Battle of Bataan
Part of World War II, Pacific theater
American tank traps near Mauban, Bataan U.S. National Archives
Date 1 January – 9 April 1942 Location Bataan Peninsula near Manila Bay in Luzon Island, Philippines Result Japanese victory
Combatants
United States  Philippines	Empire of Japan
Commanders
Douglas MacArthur Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV George M. Parker Edward P. King Vicente Lim Alfredo M. Santos	Masaharu Homma Susumu Morioka Kineo Kitajima Kameichiro Nagano
Strength
30,000 U.S. troops 120,000 Filipino troops	75,000 Japanese troops
Casualties
10,000 killed, 20,000 wounded, 75,000 prisoners	7,000 killed, 12,000 wounded, 10,000 disease-stricken

The Battle of Bataan represented the most intense phase of Imperial Japan's invasion of the Philippines, in the early stages of the World War II. The capture of the Philippine Islands was crucial to Japan's effort to control the Southwest Pacific, seize the resource-rich Dutch East Indies, and protect its Southeast Asia flank. Note on correct pronunciation: Filipino (Tagalog) speakers pronounce Bataan as (phonetically) Bata-An. In English, the name is rendered Baaa-Tan or Bat-tan. The Bataan Death March (also known as The Death March of Bataan) took place in the Philippines in 1942 and was later accounted as a Japanese... Combatants United States and Philippines Japan Commanders Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV George F. Moore Samuel L. Howard Masaharu Homma Kureo Tanaguchi Kizon Mikami Strength 13,000 U.S. and Filipino troops 75,000 Japanese troops Casualties 800 killed 1,000 wounded 11,000 POWs 900 killed 1,200 wounded The... Combatants Empire of Japan Vichy France Commanders Akihito Nakamura Takuma Nishimura Maurice Martin Strength 34,000 men 2,000 men Casualties  ? 800 The Invasion of French Indochina ), also known as the Vietnam Expedition, the Japanese Invasion of Vietnam, was an attempt by the Empire of Japan, during the Second Sino... This article is about the actual attack. ... Combatants Malaya Command: Indian III Corps Australian 8th Div. ... Combatants British Army Canadian Army British Indian Army Royal Hong Kong Regiment Imperial Japanese Army Commanders Mark Aitchison Young Christopher Michael Maltby Sakai Takashi Strength 15,000 troops 50,000 troops Casualties 4,500 killed 8,500 POWs 706 killed 1,534 wounded Pacific campaigns 1941-42 Pearl Harbor – Thailand... Combatants Empire of Japan United States Commanders Shigeyoshi Inoue Sadamichi Kajioka Shigematsu Sakaibara Winfield S. Cunningham Strength 2,500 infantry[1] 523 infantry of the 1st Marine Defense Battalion {understrength}, VMF-211, US Navy/US Army personnel, Others[2] Casualties 700-900 dead, 2 destroyers, 2 patrol boats, 20 aircraft... The Netherlands East Indies campaign was the shortlived defence of the Netherlands East Indies by Allied forces, against invasion by the Empire of Japan in 1941-42. ... The New Guinea campaign was one of the major military campaigns of World War II. Fighting in the Australian mandated Territory of New Guinea (the north-eastern part of the island of New Guinea and surrounding islands) and Dutch New Guinea, between Allied and Japanese forces, commenced with the Japanese... It has been suggested that Japanese Raids into Indian Ocean be merged into this article or section. ... Combatants  United States  Japan Commanders James H. Doolittle Hideki Tojo Strength 16 B-25 Mitchells Unknown number of troops and homeland defense Casualties 3 dead, 8 POWs (4 died in captivity); 5 interned in USSR all 16 B-25s About 50 dead, 400 injured Lt. ... Combatants  United States  Australia New Guinea[1]  New Zealand  United Kingdom Colony of Fiji[2] Solomon Is. ... Combatants United States Navy Royal Australian Navy Imperial Japanese Navy Commanders Frank J. Fletcher John G. Crace Shigeyoshi Inoue Takeo Takagi Strength 2 large carriers, 3 cruisers 2 large carriers, 1 light carrier, 4 cruisers Casualties 1 fleet carrier, 1 destroyer, 1 oil tanker sunk 543 killed 1 light carrier... Combatants United States Empire of Japan Commanders Chester W. Nimitz Frank J. Fletcher Raymond A. Spruance Isoroku Yamamoto Chuichi Nagumo Tamon Yamaguchi â€  Strength 3 carriers, ~50 support ships, 233 carrier aircraft, 127 land-based aircraft 4 carriers, 7 battleships, ~150 support ships, 248 carrier aircraft, 16 floatplanes Casualties 1 carrier... The ensign of Imperial Japanese Navy was a prominent symbol of Imperial Japan. ... Combatants the Philippines, United States Japan Commanders Douglas MacArthur/ Jonathan M. Wainwright Masaharu Homma Strength About 150,000 120,000 Casualties 2,500 killed in action; 10,000 POWs killed/died during Bataan Death March 5,000 wounded 100,000 POWs total 1,200 killed; 500 missing in action 1... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Rainforest on Fatu-Hiva, Marquesas Islands Natural resources are naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified (natural) form. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...

