Battle of Cape Esperance
Part of the Pacific Theater of World War II
The U.S. destroyer Duncan on October 7, 1942, five days before she was sunk during the Battle of Cape Esperance.
Date October 11, 1942 – October 12, 1942 Location Off Cape Esperance, Guadalcanal Result Allied victory
Combatants
United States New Zealand Australia	Empire of Japan
Commanders
Norman Scott	Aritomo Goto†
Strength
4 cruisers 5 destroyers	3 cruisers 2 destroyers
Casualties
1 destroyer sunk, 1 cruiser, 1 destroyer heavily damaged, 163 killed[1]	1 cruiser, 1 destroyer sunk, 1 cruiser heavily damaged, 454 killed, 111 captured[2]

The Battle of Cape Esperance, also known as the Second Battle of Savo Island and, in Japanese sources, as the Sea Battle of Savo Island took place October 11-12, 1942, and was a naval battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, between Imperial Japanese Navy and the Allied naval forces. The battle was the third major naval engagement during the Battle of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands campaign and took place at the entrance to the strait between Savo Island and Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. Combatants Republic of China U.S.A. (from 1941) U.K. (from 1941) Australia (1941) Netherlands (1941) New Zealand (1941) Canada (1941) U.S.S.R. (from 1945) Empire of Japan Commanders Chiang Kai-shek, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Josef Stalin (from 1945) Hideki Tojo The Pacific War was... Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000,000 Total dead: 50,000,000 Military dead: 8,000,000 Civilian dead: 4,000,000 Total dead 12,000,000 World War II (abbreviated WWII), or the Second World War, was a worldwide conflict... Image File history File links CapeEsperanceDuncan. ... October 11 is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... Chart of Ironbottom Sound and surrounding waters and islands. ... Guadalcanal, position (inset) and main towns Guadalcanal is a 2,510 square mile (6 500 km²) island in the Pacific Ocean and a province of the Solomon Islands. ... Anthem: Kimi Ga Yo Imperial Reign Slogan: Fukoku Kyohei Enrich the Country, Strengthen the Military Imperial Japan at its fullest extent during World War II Capital Tokyo Government Constitutional monarchy Emperor  - 1852-1912 Emperor Meiji  - 1912-1926 Emperor Taishō  - 1926-1989 Emperor Shōwa Prime Minister (many other Prime Ministers... Norman Scott (10 August 1889 – 13 November 1942) was an admiral in the United States Navy and a recipient of the Medal of Honor. ... Aritomo Gotō (五藤 存知, Gotō Aritomo; 1884 - October 12,[1] 1942) was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. From the beginning of the war he was in command of Cruiser Division 6 (CruDiv6), consisting of the four heavy cruisers Aoba (Gotos flagship), Furutaka, Kinugasa, and Kako. ... Combatants United States Australia New Zealand United Kingdom British Solomon Islands Protectorate[1] Tonga[2] Empire of Japan Commanders Robert Ghormley William Halsey, Jr. ... Combatants United States Australia Empire of Japan Commanders Alexander Vandegrift, William H. Rupertus Isoroku Yamamoto, Shigeyoshi Inoue Strength 3,000[1] 886[2] Casualties 122 killed[3] 863 killed, 23 captured[4] The Battle of Tulagi and Gavutu-Tanambogo was a land battle of the Pacific campaign of World War... Combatants United States, Australia, United Kingdom Empire of Japan Commanders Richmond K. Turner, Victor A. C. Crutchley Isoroku Yamamoto, Gunichi Mikawa Strength 8 cruisers, 15 destroyers[2] 7 cruisers, 1 destroyer[3] Casualties 4 cruisers sunk, 1 cruiser, 2 destroyers damaged, 1,077 killed[4] 3 cruisers moderately damaged, 58... Combatants United States, Australia, Solomon Islands Empire of Japan Commanders Alexander Vandegrift, Clifton B. Cates Harukichi Hyakutake, Kiyonao Ichiki â€  Strength 1,500[1] 917[2] Casualties 44 killed[3] 777 killed, 15 captured[4] The Battle of the Tenaru, also known as the Battle of the Ilu River, took place... Battle of the Eastern Solomons Conflict World War II, Pacific War Date