Battle of Fallen Timbers
Part of the Northwest Indian War
An 1896 depiction of the battle from Harper's Magazine
Date August 20, 1794 Location in present-day Maumee, Ohio near present-day Toledo, Ohio Result Decisive United States victory
Belligerents
United States Legion of the United States consisting of: 1st Sub-Legion: 3d Infantry Regiment 2nd Sub-Legion: U.S. 1st Infantry Regiment 3rd Sub-Legion: Captain Moses Porter's Company of Artillery of the 3rd Sub-Legion 4th Sub-Legion: U.S. 4th Infantry Regiment Kentucky Volunteers	Blue Jacket's confederacy Delaware Shawnee Mingo Wyandot Miami Ottawa Ojibwa Potawatomi Canadian volunteers
Commanders
Anthony Wayne	Blue Jacket Buckongahelas
Strength
3,000	1,500
Casualties and losses
33 killed 100 wounded	19 killed

The Battle of Fallen Timbers (August 20, 1794) was the final battle of the Northwest Indian War, a struggle between American Indians and the United States for control of the Northwest Territory (an area bounded on the south by the Ohio River, on the west by the Mississippi River, and on the northeast by the Great Lakes). The battle, which was a decisive victory for the United States, ended major hostilities in the region until "Tecumseh's War" and the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. April 8 is the 98th day of the year (99th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about 1862 . ... Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders Ulysses S. Grant, Don Carlos Buell Albert Sidney Johnston â€ , P.G.T. Beauregard Strength Army of West Tennessee (48,894), Army of the Ohio (17,918)[1] Army of Mississippi (44,699)[1] Casualties 13,047: 1,754 killed, 8... Combatants United States Western Lakes Confederacy Commanders Josiah Harmar Arthur St. ... Image File history File links Fallen_timbers. ... Harpers redirects here. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... ‎ Maumee is a city in Lucas County, Ohio, United States. ... Nickname: Location in the state of Ohio Location of Toledo within Lucas County, Ohio. ... The Legion of the United States was a reorganization and extension of the United States Army in 1791 under the command of General Mad Anthony Wayne. ... The 3rd United States Infantry Regiment is a unit of the United States Army which serves as Escort to the President or Presidential Guard. ... 1st Battalion, 1st Infantry Regiments mission is to support the United States Military Academy and to furnish the enlisted garrison for West Point and Stewart Army Subpost. ... The 1st Battalion, 4th Infantry has served in the defense of the United States for over two hundred years. ... Blue Jacket or Weyapiersenwah (c. ... Anthony Wayne (January 1, 1745 - December 15, 1796), was a United States Army general and statesman. ... Blue Jacket or Weyapiersenwah (c. ... Buckongahelas (1725?–May 1805) was a Delaware (Lenape) war leader who led his followers against the United States during the American Revolutionary War and again in the Northwest Indian War; in the latter war he helped win the most devastating military victory ever achieved by American Indians against the United... Combatants United States Western Lakes Confederacy Commanders Josiah Harmar Arthur St. ... In the fall of 1786, Benjamin Logan led a force of Federal soldiers and mounted Kentucky militia against several Shawnee towns in the Ohio Country along the Mad River, protected primarily by noncombatants while the warriors were raiding forts in Kentucky. ... Hardins Defeat was a battle in the Ohio Country on October 22, 1790, between the United States Army and two tribes of Native Americans. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... The Big Bottom Massacre occurred on (January 2, 1791). ... Combatants American Indian confederacy United States Commanders Little Turtle Blue Jacket Buckongahelas Arthur St. ... The Siege of Fort Recovery was the beginning of the end of the Confederation of Ohio Algonquians, under the control of the powerful Three Fires Confederation. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants United States Western Lakes Confederacy Commanders Josiah Harmar Arthur St. ... A Sioux in traditional dress including war bonnet, circa 1908. ... The Northwest Territory, also known as the Old Northwest and the Territory North West of the Ohio, was a governmental region within the early United States. ... View of Pittsburgh, the largest metropolitan area on the Ohio River, where the Allegheny River (left) and the Monongahela River (right) join at Point State Park to form the Ohio River Cincinnati, Ohio is a well known city along the Ohio River, historically known for its riverboats. ... For the river in Canada, see Mississippi River (Ontario). ... The Great Lakes from space The Laurentian Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ... At Vincennes in 1810, Tecumseh loses his temper when William Henry Harrison refuses to rescind the Treaty of Fort Wayne. ... Belligerents Tecumsehs confederacy United States Commanders Tenskwatawa William Henry Harrison Strength 550-700 1,000 regulars and militia Casualties and losses 50+ killed 70+ wounded 62 killed 126 wounded The Battle of Tippecanoe was fought in 1811 between United States forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison of the...

Background

The Western Lakes Confederacy—one of the strongest Native American alliances to date—had achieved major victories over the United States in 1790 and 1791, alarming the administration of President George Washington. In 1792, Washington called upon Revolutionary War veteran General "Mad Anthony" Wayne to build and command a new army. Wayne believed the previous expeditions against the Indians had failed because of the poor training and discipline, and so he began rigorous preparations. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a war fought primarily between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen of her North American colonies. ... Anthony Wayne (January 1, 1745 - December 15, 1796), was a United States Army general and statesman. ...