Japan's strategy called for roughly simultaneous attacks on Malaya, Thailand, the American-held islands of Guam and Wake, Hong Kong, Singapore, the Philippines, and Hawaii. Although the aim of the air strike on Hawaii's Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 was to destroy the U.S. Pacific Fleet in its home port, the others were meant to serve as preludes to full-scale invasion and occupation. Overwhelming the entire United States Forces in the Far East or USAFFE under Gen. Douglas MacArthur in Bataan would force them to capitulate. Map of Peninsular Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia (Malay: Semenanjung Malaysia) is the part of Malaysia which lies on the Malay Peninsula, and shares a land border with Thailand in the north. ... USGS Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite image of Wake Island. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the actual attack. ... is the 341st day of the year (342nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... The United States Pacific Fleet (USPACFLT) is a theater-level unit of the U.S. armed forces, under the operational control of the United States Pacific Command. ... USAFFE (United States Army Forces - Far East) included the Philippine Department, Philippine Army (2 regular and 10 reserve divisions), and the Far East Air Force (formerly, Philippine Army Air Corps). ... This article is about the American general; for the municipality in the Philippines, see General MacArthur, Eastern Samar. ...

Invasion

As Japanese carrier planes devastated the United States Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor in the morning of 7 December 1941 (8 December, Manila time), Taiwan-based aircraft simultaneously pounded the main bases of the American Far East Air Force at Clark Field in Pampanga, Iba Field in Zambales, Nichols Field near Manila, and the headquarters of the U.S. Asiatic Fleet in the Philippines at Cavite. This article is about the harbor in Hawaii. ... is the 341st day of the year (342nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other meanings of the word, see Manila (disambiguation). ... Proper name for Clark Air Base, Republic of the Philippines, during 1919-1948 when it was under U.S. Army jurisdiction. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Pampanga Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: City of San Fernando Founded: December 11, 1571 Population: 2000 census—1,882,730 (10th largest) Density—863 per km² (4th highest) Area: 2,180. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Zambales Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: Iba Founded: 1578 Population: 2000 census—627,802 (39th largest) Density—169 per km² (49th highest) Area: 3,714. ... Nichols Field (Luzon, the Philippines), during the World War II era, was the location of the Far East Air Forces U.S. 20th Air Base Group. ... For other meanings of the word, see Manila (disambiguation). ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Cavite Region: CALABARZON (Region IV-A) Capital: Imus† Founded: March 10, 1917 Population: 2000 census—2,163,161 (5th largest) Density—1,590 per km² (Highest) Area: 1,297. ...

From 7 December to 10, scattered resistance by ground troops and remaining American air and naval forces failed to stop diversionary landings at Bataan Island, Aparri, Vigan, Legaspi, Davao and Jolo. Army Air Force B-17s, often with fighter escort, attacked Japanese ships offloading at Gonzaga and the Vigan landings on Luzon. Units of the Asiatic Fleet also contributed to the effort. Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron Three, under Lieutenant Commander John Duncan Bulkeley, operated particularly effectively in Philippine waters from 7 December to 10 April 1942 under trying circumstances. is the 341st day of the year (342nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 344th day of the year (345th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Aparri is a municipality of the province of Philippines. ... Vigan is the capital city of the province of Ilocos Sur in the Philippines. ... Legazpi, usually misspelled Legaspi, is a city in the Philippines and the capital of the province of Albay. ... Davao refers to several places in Mindanao in the Philippines. ... Jolo is an island in the southwest Philippines. ... Flagship pennant of Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron 3, flown on PT 41 Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron Three was a U.S. Navy squadron based at Cavite, Philippines, in late 1941. ... Vice Admiral John Duncan Bulkeley (19 August 1911 - 6 April 1996) was a United States Navy officer who received the Medal of Honor for actions in the Pacific Theater during World War II. He was also the PT boat skipper who evacuated General MacArthur from Corregidor in the Philippines. ... is the 341st day of the year (342nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 100th day of the year (101st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In one last coordinated action by the Far East Air Force, U.S. planes damaged two Japanese transports, the flagship Naga, a destroyer and sank one minesweeper. These air attacks and naval actions, however, did not significantly delay the Japanese assault. Nagato (Japanese: é•·é–€, named after Nagato province) was a battleship of the Imperial Japanese Navy, the lead ship of her class. ... USS Pivot (AM 276) World War II United States Admirable Class Minesweeper shown in the Gulf of Mexico on sea trials 12 July 1944 Image:Hameln Class. ...

