| Crook-Averell Raid on the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad | | Cloyd's Mountain – Cove Mountain | The Battle of Cloyd's Mountain was a Union victory in western Virginia in 1864 that allowed the Union forces to destroy the last railroad connected from Tennessee to Virginia. Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...
is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...
Pulaski County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ...
This article is about the U.S. state. ...
Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial) Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia (May 29, 1861–April 2, 1865) Danville, Virginia (from April 3, 1865) Language(s) English (de facto) Religion...
Portrait of George Crook George Crook (September 8, 1828 – March 21, 1890) was a career U.S. Army officer, most noted for his distinguished service during the American Civil War and the Indian Wars. ...
Albert Gallatin Jenkins (November 10, 1830 – May 21, 1864) was an attorney, planter, representative to the United States Congress and First Confederate Congress, and a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War. ...
The Battle of Cove Mountain was a minor skirmish of the American Civil War. ...
The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ...
This article is about the U.S. state. ...
1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Nashville Largest city Memphis Largest metro area Nashville Area Ranked 36th - Total 42,169 sq mi (109,247 km²) - Width 120 miles (195 km) - Length 440 miles (710 km) - % water 2. ...
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Background
The distinctly bearded Brigadier General George Crook commanded the Union Army of West Virginia, made up of three brigades from the Division of the Kanawha. When Ulysses S. Grant launched his spring offensive of 1864, two Union armies marched towards Richmond and a third moved into the Shenandoah Valley. Crook's troops were also involved in the offensive and began to march through the Appalachian Mountains into southwest Virginia. His objective was to destroy the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad, working in conjunction with William W. Averell's offensive, which had similar objectives. General Albert G. Jenkins, also a notably bearded officer, was in command of a few scattered Confederate units protecting the rail lines. Jenkins had only assumed command a day before Crook's army began to approach the railroad. A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. ...
Portrait of George Crook George Crook (September 8, 1828 – March 21, 1890) was a career U.S. Army officer, most noted for his distinguished service during the American Civil War and the Indian Wars. ...
The Army of West Virginia was a minor force during the Civil War that served the Union in southwestern Virginia and the Shenandoah Valley. ...
Ulysses S. Grant,[2] born Hiram Ulysses Grant (April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885), was an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869–1877). ...
1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...
Nickname: Motto: Sic Itur Ad Astra (Thus do we reach the stars) Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Government - Mayor L. Douglas Wilder (I) Area - City 62. ...
Canoeing on the Shenandoah River near Winchester, VA. The Shenandoah Valley region of western Virginia, from Winchester to Staunton, is bounded by the Blue Ridge mountains to the East and the Allegheny mountains to the West. ...
Appalachians in North Carolina The Appalachian Mountains (French: les Appalaches) are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. ...
This article is about the U.S. state. ...
The Virginia and Tennessee Railroad was an historic railroad in the Southern United States, much of which is incorporated into the modern Norfolk Southern Corporation. ...
William Woods Averell, (November 5, 1892 - February 3, 1900) United States army officer. ...
Albert Gallatin Jenkins (November 10, 1830 – May 21, 1864) was an attorney, planter, representative to the United States Congress and First Confederate Congress, and a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War. ...
Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial) Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia (May 29, 1861–April 2, 1865) Danville, Virginia (from April 3, 1865) Language(s) English (de facto) Religion...
During the Gettysburg Campaign, Jenkins' brigade formed the cavalry screen for Richard S. Ewell's Second Corps. Jenkins led his men through the Cumberland Valley into Pennsylvania and seized Chambersburg, burning down nearby railroad structures and bridges. He accompanied Ewell's column to Carlisle, briefly skirmishing with Union militia at the Battle of Sporting Hill near Harrisburg. During the subsequent Battle of Gettysburg, Jenkins was wounded on July 2 and missed the rest of the fighting. He did not recover sufficiently to rejoin his command until autumn.
He spent the early part of 1864 raising and organizing a large cavalry force for service in western Virginia. By May, Jenkins had been appointed Commander of the Department of Western Virginia with his headquarters at Dublin.
The Forces
Union -
- 2nd Brigade — Colonel Carr B. White
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- 3rd Brigade — Colonel Horatio G. Sickel
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- Artillery
- 1st Ohio Battery — Captain James R. McMullin
- 1st Kentucky Battery — Captain David W. Glassie
- Cavalry Division — Brigadier General William Woods Averell
- 1st Cavalry Brigade — Brigadier General Alfred N. Duffie
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- 2nd Cavalry Brigade — Colonel J. M. Schoonmaker
A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. ...
Portrait of George Crook George Crook (September 8, 1828 – March 21, 1890) was a career U.S. Army officer, most noted for his distinguished service during the American Civil War and the Indian Wars. ...
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Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was an American politician, lawyer, military leader and the nineteenth President of the United States (1877–1881). ...
23rd Ohio Infantry The 23rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry (OVI) was an infantry regiment that participated in the American Civil War. ...