August 24, 1942 – August 25, 1942 Place North of Santa Isabel, United States Japan Commanders William Halsey, Jr. ... Combatants United States Australia Solomon Islands Empire of Japan Commanders Alexander Vandegrift Merritt A. Edson Harukichi Hyakutake Kiyotaki Kawaguchi Strength 12,500[1] 6,217[2] Casualties 96 killed[3] 800+ killed[4] The Battle of Edsons Ridge, also known as the Battle of the Bloody Ridge and Battle... Combatants United States Empire of Japan Commanders Alexander Vandegrift, Merritt A. Edson Chesty Puller Harukichi Hyakutake, Kiyotaki Kawaguchi Akinosuka Oka Strength 3,000[1] 1,900[2] Casualties 156 killed[3] 750 killed[4] The Actions along the Matanikau in September and October, 1942, were two separate but related engagements... Combatants United States Australia Solomon Islands Japan Commanders Alexander Vandegrift Harukichi Hyakutake Strength 23,088[1] 14,000[2] Casualties 61-86 killed[3] 2,200+ killed[4] The Battle for Henderson Field, also known as the Battle of Henderson Field, took place October 23–26, 1942, and was a... Combatants United States (U.S.) Japan Commanders William Halsey, Jr. ... Combatants United States, Australia, New Zealand Japan Commanders William Halsey, Jr Isoroku Yamamoto Strength 1 carrier, 2 battleships, 5 cruisers, 12 destroyers 2 battleships, 8 cruisers, 16 destroyers Casualties 2 light cruisers, 7 destroyers sunk, 26 aircraft destroyed, 1,732 killed[1] 2 battleships, 1 heavy cruiser, 3 destroyers, 11... The Battle of Tassafaronga was a naval battle fought between United States and Japanese forces on 30 November 1942. ... Operation KE was the three-phase withdrawal of all Japanese forces from the Battle of Guadalcanal following the defeat of the Imperial Army in ground combat centered at Henderson Field and the near destruction of Japanese naval forces in the area. ... Battle of Rennell Island Conflict World War II, Pacific War Date 29 January 1943 – 30 January 1943 Place Rennell Island, Solomon Islands Result Japanese victory The Battle of Rennell Island was a naval battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II fought on 29 January – 30 January... The Solomon Islands Campaign was a large series of battles that occurred in the Pacific Theater of World War II. This was the first large-scale campaign in the War in the Pacific, and the victories achieved by the Americans in the battles of this campaign helped secure vital bases... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Combatants United States Australia New Zealand United Kingdom British Solomon Islands Protectorate[1] Tonga[2] Empire of Japan Commanders Robert Ghormley William Halsey, Jr. ... Battle of Blackett Strait Conflict World War II, Pacific War Date 6 March 1943 Place Blackett Strait, Solomon Islands Result American victory The Battle of Blackett Strait was a naval battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought on 6 March 1943 in the Blackett Strait, between Kolombangara... The eastern part of the Territory of New Guinea, and the northern Solomon Islands; the area in which Operation Cartwheel took place, from June 1943. ... To boost Japanese morale following the disastrous Battle of Guadalcanal, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, commander of the Imperial Japanese Navy, decided to make an inspection tour throughout the South Pacific. ... The battle of New Georgia was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II. It was part of Operation Cartwheel, and was fought in the New Georgia group of islands in the central Solomon Islands from 10 June 1943 to August 25, 1943 between forces of Japan and... The Battle of Kula Gulf was a naval battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought in the early hours of 6 July 1943, between United States and Japanese ships off the coast of Kolombangara in the Solomon Islands. ... Combatants United States New Zealand Japan Commanders Walden L. Ainsworth Shunji Izaki † Strength 3 light cruisers, 10 destroyers 1 light cruiser, 5 destroyers Casualties 1 destroyer sunk, 3 light