These small-scale landings preceded the main assault on 21 December 1941 at Lingayen Gulf in Pangasinan and Lamon Bay, Tayabas by the 14th Japanese Imperial Army, led by Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma. is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... The Lingayen Gulf is an extension of the South China Sea on Luzon in the Philippines. ... Pangasinan, officially Province of Pangasinan (Pangasinan: Luyag na Pangasinan), is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Tayabas was a province of the Philippines. ... Masaharu Homma (本間雅晴 Honma Masaharu, 1888 in Sado, Niigata Prefecture, Japan - April 3, 1946 in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, also known as the Poet General, was the Japanese General in charge of the troops and actions that created the Bataan death march in Philippines during 1942 and the bombing of...

By effectively neutralizing U.S. air and naval power in the Philippines within the first crucial hours of the war, the Japanese had gained supremacy never anticipated by American planners. The defense of the islands now relied solely on its ground forces, which at the time had no lines of supply or escape.

War Plan Orange-3

Japanese troops occupy Manila, January 2, 1942

After securing the beachheads, the Japanese launched a massive pincer attack and the entire USAFFE were pushed back by the invading forces. In the face of this onslaught, Gen. MacArthur realized that the USAFFE defense plan had failed. On December 26, he notified his commanders that War Plan Orange-3 was now in effect, thereby reactivating the old prewar plan to defend only Bataan and Corregidor indefinitely. A fighting retreat by all USAFFE units to the Bataan peninsula, whereupon the defending forces, in accordance with WPO-3, would regroup and make an indefinite stand. They hoped that with this change in strategy, the Japanese invasion plans might be altered. Image File history File links Open_City. ... Image File history File links Open_City. ... A beachhead is a military term used to describe the line created when a unit (by sea) reaches a beach, and begins to defend that area of beach, while other reinforcements (hopefully) help out, until a unit large enough to begin advancing has arrived. ... is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... War Plan Orange (commonly known as Plan Orange or just Orange) refers to a series of United States Navy war plans for dealing with a possible war with Japan during the interwar years. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Bataan Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: Balanga City Founded: —1754 Population: 2000 census—557,659 (46th largest) Density—406 per km² (12th highest) Area: 1,373. ...

The concept of WPO-3 was to delay invading Japanese forces until the US Pacific Fleet could be mustered at full strength and fight its way to the Philippines. At the Bataan peninsula, with its defensive terrain, and backed by artillery from the harbor defenses in Manila Bay and the nearby island fortress of Corregidor, the defenders were expected to hold out until reinforcements arrived. But with the Pacific Fleet having been crippled at Pearl Harbor, no aid would be forthcoming. Corregidor and the entrance to Manila Bay Corregidor in 1941 Corregidor is an island in the entrance of the Philippines Manila Bay. ...

Meanwhile, Manuel L. Quezon, the president of the Philippine Commonwealth , together with his family and government staff were evacuated to Corregidor along with MacArthur's USAFFE headquarters on the night of 24 December 1941, while all USAFFE military personnel were removed from the major urban areas. That same day, Manila was declared an open city, and Japanese forces occupied it on 2 January 1942. Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (b. ... is the 358th day of the year (359th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... For other meanings of the word, see Manila (disambiguation). ... In war, in the event of the imminent capture of a city, the government/military structure of the country that owns the city will sometimes declare it an open city, thus announcing that they have abandoned all defensive efforts. ... is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Fighting Retreat

Philippine Scouts in orderly retreat to Bataan

Gen. MacArthur intended to move his men with their equipment and supplies in good order to their defensive positions. He charged the North Luzon Force under Maj. Gen. Jonathan Wainwright with holding back the main Japanese assault and keeping the road to Bataan open for use by the South Luzon Force of Maj. Gen. George Parker, which proceeded quickly and in remarkably good order, given the chaotic situation. To achieve this, Wainwright deployed his forces in a series of defensive lines. Image File history File links Philscouts. ... Image File history File links Philscouts. ... Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV (August 23, 1883 – September 2, 1953), as a Lieutenant General, was the commanding officer of the Philippine Department at the time of its surrender to the Japanese, during World War II. Wainwright was married to Adele Holley Wainwright (1887–1979). ...