In the U.S. Army, Air Force and Marine Corps, a lieutenant colonel is a commissioned officer superior to a major and inferior to a colonel. ...
The 36th Ohio Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. ...
The 34th Ohio Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. ...
The 5th West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. ...
The 6th West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. ...
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12th Ohio Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. ...
The 91st Ohio Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. ...
The 9th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. ...
The 14th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. ...
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The 3rd Pennsylvania Reserve Regiment, also known as the 32nd Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment, was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. ...
Captain is a rank or title with various meanings. ...
The 4th Pennsylvania Reserve Regiment, also known as the 33rd Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment, was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. ...
The 11th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. ...
The 15th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. ...
William Woods Averell (November 5, 1832 – February 3, 1900) was a career U.S. Army officer and a cavalry general in the American Civil War. ...
The 2nd West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. ...
The 34th Ohio Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. ...
The 3rd West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. ...
The 1st West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was an cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. ...
Confederate - Confederate forces — Albert G. Jenkins (mortally wounded and captured); John McCausland
- 45th Virginia Infantry Regiment
- 60th Virginia Infantry Regiment
- 36th Virginia (Company "A" only)
- 400 dismounted 10th Kentucky Cavalry (Diamond's)(May's)
- Home Guards
Albert Gallatin Jenkins (November 10, 1830 – May 21, 1864) was an attorney, planter, representative to the United States Congress and First Confederate Congress, and a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War. ...
A Brigadier-General in the Confederate Army famous for the ransom of Hagerstown, Maryland and the razing of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. ...
Battle Jenkins decided to make a stand at Cloyd's Mountain, and set up a strong defensive position. When Crook arrived he decided against a frontal assault, concluding that the Confederate works were too strong and such an attack would decimate his army. The surrounding area was heavily forested so Crook used this as cover and swung his brigades around to the Confederate right flank.
Crook began the battle with an artillery barrage, then sent in his brigade of green West Virginians under Colonel Carr B. White. Crook's remaining two brigades under Horatio G. Sickel and future president Rutherford B. Hayes were to launch a frontal assault as soon as the West Virginians had gotten under way. Carr's brigade, in its first fight ever, advanced to within 20 yards before heavy casualties in its exposed position forced it back. Crook, moving with Hayes' Ohio brigade, had to dismount and traverse the slopes on foot because they were so steep. Still wearing his jack boots, he sank in a small stream the troops were crossing and his boots filled with water. Nearby soldiers rushed back to their general and pulled him out. For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ...
Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was an American politician, lawyer, military leader and the nineteenth President of the United States (1877–1881). ...
Hayes' brigade spearheaded the main assault around 11 a.m. The troops fought their way to the Confederate works and severe hand-to-hand fighting ensued. Sparks from the musket fire ignited the thick blanket of leaves on the ground and many men from Sickel's and Hayes' brigades were pinned down and burned alive. The two brigades began to fall back when Crook sent in two fresh regiments into Hayes' front. The West Virginians finally advanced against the cannon that had plagued them throughout the battle and overran its crew. Now the Ohio troops began to overwhelm the Confederate center. Jenkins tried desperately to shift troops to the threatened areas, but fell mortally wounded and was captured by Union soldiers. His second-in-command, John McCausland, took command and conducted a rear-guard action as he withdrew his troops. A Brigadier-General in the Confederate Army famous for the ransom of Hagerstown, Maryland and the razing of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. ...
Results The Battle of Cloyd's Mountain was short and involved few troops, but contained some of the most severe and savage fighting of the war. The whole engagement lasted a little over an hour with much of that being hand-to-hand combat. Casualties were high for the modest number of troops involved. Crook lost 688 men, roughly 10% of his force. The Confederates lost fewer men—538—but that totaled 23% of their total force. The battle is considered a Union victory because Crook was able to continue on and destroy the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad at Dublin, Virginia, and Averell was also able to destroy several railroad bridges along the same line, severing one of the Confederacy's last vital lifelines and its only rail connection to East Tennessee. Virginia and Tennessee Railroad - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
Dublin is a town located in Pulaski County, Virginia. ...
Trivia For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ...
Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was an American politician, lawyer, military leader and the nineteenth President of the United States (1877–1881). ...
This article is about the 25th President of the United States; for other people named William McKinley, see William McKinley (disambiguation). ...
See also Portrait of George Crook George Crook (September 8, 1828 – March 21, 1890) was a career U.S. Army officer, most noted for his distinguished service during the American Civil War and the Indian Wars. ...
The Army of West Virginia was a minor force during the Civil War that served the Union in southwestern Virginia and the Shenandoah Valley. ...
Eastern Theater operations in 1864 The Valley Campaigns of 1864 were American Civil War operations and battles that took place in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia from May to October, 1864. ...
References - Kennedy, Frances H., editor, The Civil War Battlefield Guide: Second Edition (1998)
- National Park Service battle description
- Description of forces
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