cruisers heavily damaged, 89 killed[1] 1 light cruiser sunk, 482 killed[2] The Battle of Kolombangara (Japanese: コロンバンガラ島沖海戦) was a naval... Combatants United States Japan Commanders Frederick Moosbrugger Kaju Sugiura Strength 6 destroyers 4 destroyers Casualties None 3 destroyers sunk, 1,210 killed[1] The Battle of Vella Gulf (Japanese: ベラ湾夜戦) was a naval battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II fought on the night of August 6, 1943 – August... Battle off Horaniu Conflict World War II, Pacific War Date August 17, 1943 – August 18, 1943 Place Near Vella Lavella in the Solomon Islands Result Japanese strategic victory The Battle off Horaniu was a naval battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II fought on the night of... New Zealand soldiers land at Baka Baka, Vella Lavella to relieve the U.S. 35th Infantry Regiment, 25th Division, on September 17, 1943. ... Battle of Vella Lavella Conflict World War II, Pacific War Date October 7, 1943 Place Vella Lavella in the Solomon Islands Result Japanese victory The Battle of Vella Lavella was a naval battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II fought on the night of October 6, 1943 near... The Battle of the Treasury Islands was fought from October 25 to October 27 of 1943 between New Zealand and Japan in the Solomon Islands. ... Combatants United States Australia Empire of Japan Commanders Victor H. Krulak Harukichi Hyakutake Strength 750[1] 3,000-7,000[2] Casualties 13 killed[3] 143 killed, two barges sunk[4] The Raid on Choiseul was a small unit engagement that occurred from October 28 to November 3, 1943, during... Combatants United States Australia New Zealand Fiji Empire of Japan Commanders Roy Geiger Theodore S. Wilkinson Oscar Griswold Stanley Savige Harukichi Hyakutake Masatane Kanda Strength 126,000 troops,[1] 728 aircraft[2] 65,000 troops,[3] 154 aircraft[4] Casualties 1,243 dead[5] 44,000 dead[6] The Bougainville... Combatants United States, Australia, New Zealand Empire of Japan Commanders George Kenney (land air forces), William Halsey, Jr. ... Battle of Cape St. ... Troops from New Zealand disembark from U.S. Landing Craft Infantry ship LCI-444 to occupy Green Island on February 16, 1944. ... The French battleship Orient burns, 1 August 1798, during the Battle of the Nile A naval battle is a battle fought using ships or other waterborne vessels. ... Combatants Republic of China U.S.A. (from 1941) U.K. (from 1941) Australia (1941) Netherlands (1941) New Zealand (1941) Canada (1941) U.S.S.R. (from 1945) Empire of Japan Commanders Chiang Kai-shek, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Josef Stalin (from 1945) Hideki Tojo The Pacific War was... Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000,000 Total dead: 50,000,000 Military dead: 8,000,000 Civilian dead: 4,000,000 Total dead 12,000,000 World War II (abbreviated WWII), or the Second World War, was a worldwide conflict... The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) (: 大日本帝國海軍 Shinjitai: 大日本帝国海軍   or 日本海軍 Nippon Kaigun), officially Navy of Empire of Greater Japan, also known as the Japanese Navy or Combined Fleet was the Navy of Empire of Japan from 1869 until 1947, when it was dissolved following Japans constitutional renunciation of the use of force... The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis Powers during the Second World War. ... Operation Watchtower On August 7, 1942, the 1st Marine Division performed an amphibious landing east of the Tenaru River. ... The Solomon Islands Campaign was a large series of battles that occurred in the Pacific Theater of World War II. This was the first large-scale campaign in the War in the Pacific, and the victories achieved by the Americans in the battles of this campaign helped secure vital bases... Savo Island is a minor island in the Solomon Islands group in the South Pacific ocean. ... Guadalcanal, position (inset) and main towns Guadalcanal is a 2,510 square mile (6 500 km²) island in the Pacific Ocean and a province of the Solomon Islands. ...

