The Battle of Ankara or Battle of Angora, fought on July 20, 1402, took place at the field of Çubuk Ovasi (near Ankara) between the forces of the Ottoman sultan Beyazid I and the Turko-Mongol forces of Timur, ruler of the Timurid Empire. July 20 is the 201st day (202nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 164 days remaining. ... Events September 14 - Battle of Homildon Hill. ... Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the countrys second largest city after Ä°stanbul. ... Flag of the Timurid Empire according to the Catalan Atlas c. ... Warning: Value not specified for common_name Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem At the height of its power (1680) Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326... Statue of Timur in Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan TÄ«mÅ«r bin Taraghay Barlas (Chagatai Turkic: تیمور - TÄ“mōr, iron) (1336 – February 1405) was a 14th-century warlord of Turco-Mongol descent[1][2][3][4], conqueror of much of Western and central Asia, and founder of the Timurid Empire (1370–1405... Beyazid I Beyazid I (ca 1354–1403; Bayezıt, nicknamed Yıldırım, the Thunderbolt) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1389 to 1402. ... July 20 is the 201st day (202nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 164 days remaining. ... Events September 14 - Battle of Homildon Hill. ... Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the countrys second largest city after Ä°stanbul. ... Warning: Value not specified for common_name Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem At the height of its power (1680) Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326... Beyazid I Beyazid I (ca 1354–1403; Bayezıt, nicknamed Yıldırım, the Thunderbolt) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1389 to 1402. ... The Altaic peoples are the peoples who speak Altaic languages. ... Statue of Timur in Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan TÄ«mÅ«r bin Taraghay Barlas (Chagatai Turkic: تیمور - TÄ“mōr, iron) (1336 – February 1405) was a 14th-century warlord of Turco-Mongol descent[1][2][3][4], conqueror of much of Western and central Asia, and founder of the Timurid Empire (1370–1405... Flag of the Timurid Empire according to the Catalan Atlas c. ...

Background

As the Turko-Mongol leader, Timur was the most powerful Mongol ruler since Jenghis Khan's time. He came from a branch of minor Turkish noble family in Turkestan and after long and relentess fighting he succeeded in rehabilitating the vast empire of Jenghis Khan. Timur had conquered Georgia and Armenia in 1390, and the Ottoman Empire became his neighbour and the two powers soon came into direct conflict. When Beyazid demanded tribute from one of the Turkish emirates who had pledged loyalty to Timur and threatened him to invade; Timur interpreted this action as an insult to himself and in 1400 sacked the Ottoman city of Sebaste (modern Sivas). Beyazid was stung into furious action and when Timur invaded Anatolia from the east, Beyazid summoned his forces and confronted him near Ankara. Also, years of insulting letters had been sent between Timur and Beyazid increasing the tension. Events Births December 27 - Anne de Mortimer, claimant to the English throne (died 1411) Domenico da Piacenza, Italian dancemaster (died 1470) John Dunstable, English composer (died 1453) Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, Swedish statesman and rebel leader (died 1436) Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (died 1447) John VIII Palaeologus Byzantine Emperor (died 1448) Deaths... Events Henry IV quells baron rebellion and executes The Earls of Kent, Huntingdon and Salisbury for their attempt to have Richard II of England restored as King Jean Froissart writes the Chronicles Medici family becomes powerful in Florence, Italy Births December 25 - John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, Lord Lieutenant of... Sivas (Greek: Σεβάστεια) is the provincial capital of Sivas Province in Turkey. ... Anatolia lies east of the Bosphorus, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Anatolia is a peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European portion (Thrace, or traditionally Rumelia). ...

Forces

As per [1], the armies were about equal in size; though some eyewitnesses report over one million troops in Timur's horde, the real number is probably closer to 200,000. While Bayezid's army was approximately equal to Timur's, but was mainly infantry, while Timur's forces were almost entirely mounted; he even counted a few Indian war elephants amongst his numbers.

The battle

The battle began with a large-scale attack from the Ottomans, countered by swarms of arrows from the Timurid horse archers. Several thousands were killed and many surrendered to Timur. During the battle, the main water supply of both armies, Cubuk Creek was diverted to an off-stream reservoir near the Town of Cubuk by Timur, which left Ottoman army with no water. The final battle took place at Catal hill, dominating the Cubuk valley. The Ottoman army, both thirsty and tired, was destroyed and Sultan Beyazid was captured while he was retreating. An archer is someone who practices archery. ...

Aftermath

European nations had, at first, encouraged Timur for his invasion; the Genoese were said to be flying the Mongol standard from the walls of Galata in support of Timur. However, after a few months following his destruction of the Ottoman power in Anatolia, fear of being the next target had gripped the European people. The Ancient Port of Genoa. ... Galata or Galatae is a district in Istanbul, the largest city of Turkey. ... Anatolia lies east of the Bosphorus, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Anatolia is a peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European portion (Thrace, or traditionally Rumelia). ...

The Battle of Ankara had a temporary effect on the political ground of the Balkans where the Ottomans had the initiative. The siege of Constantinople was lifted and the Timurids descended on Brusa and laid waste to most of Anatolia. Map of Constantinople. ... Brusa has different meanings: Brusa is an old name of the city Bursa in northwestern Turkey. ... Anatolia lies east of the Bosphorus, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Anatolia is a peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European portion (Thrace, or traditionally Rumelia). ...

This event had split the Ottomans into fractions since Bayezid's sons were still alive and free after he himself was captured. Most of the Ottoman Turks had fled into Europe. The result was a civil war among Bayezid's four sons. This temporary weakening of the Ottomans resulted in delaying the end of the Byzantine Empire and the Ottoman conquest of Balkans. Motto: Βασιλεύς Βασιλέων Βασιλεύων Βασιλευόντων (Greek: King of Kings Ruling Over Rulers)[] Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent c. ...

Notes

External links

• DBA Battle Scenario: The Battle of Angora
• Encyclopedia Britanica: Ankara, Battle of
• Military Engineering Strategy used by Timur