Combatants Roman Republic Carthage Commanders Publius Cornelius Scipio†, Titus Sempronius Longus Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Gaius Flaminius†, Fabius Maximus, Claudius Marcellus†, Lucius Aemilius Paullus†, Gaius Terentius Varro, Marcus Livius Salinator, Gaius Claudius Nero, Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus†, Masinissa Hannibal Barca, Hasdrubal Barca†, Mago Barca†, Hasdrubal Gisco, Maharbal, Syphax, Hanno the... Carthaginian settlements in the western Mediterranean in the early 3rd century BC. The term Carthage can refer either to an ancient city in North Africa, located on the eastern side of Lake Tunis across from the center of modern Tunis in Tunisia, or to the civilization within the citys... See also Roman Republic (18th century) and Roman Republic (19th century). ... Combatants Roman Republic Carthage Commanders Publius Cornelius Scipio†, Titus Sempronius Longus Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Gaius Flaminius†, Fabius Maximus, Claudius Marcellus†, Lucius Aemilius Paullus†, Gaius Terentius Varro, Marcus Livius Salinator, Gaius Claudius Nero, Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus†, Masinissa Hannibal Barca, Hasdrubal Barca†, Mago Barca†, Hasdrubal Gisco, Maharbal, Syphax, Hanno the... The Battle of Ticinus (also Tichino or Techino) a battle of the Second Punic War fought between the Carthaginian forces of Hannibal and the Romans under Publius Cornelius Scipio in November 218 BC. It was the first battle to take place on Italian soil. ... Combatants Carthage Roman Republic Commanders Hannibal Titus Sempronius Longus Strength 26,000 45,000 Casualties Unknown, but low 20,000 The Battle of the Trebia (or Trebbia) was the first major battle of the Second Punic War, fought between the Carthaginian forces of Hannibal and the Roman Republic in 218... Combatants Carthage Roman Republic Commanders Hannibal Gaius Flaminius † Strength 30,000 soldiers 30,000-40,000 soldiers Casualties 1,500 soliders about 15,000 The Battle of Lake Trasimene (June 24, 217 BC, April on the Julian calendar) was a Roman defeat in the Second Punic War between the Carthaginians... For the eleventh century battle in the Norman conquest of the Mezzogiorno, see Battle of Cannae (1018) Combatants Carthage Roman Republic Commanders Hannibal Lucius Aemilius Paullus†, Gaius Terentius Varro Strength 40,000 heavy infantry, 6,000 light infantry, 8,000 cavalry 86,400–87,000 men (sixteen Roman and Allied... The First Battle of Nola was fought in 216 BC between the forces of Hannibal and a Roman force led by Marcus Claudius Marcellus. ... The Second Battle of Nola was fought in 215 BC between Hannibals army and a Roman Army under Marcus Claudius Marcellus. ... The Third Battle of Nola was fought in 214 BC between Hannibal and Roman army led by Marcus Claudius Marcellus. ... The First Battle of Capua was fought in 212 BC between Hannibal and a Roman army. ... The Battle of the Silarus was fought in 212 BC between Hannibals army and a Roman force led by Praetor M. Centenius Penula. ... The first Battle of Herdonia was fought in 212 BC between Hannibals Carthaginian army and Roman forces led by Praetor Gnaeus Fulvius. ... Combatants Carthage Roman Republic Commanders Hasdrubal Barca Publius Cornelius Scipio† Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus† Strength 35,000 foot, 3,000 Numidians, 7,500 Spanish tribals 30,000 foot, 3,000 Horse + 20,000 Celt-Iberian mercenaries Casualties unknown- approximately 22,000 // Introduction The Battle of the Upper Baetis was fought... The Second Battle of Capua was fought in 211 BC when the Romans besieged Capua. ... The Second Battle of Herdonia of the Second Punic War, was fought in 210 BC between Hannibals army and the Roman forces of Fulvius Centumalus. ... The Battle of Numistro was fought in 210 BC between Hannibals army and a Roman army led by Marcus Claudius Marcellus. ... The Battle of Asculum was fought in 209 BC between Hannibals Carthaginian army, and a Roman force. ... The Battle of Baecula was Scipio Africanus’s first major field battle after he had taken command of Roman interests in Spain during the Second Punic War, in which he routed the Carthaginian army under the command of Hasdrubal Barca. ... The Battle of Grumentum was fought in 207 BC between Romans led by Gaius Claudius Nero, and Hannibals Carthaginian army. ... The Battle of the Metaurus was a pivotal battle in the ancient conflict between Rome and Carthage, fought in 207 BC near the Metaurus River in Italy. ... The Battle of Ilipa was a battle of the Second Punic War. ... The Battle of Crotona was fought in 204 BC between Hannibals Carthaginian army, and a Roman force led by Sempronius. ... The Battle of Bagbrades (also known as Campi Magni, Great Plains) was fought in 203 BC between a combined Carthaginian and Numidian force, and the Roman army of Scipio Africanus. ... Combatants Carthage Roman Republic East Numidia Commanders Hannibal Scipio Africanus Masinissa Strength almost 58,000 infantry 6,000 cavalry 80 war elephants 34,000 Roman infantry 3,000 Roman cavalry 6,000 Numidian cavalry Casualties 31,000 killed and wounded 15,000 captured 1,500 killed 4,000 wounded The... The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and the Phoenician city of Carthage. ... The First Punic War (264 to 241 BC) was the first of three major wars fought between Carthage and the Roman Republic. ... The Mercenary War was a uprising of mercenaries in the employ of Carthage in the 3rd century BC. The revolt was a consequence of delays in payment following the defeat of Carthage in the First Punic War. ... Combatants Roman Republic Carthage Commanders Publius Cornelius Scipio†, Titus Sempronius Longus Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Gaius Flaminius†, Fabius Maximus, Claudius Marcellus†, Lucius Aemilius Paullus†, Gaius Terentius Varro, Marcus Livius Salinator, Gaius Claudius Nero, Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus†, Masinissa Hannibal Barca, Hasdrubal Barca†, Mago Barca†, Hasdrubal Gisco, Maharbal, Syphax, Hanno the... The Third Punic War was fought between Carthage and the Rome from 149 BC to 146 BC. It was the third of three major wars fought between the former Phoenician colony of Carthage, and the Roman Republic. ...