In a nighttime warship engagement, a U.S. force of cruisers and destroyers surprised and drove off a Japanese force of cruisers and destroyers that was approaching to bombard Henderson Field on Guadalcanal. Although the result of the battle was a tactical victory for the U.S. and its allies, it had little strategic impact on the overall Solomon Islands campaign. Honiara International Airport (IATA: HIR, ICAO: AGGH), formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport located on Guadalcanal Island in the Solomon Islands. ... The Solomon Islands Campaign was a large series of battles that occurred in the Pacific Theater of World War II. This was the first large-scale campaign in the War in the Pacific, and the victories achieved by the Americans in the battles of this campaign helped secure vital bases...

Background

On August 7, 1942, Allied forces (primarily U.S.) landed on Guadalcanal, Tulagi, and Florida Islands. The landings on the islands were meant to deny their use by the Japanese as bases to threaten the supply routes between the U.S. and Australia, and to use them as starting points for a campaign with the eventual goal of isolating the major Japanese base at Rabaul while also supporting the Allied New Guinea and New Britain campaigns. The landings initiated the seven-month-long Battle of Guadalcanal that resulted in a series of ground, sea and air battles in a war of attrition between the allies and the Japanese. August 7 is the 219th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (220th in leap years), with 146 days remaining. ... The Florida Islands are a small island group in Solomon Islands, a nation in the Pacific Ocean. ... A military base is a facility directly owned and operated by and/or for the military or one of its branches that shelters military equipment and personnel, and facilitates training and operations. ... A threat is a declaration of intention to inflict punishment or harm on another. ... Materiel (from the French for material) is the equipment and supplies in Military and commercial supply chain management. ... In the military sciences, a military campaign encompass related military operations, usually conducted by a defense or fighting force, directed at gaining a particular desired state of affairs, usually within geographical and temporal limitations. ... A view from Rabaul Volcano Observatory across the relatively undamaged western half of Rabaul and towards Tavurur Rabaul, Papua New Guinea, was the headquarters of German New Guinea and then the Australian mandatory territory of New Guinea from 1910 until 1937, the base of Japanese activities in the South Pacific... Australian soldiers in New Britain in 1945 (AWM 092342) The New Britain Campaign was a World War II campaign fought by the Allies between December 1943 and the end of the war to secure and protect air bases on the island of New Britain. ... Operation Watchtower On August 7, 1942, the 1st Marine Division performed an amphibious landing east of the Tenaru River. ...

The Allies had seized Henderson Field on Guadalcanal from the Japanese on August 7, and began operating combat aircraft out of it on August 15. Henderson Field and the aircraft based there soon began having a telling effect on the movement of Japanese forces in the Solomon Islands and in the attrition of Japanese air forces in the South Pacific area. In fact, Allied control of Henderson Field became the key factor in the entire battle for Guadalcanal.^[3] In an attempt to neutralize Henderson field, on October 11, 1942 the Japanese sent a force under Rear Admiral Aritomo Goto to bombard the airfield and reinforce the Japanese ground forces attacking the airfield. At about 23:30, off Cape Esperance, the Japanese warships encountered Rear Admiral Norman Scott's patrolling Task Force 64. This article is about the military strategy. ... Pacific Ocean Areas was a major Allied military command during World War II. It was one of four major commands during the Pacific War, and one of two United States commands in the Pacific theatre of operations. ... October 11 is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... Aritomo Gotō (五藤 存知, Gotō Aritomo; 1884 - October 12,[1] 1942) was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. From the beginning of the war he was in command of Cruiser Division 6 (CruDiv6), consisting of the four heavy cruisers Aoba (Gotos flagship), Furutaka, Kinugasa, and Kako. ... Chart of Ironbottom Sound and surrounding waters and islands. ... Norman Scott (10 August 1889 – 13 November 1942) was an admiral in the United States Navy and a recipient of the Medal of Honor. ...

