The Battle of Chantilly or Ox Hill took place on September 1, 1862, in Fairfax County, Virginia, as the concluding battle of the Northern Virginia Campaign of the American Civil War. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1488x1002, 775 KB)TITLE: General Kearneys gallant charge, at the Battle of Chantilly, VA 1st of September 1862 CREATED/PUBLISHED: [no date recorded on shelflist card] Source: Library of Congress. ... The American Civil War was fought in North America from 1861 until 1865 between the United States of America – forces coming mostly from the 23 northern states of the Union – and the newly-formed Confederate States of America, which consisted of 11 southern states that had declared their secession. ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Location Location of Fairfax County within Virginia. ... The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ... Motto: Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God our Vindicator) Anthem: God Save the South (unofficial) Dixie (popular) Capital Montgomery, Alabama February 4, 1861–May 29, 1861 Richmond, Virginia May 29, 1861–April 9, 1865 Danville, Virginia April 3–April 10, 1865 Largest city New Orleans February 4, 1861 until captured May... Philip Kearny (June 2, 1815–September 1, 1862) was a United States Army officer, notably in the Mexican and Civil wars. ... Isaac Ingalls Stevens (March 25, 1818 - September 1, 1862) was the first governor of Washington Territory, and served as a brigadier general in the Union Army during the Civil War until his death at the Battle of Chantilly. ... For the 1960s country music artist, see Stonewall Jackson (musician); for the submarine, see USS Stonewall Jackson (SSBN-634). ... IX Corps (Ninth Corps) was a corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War that distinguished itself in combat in multiple theaters: the Carolinas, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi. ... Battle of Cedar Mountain Conflict American Civil War Date August 9, 1862 Place Culpeper County, Virginia Result Confederate victory The Battle of Cedar Mountain, also known as the Battle of Slaughters Mountain or Cedar Run, took place on August 9, 1862 in Culpeper County, Virginia as part of the... Battle of Rappahannock Station I Conflict American Civil War Date August 22-25, 1862 Place Culpeper County and Fauquier County, Virginia Result Inconclusive The First Battle of Rappahannock Station, also variously known as the Battle of Waterloo Bridge, White Sulphur Springs, Lee Springs, or Freemans Ford, took place from... Manassas Station Operations Conflict American Civil War Date August 25-27, 1862 Place Prince William County, Virginia Result Confederate victory The Manassas Station Operations, also variously known as the Battle of Bristoe Station, Kettle Run, Bull Run Bridge, or Union Mills, took place from August 25-27, 1862 in Prince... Battle of Thoroughfare Gap Conflict American Civil War Date August 28, 1862 Place Fauquier County and Prince William County, Virginia Result Confederate victory The Battle of Thoroughfare Gap, also known as the Battle of Chapmans Mill, took place on August 28, 1862 in Fauquier County and Prince William County... Second Battle of Bull Run Conflict American Civil War Date August 28–30, 1862 Place Prince William County Result Confederate victory The Second Battle of Bull Run, known as the Second Battle of Manassas in the South, was fought August 30, 1862, as the major battle in the Northern Virginia... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Location Location of Fairfax County within Virginia. ... Union soldiers at the Orange & Alexandria Railroad The Northern Virginia Campaign, or the Second Bull Run Campaign, was a series of battles fought in Virginia during August and September, 1862, in the American Civil War. ... The American Civil War was fought in North America from 1861 until 1865 between the United States of America – forces coming mostly from the 23 northern states of the Union – and the newly-formed Confederate States of America, which consisted of 11 southern states that had declared their secession. ...