Porac-Guagua Line

This section does not cite any references or sources. Please improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (October 2007)

From 1 January-5, 1942 , as the entire USAFFE converged from south and north, delaying actions were fought to allow the struggling withdrawal to Bataan. The bloodiest occurred at the hastily emplaced Porac-Guagua line, where the 11th Division and 21st Division, respectively led by Brig. Generals William E. Brougher and Mateo Capinpin with the 26th Cavalry Regiment of Col. Clinton A. Pierce in reserve, held the line, mostly on open and unprepared ground, against massive aerial and artillery bombardment, strong tank assaults, and infantry banzai attacks by the Takahashi and Tanaka Detachments. Both sides suffered heavy casualties.^{[citation needed]} Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 5th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Abucay-Mauban Line

The plan for Bataan called for two defensive lines. The first extended across the peninsula from Mauban in the west to Mabatang, Abucay in the east. Gen. Wainwright's North Luzon Force, renamed the I Philippine Corps held the eastern sector. His command included the Philippine Army's 1st, 31st, and 91st Infantry Divisions, the 26th Cavalry (PS)and a battery of field artillery and self-propelled guns. Gen. Parker's former South Luzon Force, redesignated as the II Philippine Corps, included the Philippine Army's 11th, 21st, 41st, and 51st Divisions and the 57th Infantry (PS), and numbering some 25,000 men, commanded the western sector. The Philippine Division (made up of the all-American 31st Infantry Rgmt., the 45th Infantry Rgmt.(PS), and their supporting units less the 57th Infantry Rgmt.) was made the reserve force. Mount Natib, a 4,222-foot-high mountain that split the peninsula, served as the boundary line between the two corps. The commanders anchored their lines on the mountain, but, since they considered the rugged terrain impassable, they did not extend their forces far up its slopes. The two corps were therefore not in direct contact with each other, leaving a serious gap in the defense line. With the fighting withdrawal completed, the Abucay-Mauban line, the USAFFE's main battle position was now finally in place.

The Stand

Map of Japanese attacks at Bataan

On 9 January , Japanese forces under Lt. Gen. Susumu Morioka assaulted the eastern flank of the Abucay-Mauban line, and was repulsed by the 91st Division of Brig. Gen. Luther Stevens and Col. George S. Clark's 57th Infantry (PS) who held out ferociously. On 12 January, amid fierce fighting, 2nd Lt. Alexander R. Nininger (57th Infantry Rgmt.), with uncommon valor, sacrificed his life and earned the Medal of Honor when, armed with only a rifle and hand grenades, he forced his way into enemy foxholes during hand-to-hand fighting, permitting his unit to retake Abucay Hacienda. One other extreme act of bravery was put forth by a Filipino named Narcisco Salbadin. He was on a heavy water-cooled machine gun when the Japanese burst out of a canebreak in a banzai attack. He shot down dozens of the Japanese with his machine gun, then when it jammed he pulled out his Colt .45 shot down five Japanese, then when one Japanese stabbed at him with a bayonet, he desperately tried to grab the gun, but got his thumb cut off. But he still held on, and then with a sudden burst of adrenaline he turned the gun on the Japanese and stabbed him in the chest. When another Japanese soldier swung a bayonet at him, he turned his rifle on the soldier and shot him dead. Narcisco received the Silver Cross. Another attack on 14 January at the boundary of positions held by the 41st Division and 51st Divisions of Brig. Generals Vicente Lim and Albert M. Jones, respectively, aided by the 43rd and 23rd Infantry, stubbornly refused the Japanese their left flank. The Japanese advanced to the Salian River valley through a gap made by the 51st Infantry's withdrawal. But a patrol discovered the infiltration, and units of the 21st Division rushed to the valley, and repulsed the attackers after a savage encounter. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (375x623, 55 KB) Summary Map of Japanese pincer drive to Bataan Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (375x623, 55 KB) Summary Map of Japanese pincer drive to Bataan Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Alexander R. Nininger Jr. ... is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Brigadier General Vicente Lim (1889 – 1945) was a World War II general. ...