Battle

Knowing that the Japanese had the advantage in night fighting, Scott intended to use his destroyers to illuminate the targets with their searchlights and destroy them with shellfire. He ordered his force to turn into line ahead, and managed to "cross the T" of the approaching Japanese; but an error in the execution of the turn placed his destroyers between the two forces, and the Duncan was hit by shells from both sides and crippled, sinking the next day. Edisons classical searchlight cart. ... Crossing the T. In naval warfare, crossing the T is a tactic in which a line of battleships manoeuvres across the front of a line of enemy ships, allowing the former to bring all their guns to bear while receiving fire from only the forward guns of the latter. ... USS Duncan (DD-485), a Gleaves-class destroyer, was the 2nd ship of the United States Navy to be named for Silas Duncan, who was severely wounded by enemy fire which caused the loss of his right arm during the Battle of Lake Champlain, 11 September 1814. ...

The Japanese were taken by surprise and Goto was mortally wounded when his flagship Aoba was hit in the opening moments. The Furutaka following Aoba drew the massed fire of the San Francisco, Salt Lake City , Boise and Helena, and sank. The Fubuki, Japanese name for Blizzard, was caught in a blizzard of shellfire by the combined American Task force and was instantly sunk. The Hatsuyuki, and Kinugasa both turned away from the American Task force and were quickly disengaged on the safe side of the battle. Boise received two 8-inch hits from Kinugasa, detonating her forward ready ammunition and killing the crews of turrets 1, 2, and 3. The rest of the American formation was in disarray and this confusion allowed the Japanese enough time to recover and escape. Aoba was the lead ship in a heavy cruiser class of two vessels in the Imperial Japanese Navy. ... Furutaka was a Japanese cruiser sunk in Ironbottom Sound during the Battle of Cape Esperance in World War II. Categories: Naval ship stubs | World War II Japanese cruisers ... See USS San Francisco for other ships of the same name. ... The first USS Salt Lake City (CL/CA-25) of the United States Navy was a Pensacola-class heavy cruiser sometimes known as Swayback Maru. She had the (unofficial) distinction of having taken part in more engagements than any other ship in the fleet. ... The Boise (CL-47) was a United States Navy Brooklyn-class light cruiser. ... The second USS Helena (CL-50) of the United States Navy was a light cruiser damaged in the attack on Pearl Harbor, and subsequently active in the Pacific War until she was sunk at the battle of Kula Gulf in 1943. ... Kinugasa was an Aoba-class heavy cruiser in the Imperial Japanese Navy, named after a mountain in Kanagawa prefecture. ...

By 00:20 on the 12th the shooting was over, and sailors set about saving their ships. Fubuki had already sunk at 23:45, while Furutaka lasted until 00:40. Boise was saved by flooding, which put out the most dangerous fires. Duncan was abandoned at 02:00, but at 03:00 a party from McCalla boarded and attempted damage control until noon of the next day, by which time the main deck was awash and the salvage party had to leave Duncan to her fate.

Aftermath

The American victory led to the wrong lessons being learned. The line-ahead tactic worked well at Cape Esperance, but the later battles of Tassafaronga and Kolombangara showed that at night linear gunfire tactics — the gun flashes lighting up ships and revealing their positions — were highly vulnerable to torpedoes. The Battle of Tassafaronga was a naval battle fought between United States and Japanese forces on 30 November 1942. ... Combatants United States New Zealand Japan Commanders Walden L. Ainsworth Shunji Izaki † Strength 3 light cruisers, 10 destroyers 1 light cruiser, 5 destroyers Casualties 1 destroyer sunk, 3 light cruisers heavily damaged, 89 killed[1] 1 light cruiser sunk, 482 killed[2] The Battle of Kolombangara (Japanese: コロンバンガラ島沖海戦) was a naval...

