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Battle of Chesma
Part of the Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774
Date 5-7 July 1770 Location Çeşme Bay, Turkey Result Destruction of the Turkish fleet
Combatants
Russian Empire	Ottoman Empire
Commanders
Count Orlov	Kapudan Pasha Hüsameddin
Strength
9 ships of the line, 3 frigates, 1 bomb, 4 fireships, 4 supply ships	About 16 ships of the line, 6 frigates, 6 xebecs, 13 galleys, 32 smaller; about 1300 guns

The naval Battle of Chesma took place on 5-7 July 1770 near and in Çeşme (Chesma) Bay, in the area between Asia Minor and the island of Chios, the site of a number of past naval battles between Turkey and Venice. It was part of the Orlov Revolt of 1769, a precursor to the later Greek War of Independence (1821-29), and the first of a number of disastrous fleet battles for Turkey against Russia. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 179 days remaining. ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the village in Queensland, see 1770, Queensland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia_(bordered). ... The subject of this article was previously also known as Russia. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... For other uses, see Ottoman (disambiguation). ... Count Grigory Orlov Orlov is the name of a Russian noble family which produced several distinguished statesmen, diplomatists and soldiers. ... The Russo–Turkish War of 1768–1774 was a decisive conflict that brought Southern Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, and Crimea within the orbit of the Russian Empire. ... The Orlov Revolt (1770) was a precursor to the Greek War of Independence (1821), which saw a Greek uprising in the Peloponnese at the instigation of Count Orlov, commander of the Russian Naval Forces of the Russo-Turkish War. ... The Battle of Larga was fought between 80,000 Crimean Tatars and Turkish janissaries and 38,000 Russians under Field-Marshal Rumyantsev on the banks of the Larga River (a tributary of the Pruth) for eight hours on 7 July 1770. ... Combatants Russian Empire Ottoman Empire Khanate of Crimea Commanders Pyotr Rumyantsev Strength 17,000 100,000 cavalry, 15,000 infantry, 100,000 Crimean Tatar cavalry Casualties 1000 killed and wounded 20,000 killed and wounded, 363 guns, all major fortresses overrun The Battle of Kagul was the most important land... The French battleship Orient burns, 1 August 1798, during the Battle of the Nile A naval battle is a battle fought using ships or other waterborne vessels. ... July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 179 days remaining. ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the village in Queensland, see 1770, Queensland. ... ÇeÅŸme is a small village on the west coast of Turkey. ... Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to... Chios (Greek: , alternative transliterations Khios and Hios, see also List of traditional Greek place names; Ottoman Turkish: صاقيز Sakız; Genoese: Scio) is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea five miles off the Turkish coasts. ... For other uses, see Venice (disambiguation). ... The Orlov Revolt (1770) was a precursor to the Greek War of Independence (1821), which saw a Greek uprising in the Peloponnese at the instigation of Count Orlov, commander of the Russian Naval Forces of the Russo-Turkish War. ... 1769 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants Greek revolutionaries United Kingdom France Russian Empire  Ottoman Empire Egyptian Khedivate Commanders Theodoros Kolokotronis Alexander Ypsilanti Georgios Karaiskakis Omer Vryonis Mahmud Dramali Pasha ReÅŸid Mehmed Pasha Ibrahim Pasha. ...

The Russo-Turkish War had begun in 1768, and Russia sent several squadrons from the Baltic Sea to the Mediterranean Sea to draw Turkish attention away from their Black Sea fleet, then only 6 battleships (ships of the line) strong. Two Russian squadrons, commanded by Admiral Grigory Spiridov and Rear Admiral John Elphinstone,^[1] a British advisor, combined under the overall command of Count Alexey Orlov, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Fleet and went to look for the Turkish fleet. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. ... Composite satellite image of the Mediterranean Sea. ... For other uses, see Black Sea (disambiguation). ... Ships of the line were 1st, 2nd, or 3rd-rated ships in the rating system of the Royal Navy. ... For other uses, see Admiral (disambiguation). ... Grigory Andreyevich Spiridov (Григорий Андреевич Спиридов in Russian) (1713 - April 8(19), 1790, Moscow) was a leading Russian naval commander and admiral (1769). ... The term Rear Admiral originated from the days of Naval Sailing Squadrons, and can trace its origins to the British Royal Navy. ... Count Grigory Orlov Orlov is the name of a Russian noble family which produced several distinguished statesmen, diplomatists and soldiers. ...