At another engagement farther to the west, a Japanese force surprised and routed the 53rd Infantry of Col. John R. Boatwright. This force also penetrated deep behind the Abucay-Mauban line along the Abo-Abo river valley. But their advance was held up by combined units of the 21st and 51st Divisions, the 31st Division of Brig. Gen. Clifford Bluemel ,and Col. John H. Rodman's 92nd Infantry at the Bani-Guirol forest area. The 31st Infantry and the 45th Infantry, Philippine Scouts of Col. Thomas W. Doyle partially restored the abandoned line of the 51st Division.

On 15 January , the reinforced 1st Regular Division of Brig. Gen. Fidel Segundo , defending the Morong sector came under heavy bombardment, but held the line. The Japanese penetrated through a huge gap in the Silangan-Natib area, established a roadblock on Mauban ridge, threatening to cut off the division's rear. Repeated attacks by the 91st Division and 71st Division, and 92nd Infantry failed to dislodge the Japanese . The attackers' nightly raids and infiltration tactics became more frequent. Previously, Gen. Parker's II Corps had prevented a similar encirclement at the Salian river battle, but the position of Gen. Wainwright's I Corps was deemed indefensible, and the Abucay-Mauban line had to be abandoned on January 22. is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Japanese flamethrower in action against a bunker on the Orion-Bagac line

Image File history File links Jia_flame_throw_bataan. ... Image File history File links Jia_flame_throw_bataan. ...

Battles of Trail 2

Within four days, the Orion-Bagac line was formed. But the defenders had yet to complete their withdrawal to the reserve battle position when the Japanese struck again, through a gap held by I Corps. General Bluemel hastily organized a defense along Trail 2, consisting of 32nd Infantry, 41st Infantry and 51st Division reinforcements, in time to stop a major offensive and plugged the gap.

Battles of the Pockets

The remaining Japanese troops managed to get through, however, and held out at some rear sectors of the Orion-Bagac line at the Tuol River valley behind the 11th Division, and in the Gogo-Cotar River behind the 1st Regular Division. From 23 January-17 February, coordinated action by the defenders, to eliminate these salients of resistance, became known as the Battles of the Pockets. Fierce fighting marked the action. Capt. Alfredo M. Santos of the 1st Regular Division outmaneuvered and outsmarted the enemy during their attempt to pocket their area. In both attempts, his unit successfully broke through the Gogo-Cotar and Tuol Pockets, thus earning for himself the moniker "hero of the pockets". For his heroic feat in battle, he was promoted to Major in the field. Major Santos was then given the hazardous mission of closing the gaps and annihilating the enemy troops who had infiltrated the lines as the gap posed a serious threat to the positions and the security of the division. With utter disregard for his personal safety, he led a counter-attack against the strong and numerically superior Japanese forces positioned between the MLR and the Regimental Reserve Line (RRL). The fighting began at dawn of January 29, 1942. With dogged determination , the defenders fought assiduously and without pause against all odds to restore the defensive sector assigned to the 1st Regular Division. On 3 February 1942, 1st Lt. Willibald C. Bianchi of the 45th Infantry, Philippine Scouts voluntarily led a reinforced platoon forward against two enemy machine-gun nests, silenced them with grenades, and then manned an antiaircraft machine gun until his wounds disabled him. His Medal of Honor was awarded posthumously. Of the 2,000 Japanese soldiers engaged, only 377 were reported to have escaped. is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... GENERAL ALFREDO M. SANTOS was Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in 1962 to 1965, making him the first four-star general of the Philippines armed forces. ... GENERAL ALFREDO M. SANTOS was Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in 1962 to 1965, making him the first four-star general of the Philippines armed forces. ... is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Willibald C. Bianchi was an officer in the Philippine Scouts who received the Medal of Honor for actions in Bataan, Philippines during that countrys capitulation to Japanese forces during World War II. He was killed during the action for which he was awarded the medal and was posthumously promoted...

