Battle of Detroit
The Surrender of Detroit by John Wycliffe Lowes Forster.
Conflict: War of 1812
Date: July 11, 1812
Place: Detroit, Michigan
Outcome: Decisive British victory
Combatants
Britain	United States
Commanders
Isaac Brock	William Hull
Strength
100 regulars 300 militia 150 natives	2,500
Casualties
None	2,500 captured
Detroit frontier Tippecanoe – Detroit – Maguaga – Fort Dearborn – Fort Harrison – Fort Wayne – Mississinewa – Frenchtown – Fort Meigs – Fort Stephenson – Lake Erie – Thames – Longwoods

The Battle of Detroit, also known as the Battle of Fort Detroit or the Surrender of Fort Detroit, was a humiliating loss for the Americans early in the War of 1812. The battle cost the Americans an entire army and brought to a halt the planned invasion of Canada, which was an essential part of the American war strategy. Image File history File links Painting by John Wycliffe Lowes Forster? File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... John Wycliffe Lowes Forster (1850 – 1938) was a Canadian artist specializing in portraits, particularly those relating to Canadian history. ... The War of 1812 was a conflict fought on land in North America and at sea around the world between the United States and United Kingdom from 1812 to 1815. ... July 11 is the 192nd day (193rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 173 days remaining. ... 1812 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... This article refers to the largest city of Michigan. ... State nickname: Wolverine State or Great Lakes State Other U.S. States Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Governor Jennifer Granholm (D) Senators Carl Levin (D) Debbie Stabenow (D) Official languages English de-facto Area 250,941 km² (11th)  - Land 147,255 km²  - Water 103,687 km² (41. ... Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, KCB (6 October 1769 – October 13, 1812) was a British major-general and administrator, who served in various parts of the Empire for nearly thirty years, serving in the Caribbean, Denmark, and elsewhere. ... Portrait of William Hull William Hull (June 24, 1753–November 29, 1825) was an American soldier and politician. ... The Battle of Tippecanoe was a decisive victory by United States forces led by then-Governor of the Indiana Territory William Henry Harrison over the forces of Tecumsehs growing American Indian confederation. ... The Battle of Maguaga was a small battle fought between British troops, Canadian militia and Tecumsehs natives against a larger force of American troops in Maguaga, Michigan. ... The Fort Dearborn Massacre occurred on August 15, 1812 near Fort Dearborn in the United States during the War of 1812. ... In 1811, when General William Henry Harrison marched an army north to meet the Indians at the Battle of Tippecanoe, he ordered a fort built to guard the northern approaches to Vincennes, the capitol of the Indiana Territory. ... The Siege of Fort Wayne took place during the War of 1812, between American and Indian forces in the wake of the successful British campaigns of 1812. ... The Battle of the Mississinewa also known as the Battle of Mississineway was an expedition ordered by William Henry Harrison against Miami villages in response to the attacks on Fort Wayne. ... The Battle of Frenchtown also known as the River Raisin Massacre was a severe defeat for the Americans during the War of 1812, in an attempt to retake Detroit early in 1813. ... The Siege of Fort Meigs took place during the War of 1812 in northwestern Ohio. ... The Battle of Fort Stephenson was an American victory during the War of 1812. ... The Battle of Lake Erie, sometimes also referred to as the Battle of Put-in-Bay, was fought on September 10, 1813 in Lake Erie off the coast of Ohio during the War of 1812. ... The Battle of the Thames, also known as the Battle of Moraviantown, was a battle in the War of 1812 which took place on October 5, 1813. ... The Battle of Longwoods was a battle of the War of 1812 on March 4, 1814, fought near present-day Wardsville, Ontario. ... The War of 1812 was a conflict fought on land in North America and at sea around the world between the United States and United Kingdom from 1812 to 1815. ...