On 5 July 1770 they came across it anchored in line just north of Çeşme Bay, western Turkey. Details of the Turkish fleet are uncertain but it included 14-16 ships of the line including Real Mustafa of 84 guns, Rodos of 60 guns and a 100-gun flagship. In addition there were perhaps 6 frigates, 6 xebecs, 13 galleys and 32 small craft, with about 1300 guns in total. 10 of the ships of the line, of 70-100 guns, were in the Turkish main line with a further 6 or so ships of the line in the 2nd, arranged so that they could fire through the gaps in the first line. Behind that were the frigates, xebecs etc. The fleet was commanded by Kapudan Pasha Hüsameddin, in the 4th ship from the front (north end) of the line, with Hasan Pasha in the first ship, Real Mustafa, and Cafer Bey in the 7th. Two further ships of the line, probably small, had left this fleet for Mytilene the previous evening. is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the village in Queensland, see 1770, Queensland. ... For the bird, see Frigatebird. ... XEBEC is a subsidiary of the anime studio Production I.G. that specialises in the production of television anime. ... A French galley and Dutch men-of-war off a port by Abraham Willaerts, painted 17th century. ... Mytilene (Greek: Μυτιλήνη - Mytilíni, Turkish: Midilli), also Mytilini, is the capital city of Lesbos (formerly known as Lesbos but the modern name is Mytilene), a Greek island in the Aegean Sea, and the Lesbos Prefecture as well. ...

After organizing a plan of attack, the Russian battle line (see Table 1) sailed towards the south end of the Turkish line and then turned north, coming alongside the Turks, with the tail end coming into action last (Elphinston had wanted to approach the northern end first, then follow the wind along the Turkish line, attacking their ships one by one - the method used by Nelson at the Battle of the Nile in 1798). The Turks opened fire at about 11.45am, followed by the Russians slightly later. Three of the Russian ships of the line had trouble staying in position; Evropa turned around and came back behind Rostislav, Trech Svyatitelai circled the 2nd Turkish vessel before coming back into the Russian line, being attacked in error by Trech Ierarchov as she did so, and Sv. Ianuarii turned around before coming back into the line. Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, KB (29 September 1758 – 21 October 1805) was a British admiral famous for his participation in the Napoleonic Wars, most notably in the Battle of Trafalgar, a decisive British victory in the war, where he lost his life. ... Combatants Britain France Commanders Horatio Nelson François-Paul Brueys DAigalliers† Strength 14 ships of the line: * 13 x 74-gun, * 1 x 50-gun, 1 sloop 13 ships of the line: * 1 x 120-gun, * 3 x 80-gun, * 9 x 74gun, 4 frigates, some smaller Casualties 218...

Battle of Chesma, by Ivan Aivazovsky

Spiridov, in Sv. Evstafii, had a close-range battle with Hasan Pasha in Real Mustafa, before the latter was suddenly seen to be on fire. Her mainmast came down and landed on Sv. Evstafiis deck, causing the Russian ship to immediately blow up. Shortly later Real Mustafa blew up as well. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (592x704, 103 KB)Ivan Aivazovsky. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (592x704, 103 KB)Ivan Aivazovsky. ... Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (Russian: , Armenian: - Hovhannes Aivazovsky July 29, 1817 - May 5, 1900) was a Russian painter of Armenian descent, most famous for his seascapes, which constitute more than half of his paintings. ...

According to Elphinston, who claimed the Russians were almost useless, Spiridov and Count Feodor Orlov (brother of the commander), had left Sv. Evstafii before the fighting became close-range. Spiridov ended up on Trech Svyatitelai. Sv. Evstafii's captain, Kruse, survived too. At about 2pm the fighting ended, as the Turks cut their cables and moved south into the bay, forming themselves into a defensive line of 8 ships of the line, a 2nd line, and the rest beyond. For other uses, see Orlov (disambiguation). ...