Battles of the Points

In an attempt to outflank I Corps and isolate the Service Command sector of Brig. Gen. Allan C. McBride, crack Japanese marines were landed on the west coast of southern Bataan. Battles were fought ferociously at the Lapay-Longoskawayan points from 23 January - 29, at the Quinawan-Aglaloma points from 22 January - 8 February, and at the Silalim-Anyasan points from 27 January - 13 February. Out of the 2,000 Japanese troops committed to these battles, only 34 wounded returned to their lines. These engagements were named the Battles of the Points. is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Fall

A newspaper headline on April 24, 1942 telling of the fall of Bataan

On the night of 12 March, General MacArthur, his family, and several USAFFE staff officers left Corregidor for Mindanao aboard four PT boats commanded by Lieutenant Commander John Duncan Bulkeley. For this and a number of other feats over the course of four months and eight days, Bulkeley was awarded the Medal of Honor, the Navy Cross, the Distinguished Service Cross and other citations. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1134x1800, 630 KB)[1] This image is of a scan of a newspaper page or article, and the copyright for it is most likely owned by either the publisher of the newspaper or the individual contributors who worked on the articles... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1134x1800, 630 KB)[1] This image is of a scan of a newspaper page or article, and the copyright for it is most likely owned by either the publisher of the newspaper or the individual contributors who worked on the articles... is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost island in the Philippines. ... PT boats in line A PT boat was a motor torpedo boat (hull classification symbol PT), a small, fast vessel used by the United States Navy in World War II to attack larger surface ships. ... Vice Admiral John Duncan Bulkeley (19 August 1911 - 6 April 1996) was a United States Navy officer who received the Medal of Honor for actions in the Pacific Theater during World War II. He was also the PT boat skipper who evacuated General MacArthur from Corregidor in the Philippines. ... The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States. ... The Navy Cross is the second highest medal that can be awarded by the Department of the Navy and the second highest award given for valor. ... The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is the second highest military decoration of the United States Army, awarded for extreme gallantry and risk of life in actual combat with an armed enemy force. ...

MacArthur was eventually flown to Australia where he broadcast to the Filipino people his famous "I Shall Return" promise. MacArthur's departure marked the end of the USAFFE and by 22 March, the defending army was renamed United States Forces in the Philippines (USFIP) and Lt. Gen. Jonathan Wainwright IV was placed in command. Language(s) Filipino, Bikol, Cebuano, English, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray-Waray, and over 100 others Religion(s) Predominantly Roman Catholic Various smaller Christian denominations Significant Muslim minority Filipinos are the citizens of the Philippines, located in Southeast Asia. ... is the 81st day of the year (82nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV (August 23, 1883 – September 2, 1953), as a Lieutenant General, was the commanding officer of the Philippine Department at the time of its surrender to the Japanese, during World War II. Wainwright was married to Adele Holley Wainwright (1887–1979). ...

After the failure of their first attack against Bataan, the Japanese General Headquarters sent strong artillery forces to the Philippines in order to smash the American fortifications. They had 190 artillery pieces, which included bigger guns like 150mm cannons or the rare Type 96 240mm field howitzer, with Bataan being its only known campaign. The 1st Artillery Headquarters under Maj. Gen. Kineo Kitajima, who was a known authority on IJA artillery, also moved to the Philippines along with the main forces to command and control these artillery units. Also the Japanese High Command reinforced Gen. Homma's 14th Imperial Army and toward the end of March, the Japanese forces prepared for the final assault.

Allied troops listen to Voice of Freedom broadcast

On 3 April, the entire Orion-Bagac line was subjected to incessant bombings by 100 aircraft and artillery bombardment by 300 artillery pieces from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m., which turned the Mount Samat stronghold into an inferno. Thereafter, the Japanese 4th Division and 65th Brigade spearheaded the main attack at the left flank of II Corps. Everywhere along the line, the remaining American and Filipino defenders were driven back by masses of Japanese tanks and infantry. The enemy launched a drive into the center, penetrated into flanks held by the 22nd and 23rd Regiments of the 21st Division and by 6 April, Mt. Samat was captured. Image File history File links Voice_of_freedom_broadcast. ... Image File history File links Voice_of_freedom_broadcast. ... is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Mountain in the Province of Bataan, Republic of the Philippines. ... is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

All along the battle front, units of I Corps together with devastated remnants of II Corps, crumbled and straggled to the rear. And as the lines of escape dwindled, other units disappeared into the jungle, never to be heard from again. In the last two days of the defense of Bataan, the entire Allied defense progressively disintegrated and collapsed. By 8 April, the senior US commander on Bataan, Maj. Gen. Edward P. King, saw the futility of further resistance, and put forth proposals for capitulation. April 8 is the 98th day of the year (99th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Major General Edward P. King Edward P. King was a Major General in the United States Army who gained prominence for leading the defense of the Bataan Peninsula in the Battle of Bataan against the Japanese invasion of the Philippines in WWII. Education He was born in Atlanta, Georgia in...

