Battle of Asal Uttar
Part of Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
Captured Pakistani tanks on display near Bhilwind, India
Date September 8 – September 10, 1965 Location Asal Uttar (Punjab, India) Result Decisive Indian victory in Asal Uttar and Bhikkiwind.[1] Strategic stalemate in Khem Karan.[2]
Belligerents
Pakistan	India
Commanders
Maj. Gen. Nasir Ahmed Khan	Maj. Gen. Gurbaksh Singh Brigadier Thomas K. Theograj
Strength
300 M48 Pattons	45 Centurions, 45 Shermans, 45 AMX-13
Casualties and losses
97 tanks abandoned or destroyed[3][4]	32 tanks destroyed or damaged[5][4]

The Battle of Asal Uttar (Hindi: Battle of Fitting Reply) was one of the most decisive battles fought during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. It was fought from September 8 through September 10, 1965, when the Pakistan Army thrust its tanks and infantry into Indian territory. After three days of bitter fighting, the battle ended in a victory for the Indians near Asal Uttar, thanks to the conditions of the plains and a strategic stalemate in Khem Karan. The tank battle fought near Asal Uttar was the largest such battle since World War II. Combatants India Pakistan Commanders Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri Harbakhsh Singh Ayub Khan Musa Khan Casualties 3,264 killed[1] 8,623 wounded[1] (From July to ceasefire) 3,800 killed[2] (September 6 - 22) 4,000 - 8,000 killed/ captured[3][4][5] (July to September 6) The Indo-Pakistani War... Download high resolution version (986x651, 86 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... This article details the Indian state of Punjab. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... The M48 Patton was one of the U.S armys principal main battle tanks of the Cold War, with models in service from the early 1950s on thru the 1990s. ... The Centurion was the primary British Main Battle Tank of the immediate post-war era, and considered by many to be one of the best British tank designs of all time. ... General characteristics Length: 5. ... Design work on the AMX-13 light tank began in 1946 at the Atelier de Construction dIssy-les-Moulineaux and the first prototype was completed two years later. ... -1... Combatants India Pakistan Commanders Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri Harbakhsh Singh Ayub Khan Musa Khan Casualties 3,264 killed[1] 8,623 wounded[1] (From July to ceasefire) 3,800 killed[2] (September 6 - 22) 4,000 - 8,000 killed/ captured[3][4][5] (July to September 6) The Indo-Pakistani War... is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... The Pakistan Army (Urdu: پاک فوج) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations. ... Infantry of the Royal Irish Rifles during the Battle of the Somme in World War I Infantry or footmen are very highly disciplined and trained soldiers who fight primarily with small arms(rifles), but are trained to use everything from their bare hands to missle systems in order to neutralize... Khem Karan is a town and a nagar panchayat in Amritsar district in the Indian state of Punjab. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

Battle

Pakistan's invading force, consisting of 1 Armoured Division and 11 Infantry Division, had managed to capture the Indian town of Khem Karan. After the seizure, the Indian Army regrouped and repelled further attacks made by the Pakistani troops and were able to destroy or capture several Pakistani tanks^[6] while losing 32 of their own. Indian troops had flooded the area which bogged the Pakistani tanks down, making them sitting ducks. The Pakistanis then fell back to Khem Karan, and were given a further blow when the 1 Armoured Division was given orders to redeploy to the Sialkot sector where it would fight the Battle of Chawinda, leaving the newly formed 11 Infantry Division to face the Indian counter-offensive. Sialkot (Urdu/Punjabi: ), the capital of Sialkot District, is a city situated in the north-east of the Punjab province in Pakistan at the feet of the snow-covered peaks of Kashmir near the Chenab river. ... Belligerents India Pakistan Commanders P.O Dunn Tikka Khan Strength 1,700 tanks 80,000 infantry initial 150,000 end of battle 600 tanks 30,000 infantry 1000 Tanks and 110,000 infantry end of battle The Battle of Chawinda was a tank battle, fought as part of the Sialkot...

Losses

India had its largest haul of Pakistani pattern tanks during this battle. At the end of the war, the Fourth Pakistani Division .a.k.a. "The Fighting Fourth" along with the 2 Armoured Brigade was totally destroyed and they lost almost all of their tanks. Almost 97 Pattons were lost and all the rest were captured by victorious Indian Forces .^[7][3]

Pakisani losses in Khem Karan sector for the whole war were 97 tanks.^[7] Roughly about fifty of them were captured by the Indian Army, mostly Sherman tanks. Only ten of these occurred during the battle.

Conclusion

As the day ended, the Indian First Armoured Division was victorious. Pakistan lost the battle, which was one of the turning points of the war. However, Pakistan was unable to regain control of Khem Karan until the war was declared over. Pakistan Lost the 1965 War.

Pervez Musharraf, later Army Chief of Staff and President of Pakistan, participated in this battle as a lieutenant of artillery in the 16 (SP) Field Regiment, 1st Armoured Division Artillery. The battle also witnessed the personal bravery of an Indian soldier Abdul Hamid being honoured with the Param Vir Chakra, India's highest military award, for having knocked out two enemy tanks with a recoilless gun.^[8] Pervez Musharraf (Urdu: ) (born 11 August 1943, Delhi) is the current President of Pakistan, Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army. ... The President of Pakistan (Urdū: صدر مملکت Sadr-e-Mumlikat) is the head of state of Pakistan. ... Lieutenant is a military, naval, paramilitary, fire service or police officer rank. ... Company Havildar Major Abdul Hamid, PVC Company Quarter Master Havildar Abdul Hamid of 4 Grenadiers, Indian Army was posthumously awarded the highest gallantry award of the Republic of India, the Param Vir Chakra, during the 1965 Indo-Pak War. ... The Param Vir Chakra is an Indian military decoration given for valour in combat operations. ... M67 recoilless rifle The first recoilless rifles (RCL) were developed near the end of World War II as a lightweight form of anti-tank weaponry. ...

See also

• Indo-Pakistan Wars
• Operation Grand Slam

Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Operation Grand Slam is virtually synonymous with the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War. ...

References

1. ^ M47 & M48 Patton in Pakistani Service
2. ^ The State at War in South Asia By Pradeep Barua
3. ^ ^{a b} OrBat of Assal Uttar at Orbat.com
4. ^ ^{a b} The M47 and M48 Patton Tanks By Steve Zaloga
5. ^ [The India-Pakistan Conflict: An Enduring Rivalry 2005 Cambridge Press]
6. ^ Debacle to Revival: Y.B. Chavan as Defence Minister, 1962-65 By R. D. Pradhan
7. ^ ^{a b} Patton Nagar - www.bharat-rakshak.com
8. ^ The Param Vir Chakra Winners' home page for Company Quarter Master Havildar Abdul Hamid

Resources

• 1965 Official War History, Ministry of Defence, Government of India
• Pakistan Military Consortium
• The Battle of Assal Uttar: Pakistan and India 1965 - ORBAT

Judiciary Supreme Court of India Chief Justice of India High Courts District Courts Elections Political Parties Local & State Govt. ... An order of battle (often abbreviated as ORBAT or OOB) is an organizational tool used by military intelligence to list and analyze enemy military units. ...

External links

• Pictures of the Patton Nagar

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