General Isaac Brock commanded all British forces in Upper Canada. Opposing him at Detroit was American General William Hull, an aging veteran of the American Revolutionary War. When Fort Mackinac fell to the British early in 1812, Brock's confidence was strengthened to launch a campaign against Detroit, even though his forces were far smaller than Hull's and consisted mostly of militia. Brock was able to gather some 100 regulars and 300 militia, and personally left his headquarters at York to lead the attack against Hull. General Hull, with 2,500 troops, had plans to launch a campaign against the British forces at Fort Amherstburg. Upon hearing of the loss of Fort Mackinac and Brock's bold movement towards him, Hull retreated into Fort Detroit. Some of Hull's officers disagreed with this retreat, and secretly discussed removing him from command. Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, KCB (6 October 1769 – October 13, 1812) was a British major-general and administrator, who served in various parts of the Empire for nearly thirty years, serving in the Caribbean, Denmark, and elsewhere. ... Upper Canada Village in Morrisburg, Ontario Upper Canada is an early name for the land at the upstream end of the Saint Lawrence River in early North America – the territory south of Lake Nipissing and north of the St. ... This article refers to the largest city of Michigan. ... Portrait of William Hull William Hull (June 24, 1753–November 29, 1825) was an American soldier and politician. ... The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a war fought primarily between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen North American colonies. ... Fort Mackinac painting Fort Mackinac was a military outpost garrisoned from the late 18th century to the late 19th century on Mackinac Island in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... 1812 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... A militia is a group of citizens organized to provide paramilitary service. ... This article is about the former City of York in Toronto. ... Fort Amherstburg was build at the mouth of the Detroit River to replace Fort Detroit, which Britain had to conceed to the new United States of America in 1796. ... Building and origins of Fort Detroit Fort Detroit began as a settlement on the Detroit River called Fort Ponchartrain. ...

In early August Brock arrived outside Detroit with an additional 200 indian warriors under the command of the Shawnee Chief Tecumseh. On August 15 Brock began bombarding the Americans inside the fort. In an attempt to deceive the Americans into believing there were more British than there actually were, Brock had his troops march in plain sight of the defenses then quickly march off and duck behind entrenchments. He also gave his militia uniforms of regular army soldiers to make Hull believe most of the British force were regulars. Tecumseh's warriors did likewise, and made loud warcries. Brock sent a message to Hull that included an unmistakable threat of massacre: Shawnee The Shawnee are a people native to North America. ... This 1848 drawing of Tecumseh was based on a sketch done from life in 1808. ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ...

"The force at my disposal authorizes me to require of you the immediate surrender of Fort Detroit. It is far from my intention to join in a war of extermination, but you must be aware, that the numerous body of Indians who have attached themselves to my troops, will be beyond control the moment the contest commences…"

Brock's plan worked better than he believed it would. Hull despaired of holding out against a force of seemingly thousands of naked British regulars, and, hearing the Indian warcries, began to fear an orgy. Women and children, including his own daughter and grandchild, still resided within the Fort. Against the advice of his subordinates, Hull hoisted a white flag of surrender. He sent messengers to Brock asking three days to agree on terms of surrender. Brock replied he would allow him 3 hours. Hull surrendered his entire force along with 39 cannon and 2,500 muskets. Two large detachments in the area were even surrendered.

The surrender of Hull's army was a great victory for the British, since it completely thwarted the U.S. strategy of invading the Canadian provinces. The British gained an important post on American territory and won control over Michigan and the Detroit region for most of the war. The Americans would not regain the upper hand on this front until the U.S. victory at the Battle of Lake Erie and the successful invasion of Canada launched by Hull's successor, General William Henry Harrison. State nickname: Wolverine State or Great Lakes State Other U.S. States Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Governor Jennifer Granholm (D) Senators Carl Levin (D) Debbie Stabenow (D) Official languages English de-facto Area 250,941 km² (11th)  - Land 147,255 km²  - Water 103,687 km² (41. ... The Battle of Lake Erie, sometimes also referred to as the Battle of Put-in-Bay, was fought on September 10, 1813 in Lake Erie off the coast of Ohio during the War of 1812. ... William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 – April 4, 1841) was an American military leader, politician, and the ninth President of the United States. ...

Brock emerged as a hero and Tecumseh's influence was strengthened. Brock left Colonel Henry Procter in command at Detroit and went to repulse an American invasion at the Battle of Queenston Heights, which would claim the general's life. Tecumseh was killed at the Battle of the Thames. General Hull was court martialed and sentenced to death for his actions at Detroit; because of his service in the American Revolution, he was pardoned by President James Madison. Major-General Henry Procter (c. ... Battle of Queenston Heights Conflict War of 1812 Date October 13, 1812 Place Near Queenston, Ontario Result British victory The Battle of Queenston Heights was a battle of the War of 1812 on October 13, 1812 between the Americans led by Stephen Van Rensselaer and the British led by Isaac... The Battle of the Thames, also known as the Battle of Moraviantown, was a battle in the War of 1812 which took place on October 5, 1813. ... James Madison (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836) was the fourth (1809–1817) President of the United States. ...