Defeated in the Second Battle of Bull Run, at 7 p.m. August 30, Union Major General John Pope ordered his Army of Virginia to retreat about 5 miles to the northeast to Centreville. The movement began after dark, with Irvin McDowell's III Corps providing cover. The army crossed Bull Run and the last troops across, Franz Sigel's I Corps, destroyed Stone Bridge behind them. It would have been unusual for a Civil War army to pursue and attack at night, and Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia had the added burden of fatigue from the battle, so the retreat went unmolested. Lee also allowed the II Corps of Nathaniel P. Banks to consolidate with the remainder of Pope's army, marching in from Bristoe Station, where they had been guarding the army's trains. Second Battle of Bull Run Conflict American Civil War Date August 28–30, 1862 Place Prince William County Result Confederate victory The Second Battle of Bull Run, known as the Second Battle of Manassas in the South, was fought August 30, 1862, as the major battle in the Northern Virginia... August 30 is the 242nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (243rd in leap years), with 123 days remaining. ... The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ... Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. ... Major General John Pope John Pope (March 18, 1822 – September 23, 1892) was a career Army officer and general in the American Civil War. ... The Army of Virginia was organized as a major unit of the Union Army and operated briefly and unsuccessfully in 1862 in the American Civil War. ... Centreville is an unincorporated place located in Fairfax County, Virginia. ... General Irvin McDowell Irvin McDowell (October 15, 1818 – May 4, 1885) was an American military officer, famous for his participation in the American Civil War. ... Daniel Sickles and staff after the Battle of Gettysburg There were four formations in the Union Army designated as III Corps (or Third Corps) during the American Civil War. ... Franz Sigel Franz Sigel ( November 18, 1824 – August 21, 1902) was a German military officer and immigrant to the United States who was a teacher, newspaperman, politician, and served as a Union general in the American Civil War. ... I Corps (First Corps) was the designation of four different corps_sized units in the Union Army during the American Civil War. ... Robert Edward Lee, as a U.S. Army Colonel before the war Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870) was a career army officer and the most successful general of the Confederate forces during the American Civil War. ... The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War in the eastern theater. ... There were five corps in the Union Army designated as II Corps (Second Corps) during the American Civil War. ... Nathaniel Prentiss Banks (January 30, 1816–September 1, 1894), American politician and soldier, was born at Waltham, Massachusetts. ...

Although the entire campaign had gone badly for Pope, he first began to show signs of discouragement on the morning of August 31, when he sent a message to General-in-Chief Henry W. Halleck that implied he expected Lee to attack again, which might mean the destruction of the Union army. Lee, however, had no intention of crossing Bull Run, swollen by rains, and attacking frontally. Instead, he sent Lieutenant General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson to get behind the Union position at Centreville. Lt. Gen. James Longstreet's corps remained in place for the day to deceive Pope while Jackson's corps made a wide flanking march, north and then east, attempting to block the Warrenton Turnpike and Pope's escape route. The corps moved slowly over muddy roads and bivouacked for the night at Pleasant Valley, 3 miles northeast of Centreville. Pope anticipated this maneuver and telegraphed Halleck that he could deal with it. August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining, as the final day of August. ... Henry Wager Halleck (1815 - 1872) was an American soldier and politician. ... Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. ... Stonewall Jackson For the 1960s country music artist, see Stonewall Jackson (musician); for the submarine, see USS Stonewall Jackson (SSBN-634). ... James Longstreet James Longstreet (January 8, 1821 – January 2, 1904) was one of the foremost Confederate generals of the American Civil War, and later enjoyed a successful post-war career working for the government of his former enemies, as a diplomat and administrator. ...

On the morning of September 1, Pope ordered Edwin V. Sumner to send a brigade north to reconnoiter; the army's cavalry was too exhausted for the mission. But at the same time, he continued his movement in the direction of Washington, sending McDowell's corps to Germantown, where it could protect an important intersection the army needed for the retreat. And he sent two brigades of Major General Jesse Reno's IX Corps, under the command of Brigadier General Isaac Stevens, to block Jackson. Brig. Gen. Philip Kearny's division followed later that afternoon. September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ... Edwin Vose Bull Head Sumner (January 30, 1797 – March 21, 1863) was a U.S. Army officer who became a Major General and the oldest field commander of any Army Corps on either side during the American Civil War. ... Germantown, Virginia is the resting place of John Jacob Richter (also spelled Rector). ... Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. ... IX Corps (Ninth Corps) was a corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War that distinguished itself in combat in multiple theaters: the Carolinas, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi. ... A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. ... Isaac Ingalls Stevens (March 25, 1818 - September 1, 1862) was the first governor of Washington Territory, and served as a brigadier general in the Union Army during the Civil War until his death at the Battle of Chantilly. ... Philip Kearny (June 2, 1815–September 1, 1862) was a United States Army officer, notably in the Mexican and Civil wars. ...