Gen. Edward King discusses terms of surrender with Japanese officers

The next morning, 9 April 1942, Gen. King met with Maj. Gen. Kameichiro Nagano and after several hours of negotiations surrendered the remaining weary, starving and emaciated American and Filipino defenders on the battle-swept Bataan peninsula. Image File history File links King_discusses_surrender. ... Image File history File links King_discusses_surrender. ... is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Radio Broadcast - Voice of Freedom - Malinta Tunnel - Corregidor - April 9, 1942 Bataan has fallen. The Philippine-American troops on this war-ravaged and bloodstained peninsula have laid down their arms. With heads bloody but unbowed, they have yielded to the superior force and numbers of the enemy. Diagram of Malinta Tunnel layout Hospital lateral in the Malinta Tunnel The Malinta Tunnel is a tunnel complex built by the United States Army Corps of Engineers on the island of Corregidor in the Philippines. ...

The world will long remember the epic struggle that Filipino and American soldiers put up in the jungle fastness and along the rugged coast of Bataan. They have stood up uncomplaining under the constant and grueling fire of the enemy for more than three months. Besieged on land and blockaded by sea, cut off from all sources of help in the Philippines and in America, the intrepid fighters have done all that human endurance could bear.

For what sustained them through all these months of incessant battle was a force that was more than merely physical. It was the force of an unconquerable faith--something in the heart and soul that physical hardship and adversity could not destroy! It was the thought of native land and all that it holds most dear, the thought of freedom and dignity and pride in these most priceless of all our human prerogatives.

The adversary, in the pride of his power and triumph, will credit our troops with nothing less than the courage and fortitude that his own troops have shown in battle. Our men have fought a brave and bitterly contested struggle. All the world will testify to the most superhuman endurance with which they stood up until the last in the face of overwhelming odds. But the decision had to come. Men fighting under the banner of unshakable faith are made of something more that flesh, but they are not made of impervious steel. The flesh must yield at last, endurance melts away, and the end of the battle must come. Bataan has fallen, but the spirit that made it stand--a beacon to all the liberty-loving peoples of the world--cannot fall!

Japanese soldiers guard Allied prisoners of war

Image File history File links Japs_guard_POWs. ... Image File history File links Japs_guard_POWs. ...

Outcome and historical significance

The surrender of Bataan would hasten the fall of Corregidor, a month later. However, without this stand, the Japanese might have quickly overrun all of the U.S. bases in the Pacific. Bataan forced them to slow down, giving the allies valuable time to prepare for conflicts such as the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Battle of Midway which followed closely thereafter. Ultimately, more than 60,000 Filipino and 15,000 American prisoners of war were forced into the infamous Bataan Death March. Corregidor and the entrance to Manila Bay Corregidor in 1941 Corregidor is an island in the entrance of the Philippines Manila Bay. ... Combatants United States Navy Royal Australian Navy Imperial Japanese Navy Commanders Frank J. Fletcher John G. Crace Shigeyoshi Inoue Takeo Takagi Strength 2 large carriers, 3 cruisers 2 large carriers, 1 light carrier, 4 cruisers Casualties 1 fleet carrier, 1 destroyer, 1 oil tanker sunk 543 killed 1 light carrier... Combatants United States Empire of Japan Commanders Chester W. Nimitz Frank J. Fletcher Raymond A. Spruance Isoroku Yamamoto Chuichi Nagumo Tamon Yamaguchi â€  Strength 3 carriers, ~50 support ships, 233 carrier aircraft, 127 land-based aircraft 4 carriers, 7 battleships, ~150 support ships, 248 carrier aircraft, 16 floatplanes Casualties 1 carrier... Note on correct pronunciation: Filipino (Tagalog) speakers pronounce Bataan as (phonetically) Bata-An. In English, the name is rendered Baaa-Tan or Bat-tan. The Bataan Death March (also known as The Death March of Bataan) took place in the Philippines in 1942 and was later accounted as a Japanese...

American liberation forces finally retook the Bataan peninsula on 8 February 1945. The Battle for the Recapture of Bataan from January 31 to February 8, 1945 by U.S. Forces from the Japanese, part of the campaign for the liberation of the Philippines was waged to secure the western shore of Manila Bay to enable the use of its harbor and open... is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Historical commemoration

• The Mt. Samat Shrine or the Dambana ng Kagitingan ("Shrine of Valor") in Pilar, Bataan in the Philippines was erected as a war memorial featuring a colonnade that houses an altar, esplanade, and a museum. There is also a memorial cross standing about 311-ft or 90 meters high.

