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (480x640, 216 KB) Summary Mosaic ceiling of the baptistry; Florence, Italy Own work - photo made on 13 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 122 pixelsFull resolution (3984 Ã— 609 pixel, file size: 381 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence) ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 122 pixelsFull resolution (3984 Ã— 609 pixel, file size: 381 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence) ...

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Dante in a fresco series of famous men by Andrea del Castagno, ca. ... The Medici coat of arms The Medici family was a powerful and influential Florentine family from the 13th to 17th century. ...

Reference works

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Florence landmarks

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (700x921, 196 KB) Summary it: Stemma del Comune di Firenze (Provincia di Firenze). ... Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... Taj Mahal Big Ben Saint Basils Cathedral For other senses of this word, see landmark (disambiguation). ...

Categories: 1050s architecture | 1150s architecture | Basilica churches in Florence | Minor basilica churches the Bargello For the type of embroidery, please visit Bargello (needlework) The Bargello palace was built in 1255 to house first the Capitano del Populo and later, in 1261, the PodestÃ , the highest magistrate of the Florence City Council, Italy. ... The Boboli Gardens is a famous park in Florence, Italy that is home to a small but distinguished collection of sculptures. ... David by Michelangelo. ... The Tribute Money, fresco by Masaccio in the Brancacci Chapel. ... Giottoâ€™s bell tower (campanile) stands on the Cathedral square (Piazza del Duomo) in Florence, Italy. ... Early, tinted 20th-century photograph of the Palazzo Pitti, then still known as La Residenza Reale following the residency of King Emmanuel II between 1865â€“71, when Florence was the capital of Italy. ... The Strozzi Palace in Florence, Italy, was begun by Benedetto deMaiano, for Filippo Strozzi an unfortunate rival of Medici. ... Palazzo Vecchio The Palazzo Vecchio is the town hall of Florence, Italy. ... Ponte Vecchio over the Arno, Florence. ... Exterior from the Piazza San Lorenzo. ... The faÃ§ade and the bell tower of San Marco in Florence. ... San Miniato al Monte and the Bishops Palace The Basilica di San Miniato al Monte (Basilica of St Minias on the Mountain) stands atop one of the highest points in Florence, and has been described as the finest Romanesque structure in Tuscany and one of the most beautiful churches... The Basilica di Santa Croce (Basilica of the Holy Cross) is the principal Franciscan church of Florence, Italy, and a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church. ... Side view of Santa Maria del Fiore. ... The Romanesque-Gothic facade, completed by Leon Battista Alberti in 1470 Santa Maria Novella is a church in Florence. ... The Church of Santa Maria del Santo Spirito (St. ... The narrow courtyard between the Uffizis two wings creates the effect of a short, idealized street. ...

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