During 6 July the Russians bombarded the Turkish ships and land positions and at about 12:30am on the morning of 7 July Orlov sent Samuel Greig (who transferred to Rostislav) to attack with Evropa, Rostislav and Ne tron menya forming a south-north line facing the Turks, and with Saratov in reserve, Nadezhda attacking the batteries at the eastern side of the bay entrance, Afrika attacking the batteries on the western side, and Grom near Afrika. At about 1:30 am or earlier (note: times were about 90 minutes earlier according to Elphinston), fire from Grom and/or Ne tron menya caused 1 Turkish ship of the line to blow up after her main topsail caught fire, and the fire quickly spread to other ships of the line. By 2am 2 Turkish ships of the line had blown up and more were on fire, and Greig sent in 3 fireships (the 4th, seeing the danger, stayed out), which contributed in a small way to the burning of almost the entire Turkish fleet. At about 4am boats were sent in to save 2 ships of the line which were not burning, but 1 of these caught fire while it was being towed. The other, Rodos 60, survived and was captured along with 5 galleys (or galliots?). Fighting ended at about 8am. Russian casualties on the 5 July were 14 killed, plus 636 killed in Sv. Evstafii, and about 30 wounded, and on the 7 July 11 killed. Turkish casualties were much higher. Hüsameddin, Hasan Pasha and Cafer Bey survived. Hüsameddin was removed from his position and it was given to Cafer Bey. This was the only significant fleet battle during the Russo-Turkish War. is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Samuil Karlovich Greig. ... is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Significance

Chesma Column

The battle of Chesma was fought on the same day as the land Battle of Larga. It was the greatest naval defeat suffered by Turkey since the Battle of Lepanto (1571). This battle inspired great confidence in the Russian fleet and allowed the Russians to control the Aegean Sea for some time. The defeat of the Turkish fleet also sped up rebellions by minority groups in the Ottoman Empire, especially the Orthodox Christian nations in the Balkan peninsula, who helped the Russian army in defeating Turkey.^[2] Image File history File links Чесменская_колонна.jpg‎ |} File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): 1774 Battle of Chesma Baltic Fleet Chesme Column ... Image File history File links Чесменская_колонна.jpg‎ |} File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): 1774 Battle of Chesma Baltic Fleet Chesme Column ... Chesme Column in Tsarskoe Selo. ... The Battle of Larga was fought between 80,000 Crimean Tatars and Turkish janissaries and 38,000 Russians under Field-Marshal Rumyantsev on the banks of the Larga River (a tributary of the Pruth) for eight hours on 7 July 1770. ... // Combatants Holy League: Spain  Republic of Venice Papal States Republic of Genoa Duchy of Savoy Knights of Malta Ottoman Empire Commanders Don John of Austria Ali Pasha † Strength 206 galleys, 6 galleasses 230 galleys, 56 galliots Casualties 8,000 dead or wounded, 12 galleys lost 20,000 dead or wounded...

Catherine the Great commissioned four monuments to commemorate the victory: Chesma Palace and Church of Saint John at Chesme Palace in St Petersburg (1774-77), Chesma Obelisk in Gatchina (1775), and Chesma Column in Tsarskoe Selo (1778). Catherine II (Екатерина II Алексеевна: Yekaterína II Alekséyevna, April 21, 1729 - November 6, 1796), born Sophie Augusta Fredericka, known as Catherine the Great, reigned as empress of Russia from... The Church of Saint John at Chesme Palace (or Chesme Church) is a small Russian Orthodox church completed by architect Yury Velten in 1780 at the direction of Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... Gatchina is the city of 84900 inhabitants in the Leningrad oblast of the Russian Federation, 45 km south of St Petersburg by the road leading to Pskov. ... Chesme Column in Tsarskoe Selo. ... Tsarskoye Selo (Царское Село in Russian, may be translated as “Tsar’s Village”), a former residence of the royal families and visiting nobility 24 km south of St. ...

See also

• Action of 27 May 1770
• Action of 6 November 1772
• Action of 4 July 1773
• Action of 3 September 1773
• Action of 20 June 1774

This indecisive battle took place on 27 and 28 May 1770 at the entrance to the Gulf of Nauplia, Greece, when a Russian fleet under Elphinston fought a larger Turkish fleet. ... This battle took place on 6, 7 and 8 November 1772 in the entrance to the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, when a Russian fleet under Konyaev defeated a Turkish force of frigates and xebecs, destroying all 9 frigates and 10 out of 16 xebecs and losing no ships. ... The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject. ... The Action of 3 September 1773 was a naval battle between Russia and the Ottoman Empire which took place on 3 September 1773. ... These battles took place on 20 June and 9 July (Old Style) 1774 south of Kerch, Ukraine. ...

Notes

References

• Naval wars in the Levant 1559-1853 - R. C. Anderson ISBN 1-57898-538-2