• The United States Navy Wasp Class Multi-Purpose Amphibious Assault Ship USS Bataan (LHD-5), commissioned on 20 September 1997, commemorates those who served and sacrificed in the Philippines in the name of freedom in the Pacific.

• The Bataan Death March Memorial Monument, erected in April, 2001 is the only funded monument by the US Federal Government dedicated to the victims of the Bataan Death March during World War II. The Memorial was designed and sculpted by Las Cruces artist Kelley Hester and is located in Veterans Park along Roadrunner Parkway, New Mexico.

• The bridge in Chicago, Illinois where State Street crosses the Chicago River is named the Bataan-Corregidor Memorial Bridge.

Mountain in the Province of Bataan, Republic of the Philippines. ... Our Lady of the Pillar Nuestra Señora del Pilar (Spanish for Our Lady of the Pillar) the name given to Virgin Mary for her appearance in Spain, whose shrine (Nuestra Señora del Pilar Basilica) is in Zaragoza, Spain, by the river Ebro. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Bataan Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: Balanga City Founded: —1754 Population: 2000 census—557,659 (46th largest) Density—406 per km² (12th highest) Area: 1,373. ... USN redirects here. ... USS Bataan (LHD-5) is a Wasp-class amphibious assault ship commissioned in 1997. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Largest metro area Albuquerque metropolitan area Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Windy City Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location Location in Chicagoland and northern Illinois Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States Illinois Cook, DuPage Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 606. ... State Street is the name given to one of the major thoroughfares in Chicago, Illinois. ... The Chicago River is 156 miles (251 km) long[1], and flows through downtown Chicago. ...

See also

• Battle of Corregidor
• Battle of the Philippines (1941-42)
• History of the Philippines
• Military History of Japan
• Military History of the Philippines
• Military History of the United States
• Wartime film dramatization, So Proudly We Hail! (1943)

Combatants United States and Philippines Japan Commanders Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV George F. Moore Samuel L. Howard Masaharu Homma Kureo Tanaguchi Kizon Mikami Strength 13,000 U.S. and Filipino troops 75,000 Japanese troops Casualties 800 killed 1,000 wounded 11,000 POWs 900 killed 1,200 wounded The... Combatants the Philippines, United States Japan Commanders Douglas MacArthur/ Jonathan M. Wainwright Masaharu Homma Strength About 150,000 120,000 Casualties 2,500 killed in action; 10,000 POWs killed/died during Bataan Death March 5,000 wounded 100,000 POWs total 1,200 killed; 500 missing in action 1... The history of the Philippines begins with the arrival of the first humans in the Philippines by land bridges at least 30,000 years ago. ... The military history of Japan is characterised by a long period of feudal wars, followed by domestic stability, and then foreign conquest. ... // List of major battles Battle of Manila Battle of Bataan Battle of Mactan Battle of Corregidor Battle of Luzon Battle of Leyte Battle of Pulang Lupa Balangiga Massacre Small Wars Wars with local Islamic Extremists Wars with local Communist Insurgents Foreign Service International Force East Timor see INTERFET UN Transitional... The military history of the United States spans a period of over two centuries. ...

References

• Bartsch, William H. (2003). December 8, 1941: MacArthur's Pearl Harbor. College Station, TX, USA: Texas A&M University Press. 
• Burton, John (2006). Fortnight of Infamy: The Collapse of Allied Airpower West of Pearl Harbor. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 159114096X. 
• Connaughton, Richard (2001). MacArthur and Defeat in the Philippines. New York: The Overlook Press. 
• Mallonee, Richard C. (2003). Battle for Bataan : An Eyewitness Account. I Books. ISBN 0743474503. 
• Rottman, Gordon L. (2005). Japanese Army in World War II: Conquest of the Pacific 1941-42. Osprey Publishing. ISBN -84176-789-1. 
• Whitman, John W. (1990). Bataan: Our Last Ditch : The Bataan Campaign, 1942. Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0870528777. 
• Young, Donald J. (1992). The Battle of Bataan: A History of the 90 Day Siege and Eventual Surrender of 75,000 Filipino and United States Troops to the Japanese in World War. McFarland & Company. ISBN 0899507573. 

External links

• "Marines in the Defense of the Philippines" Photos and Text
• U.S. Army Center of Military History: The Fall of the Philippines
• U.S. Army Center of Military History: World War II Medal of Honor Recipients A-F
• U.S. Army Center of Military History: World War II Medal of Honor Recipients M-S
• Animated History of The Battle of Bataan and Corregidor
• Battle for Bataan
• [1] Info on the Dambana ng Kagitingan Shrine.