Jackson resumed his march to the south, but his troops were tired and hungry and made poor progress as the rain continued. They marched only 3 miles and occupied Ox Hill, southeast of Chantilly Plantation, where they encountered Stevens's two brigades about 3 p.m. The Confederates attacked several times during a fierce thunderstorm: on the right flank, A.P. Hill against Stevens; on the left, Richard S. Ewell against Kearny. Despite having numerical superiority over the Union defenders, the attacks were repulsed until they petered out by 6:30 p.m. Kearny, one the Union's most aggressive and respected generals, mistakenly rode into the Confederate lines during the battle and was killed. Stevens was also killed on his front, while bravely waving the colors to rally his men. That night, Longstreet arrived to relieve Jackson's troops. The Union army withdrew to Germantown and Fairfax Court House. Chantilly is an unincorporated area located in Fairfax County, Virginia. ... A roll cloud associated with a heavy or severe thunderstorm over Enschede, The Netherlands. ... Ambrose Powell Hill (November 9, 1825 _ April 2, 1865), was a Confederate States of America general in the American Civil War. ... Richard Stoddert Ewell (February 8, 1817 - January 25, 1872) was a Confederate military officer during the American Civil War. ...

The fighting was tactically inconclusive, but Jackson's turning movement was foiled and he was unable to block the Union retreat or destroy Pope's army. Two key Union generals were killed. Pope, recognizing the attack as an indication of continued danger to his army, continued his retreat to the fortifications around Washington, D.C.. Lee began the Maryland Campaign, including the Battle of Antietam, after Pope retreated out of Virginia. The Army of the Potomac, under Major General George B. McClellan, absorbed the forces of Pope's Army of Virginia, which was disbanded as a separate army. Washington, D.C. is the capital city of the United States of America. ... Confederate dead at Antietam The Maryland Campaign, or the Antietam Campaign, was a series of battles fought in September, 1862—Robert E. Lees first invasion of the North—during the American Civil War. ... The Battle of Antietam (known as the Battle of Sharpsburg in the South), fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, part of the Maryland Campaign, was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. ... Generals Burnside, Hancock, Couch, Ferro, Patrick, Wilcox, Cochrane, Buford and others. ... George McClellan George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 – October 29, 1885) was a Major General of the Union Army during the American Civil War. ... The Army of Virginia was organized as a major unit of the Union Army and operated briefly and unsuccessfully in 1862 in the American Civil War. ...

Battlefield today

The site of the battle, once rural farmland, is now surrounded by suburban development in Fairfax County. The intersection of the modern thoroughfares of Route 50 (also known as Lee-Jackson Memorial Highway) and State Route 7100 (also known as Fairfax County Parkway) intersect near the location of the battle. A 4.8 acre (19,000 m²) memorial park, the Ox Hill Battlefield Park, lies adjacent to the Fairfax Town Center shopping area, and includes the site of the battle. The park is under the jurisdiction of the Fairfax County Park Authority; in January, 2005, the Authority approved a General Management Plan and Conceptual Development Plan that sets forth a detailed history and future management framework for the site. Fairfax County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... United States Highway 50 is an east-west United States highway. ... Ox Hill is a site in the Chantilly, Virginia area of Fairfax County, Virginia where the Battle of Chantilly was fought during the American Civil War. ... Seal of the Fairfax County Park Authority The Fairfax County Park Authority is a department of the Fairfax County, Virginia county government responsible for developing and maintaining the various parks, historical sites, and recreational areas owned or administered by Fairfax County. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• National Park Service battle description
• Esposito, Vincent J., West Point Atlas of American Wars, Frederick A. Praeger, 1959.

Further reading

• Taylor, Paul, He Hath Loosed the Fateful Lightning: The Battle of Ox Hill (Chantilly), September 1, 1862, Shippensburg, Pa.: White Mane Publishers, 2003.
• Welker, David, Tempest at Ox Hill: The Battle of Chantilly, Da Capo Press, 2001.

External links

• Ropes, John Codman, The Battle of Chantilly from The Army Under Pope