Introduction

The Battle of Cissa is part of the Second Punic War. It was fought in the fall of 218 BC south of the Greek town of Tarraco in north-eastern Spain. A Roman army under Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus defeated an outnumbered Carthaginian army under Hanno, thus gaining control of the territory north of the Ebro River won by Carthage in the summer of 218 BC. Combatants Roman Republic Carthage Commanders Publius Cornelius Scipio†, Titus Sempronius Longus Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Gaius Flaminius†, Fabius Maximus, Claudius Marcellus†, Lucius Aemilius Paullus†, Gaius Terentius Varro, Marcus Livius Salinator, Gaius Claudius Nero, Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus†, Masinissa Hannibal Barca, Hasdrubal Barca†, Mago Barca†, Hasdrubal Gisco, Maharbal, Syphax, Hanno the... Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus (d. ... This article is about the Spanish river. ...

Strategic Situation

After the successful conclusion of the Siege of Saguntum, Hannibal Barca had rested his army, then in the summer of 218 BC had started out for Italy with either 90,000 foot and 12,000 cavalry (as per Polybius), or with 46,000 foot and 11,000 horse (Dellbruck, Hans, Warefare in Antiquity). He had spent the summer conquering the area north of the Ebro River. After subduing the Spanish tribes but leaving the Greek cities unmolested, Hannibal crossed over into Gaul. Hannibal Barca Hannibal Barca (247 BC – 182 BC) was a military commander of ancient Carthage, best known for his achievements in the Second Punic War in marching an army from Spain over the Pyrenees and the Alps into northern Italy and defeating the Romans at the Battles of the river... This article is about the Spanish river. ...

Meanwhile, Rome had prepared 2 consular armies were for the invasion of of Spain and Africa respectively. One army, led by the consul Publius Cornelius Scipio, was to invade Spain with 22,000 soldiers and 60 Quinqueremes. The other army, under Titus Sempronius Longus, would sail to Africa escorted by 170 ships. Publius Cornelius Scipio (died 211 BC) was a general and statesman of the Roman Republic. ... Titus Sempronius Longus (Born c. ...