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References

Books

• Brown, David (1990). Warship Losses of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-914-X. 
• Cook, Charles O. (1992 (Reissue)). The Battle of Cape Esperance: Encounter at Guadalcanal. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-126-2. 
• D'Albas, Andrieu (1965). Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II. Devin-Adair Pub. ISBN 0-8159-5302-X. 
• Dull, Paul S. (1978). A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-097-1. 
• Frank, Richard B. (1990). Guadalcanal : The Definitive Account of the Landmark Battle. New York: Penguin Group. ISBN 0-14-016561-4. 
• Hammel, Eric (1988). Guadalcanal: Decision at Sea : The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, Nov. 13–15, 1942. (CA): Pacifica Press. ISBN 0-517-56952-3. 
• Hara, Tameichi (1961). Japanese Destroyer Captain. New York & Toronto: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-27894-1. 
• Kilpatrick, C. W. (1987). Naval Night Battles of the Solomons. Exposition Press. ISBN 0-682-40333-4. 
• Lacroix, Eric; Linton Wells (1997). Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-311-3. 
• Langelo, Vincent A. (2000). With All Our Might: The WWII History of the USS Boise (Cl-47). Eakin Pr. ISBN 0-316-58305-7. 
• McGee, William L. (2002). The Solomons Campaigns, 1942-1943: From Guadalcanal to Bougainville--Pacific War Turning Point, Volume 2 (Amphibious Operations in the South Pacific in WWII). BMC Publications. ISBN 0-9701678-7-3. 
• Morison, Samuel Eliot (1958). “Chapter 8”, The Struggle for Guadalcanal, August 1942 – February 1943, vol. 5 of History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-58305-7. 
• Parkin, Robert Sinclair (1995). Blood on the Sea: American Destroyers Lost in World War II. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81069-7. 
• Poor, Henry Varnum; Henry A. Mustin & Colin G. Jameson (1994). The Battles of Cape Esperance, 11 October 1942 and Santa Cruz Islands, 26 October 1942 (Combat Narratives. Solomon Islands Campaign, 4-5). Naval Historical Center. ISBN 0-945274-21-1. 

Richard B. Frank (born 1947 in Kansas) is an American lawyer and military historian. ... Penguin Group is the second largest trade book publisher in the world. ... Eric M. Hammel is a popular military historian, with a focus on the military campaigns of the United States Marine Corps, and military action in World War II. Bibliography Carrier Clash: The Invasion of Guadalcanal & The Battle of the Eastern Solomons August 1942, 2004 ISBN 0760320527 Chosin : Heroic Ordeal of... Tameichi Hara Tameichi Hara (原 為一 Hara Tameichi 1900—?) was an Imperial Japanese naval commander during the Pacific War and the author of the IJN manual on torpedo attack techniques, famous for his high skill (particularly in torpedo warfare and night fighting). ... Ballantine Books, founded in 1952 by Ian Ballantine, is a major book publisher and is currently owned by Random House. ... RAdm Samuel Eliot Morison (1887-1976), USN historian Samuel Eliot Morison, RAdm, USNR (July 9, 1887 – May 15, 1976) was an American historian, notable for producing scholarly works that were both authoritative and highly readable, an ability recognized with two Pulitzer Prizes. ... The History of United States Naval Operations in World War II is a 15-volume account of the United States Navy in World War II, written by eminent historian Samuel Eliot Morison and published by Little, Brown and Company between 1947 and 1962. ... Little, Brown and Company is a publishing house established by Charles Coffin Little and his partner, James Brown. ...

External links

• Horan, Mark. Battle of Cape Esperance. Order of Battle. Retrieved on 2006-05-17.
• Office of Naval Intelligence (1943). The Battle of Cape Esperance 11 October 1942. Combat Narrative. Publications Branch, Office of Naval Intelligence, United States Navy. Retrieved on 2006-05-17.-somewhat inaccurate on details, since it was written during the war
• Parshall, Jon; Bob Hackett, Sander Kingsepp, & Allyn Nevitt. Imperial Japanese Navy Page (Combinedfleet.com). Retrieved on 2006-06-14.

-1... May 17 is the 137th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (138th in leap years). ... -1... May 17 is the 137th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (138th in leap years). ... -1... June 14 is the 165th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (166th in leap years), with 200 days remaining. ...

Notes