While Hannibal was marching through Gaul, Scipio had landed with his army in the allied Greek city of Massilia. He then sent a cavalry patrol north following the Rhone River , which clashed with a similar force of Numidian light cavalry and had driven them off. Learning the Hannibal was at least 3 days march away, Scipio decided to send his forces to Spain, while he himself returned to Italy to organize the defences. Marseilles redirects here. ... Length 800 km Elevation of the source 1753 m Average discharge 1800 m³/ s Area watershed 100,200 km² Origin Rhône glacier Mouth Mediterranean Sea Basin countries Switzerland, France The River Rhône ( Latin Rhodanus, French Rhône, Occitan Rose, German Rotten) is one of the major rivers (ca. ...

Prelude

Hasdrubal Barca, younger brother of Hannibal, had 12,650 infantry, 2,550 cavalry and 21 elephants to guard the Carthaginian possessions south of the Ebro. Hannibal had left a certain Hanno with 10,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry to garrison the newly conquered territory north of the Ebro. This Hanno has been identified by various authors as Hannibal’s nephew (son of Hasdrubal the Fair), a brother or no Barcid relation. Hasdrubal Barca (d. ... Hasdrubal the Fair (d. ...

Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus, with 20,000 infantry (2 Roman and 2 allied legions) 2,200 cavalry and 60 quinqueremes had sailed from Massilia and landed at Emporiae in Spain. The Greek cities of Emporiae and Tarraco welcomed the Romans, and Gnaeus began to win over the Spanish tribes. Hasdrubal Barca, after being warned, marched north with an army of 8,000 foot and 1,000 horse to join Hanno (Livy xxi, p23, 60). A quinquireme was a galley, a warship propelled by oars, developed from the earlier trireme. ... Marseilles redirects here. ...

The Battle

Hanno was completely surprised by the arrival of the Romans. Seeing the the grip of the Carthaginians on the newly conquered Spanish tribes was loosening because of the activities of Scipio, he decided to offer battle. Hanno marched and attacked the Romans just south of Tarraco, near a place called Cissa or Kissa. There were no brilliant manuvers of ambushes, the armies formed up and faced off. Being outnumbered two to one, Hanno was easily defeated, loosing 6,000 troops in battle. Furthermore, the Romans managed to capture the Carthaginian camp, along with 2,000 more troops and Hanno himself. The camp contained all the baggage left by Hannibal (Polybius iii p33, 76). The prisoners also included Indibilis, an influential Spanish chieftain who would cause severe trouble for the Romans later. The Romans also stormed the town of Cissa, which however did not contain any valuable booty (Livy xxi 60)

Aftermath & Importance

Gnaeus became master of Spain north of the Ebro. Hasdrubal, arriving too late to aid Hanno and not being strong enough to attack the Romans, crossed the river and sent a flying column of light cavalry and infantry on a raid. This force caught some Roman sailors foraging and inflicted such casualties that the effectiveness of the fleet was reduced from 60 to 35 ships. The Roman fleet however, raided the Carthaginian possessions in Spain. Roman prestige was established in Spain, while the Carthaginian one had suffered a blow.

If Hanno somehow had won the battle, it might have been possible for Hannibal to get reinforcements from Barcid Spain as early as 217 BC. This battle brought the same results for Scipio in Spain as the Battle of Trebia had for Hannibal in Italy: secureing a base of operation, winning over some of the native tribes as a source of provisions and recruits. Unlike Hannibal, Scipio did not immediately launch a major campaign on enemy territory. Nor would he cut lose from his base like Hannibal did. Scipio took time to consolidate his holdings, subjugate or befriend Spanish tribes and raid Carthaginian territory. These activities laid the foundation for the future Roman operations in Spain. Also, The overland communication between Hannibal and the Carthaginian possessions was also cut by the victory of Scipio. Battle of the Trebia Conflict Second Punic War Date 18 December 218 BC Place Trebbia river, Italy Result Carthaginian victory The Battle of the Trebia (or Trebbia) was a battle of the Second Punic War fought between the Carthaginian forces of Hannibal and the Romans in 218 BC. Hannibals...

References

1. Bagnall, Nigel, The Punic Wars 1990, ISBN 0312342144

2. Cottrell, Leonard Hannibal: Enemy of Rome, 1992 Da Capo Press, ISBN 0306804980

3. Lazanby, John Francis, Hannibal's War, 1978