Wayne had plenty of time to train his new army, as peace negotiations were undertaken in the summer of 1793. The Americans sought to confirm possession of lands north of the Ohio River that they had claimed from Great Britain after victory in the American Revolutionary War. Indeed, the Americans were already moving into the Ohio territory. View of Pittsburgh, the largest metropolitan area on the Ohio River, where the Allegheny River (left) and the Monongahela River (right) join at Point State Park to form the Ohio River Cincinnati, Ohio is a well known city along the Ohio River, historically known for its riverboats. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ...

However, Shawnee war chief Blue Jacket and Delaware (Lenape) leader Buckongahelas, encouraged by their recent victories over the United States and the hope of continued British sponsorship, pressed for the Ohio River boundary line established by the Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1768; they rejected subsequent treaties that had ceded lands north of the Ohio River to the United States. A faction of Indians led by the influential Mohawk leader Joseph Brant attempted to negotiate a compromise, but Blue Jacket and his allies would accept nothing less than an Ohio River boundary, which the United States refused. The Shawnee are a people native to North America, and are therefore considered to be Native Americans. ... Blue Jacket or Weyapiersenwah (c. ... For the language, see Lenape language. ... Buckongahelas (1725?–May 1805) was a Delaware (Lenape) war leader who led his followers against the United States during the American Revolutionary War and again in the Northwest Indian War; in the latter war he helped win the most devastating military victory ever achieved by American Indians against the United... Two different treaties between Native Americans and European-Americans were signed at Fort Stanwix, which was located near present-day Rome, New York. ... This article is about the people known as Mohawk. For other uses, see Mohawk. ... Joseph Brant, painted in London by leading court painter George Romney in 1776 Thayendanegea or Joseph Brant (c. ...

Battle

Wayne's new army, the Legion of the United States, marched north from Fort Washington (Cincinnati, Ohio) in 1793, building a line of forts along the way. Wayne commanded more than 4,600 men, with some Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians serving as scouts. The Legion of the United States was a reorganization and extension of the United States Army in 1791 under the command of General Mad Anthony Wayne. ... Cincinnati redirects here. ... For other uses, see Choctaw (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Chickasaw (disambiguation). ...

Blue Jacket's army took a defensive stand along the Maumee River (in present-day Maumee, Ohio and not far from present-day Toledo, Ohio), near a number of uprooted trees ("fallen timbers") that had been leveled by a tornado or heavy storm. They reckoned that the trees would hinder the advance of the army, if they came. Nearby was Fort Miami, a British outpost from which the Indian confederacy received provisions. The Indian army, about 1,500 strong, consisted of Blue Jacket's Shawnees and Buckongahelas's Delawares, Miamis led by Little Turtle, Wyandots, Ojibwas, Ottawas, Potawatomis, Mingos, and even some Canadian militia. The Maumee River at Grand Rapids, Ohio. ... ‎ Maumee is a city in Lucas County, Ohio, United States. ... Nickname: Location in the state of Ohio Location of Toledo within Lucas County, Ohio. ... Fort Miami was a fort built on the Maumee River at the eastern edge of the present-day city of Maumee, Ohio and southwest of the present-day city of Toledo, Ohio. ... The Miami are a Native American tribe originally found in Indiana and Ohio, and now living also in Oklahoma. ... Michikinikwa (Little Turtle) (1752-July 14, 1812) was a chief of the Miami tribe in what is presently Indiana. ... The Wyandot, or Wendat, is an indigenous people of North America, originally from what is now Southern Ontario, Quebec, Canada and Southeast Michigan. ... This article is about the native North American people. ... The Ottawa (also Odawa, Odaawa, Outaouais, or Trader) are a Native American and First Nations people. ... Rain dance, Kansas, c. ... This article is about the Native American tribe. ... Main articles: History of Canada, Timeline of Canadian history Canada has been inhabited by aboriginal peoples (known in Canada as First Nations) for at least 40,000 years. ...

The battle did not last long. Not only were the Indians greatly outnumbered—many were getting provisions from the fort when the battle began—they were also outflanked by American cavalry. The Indians were quickly routed, and fell back to Fort Miami, only to find the gates closed. The British commander, not authorized to start a war with the Americans, refused to give shelter to the fleeing Indians. The American troops destroyed Indian villages and crops in the area, and then withdrew. Wayne's troops lost 33 men killed and 100 were wounded. The victorious Americans claimed to have found 30-40 enemy dead on the field. According to Alexander McKee of the British Indian Department, the Indian confederacy had 19 men killed.^[1] McKee's figure may or may not include the casualties of a group of Canadian volunteers under Captain Alexander McKillop, who fought alongside the Indians.

The defeat of the Indians led to the signing of the Treaty of Greenville in 1795, which ceded much of present-day Ohio to the United States, paving the way for the creation of that state in 1803. One veteran of Fallen Timbers who did not sign the Greenville treaty was a young Shawnee war leader named Tecumseh, who would renew Indian resistance in the years ahead. This depiction of the treaty negotiations may have been painted by one of Anthony Waynes officers. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... For other uses, see Tecumseh (disambiguation). ...

Notes

See Also

• List of conflicts in the United States
• Northwest Indian War

List of conflicts in the United States is a timeline of events that includes wars, battles, skirmishes, major terrorist attacks, and other related items that have occurred in the United Statess current geographical area, including overseas territories. ... Combatants United States Western Lakes Confederacy Commanders Josiah Harmar Arthur St. ...

References

• Sudgen, John. Blue Jacket: Warrior of the Shawnees. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2000.
• Sword, Wiley. President Washington's Indian War: The Struggle for the Old Northwest, 1790-1795. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985.
• Gaff, Allan D. Bayonets in the Wilderness: Anthony Wayne’s Legion in the Old Northwest. University of Oklahoma Press, May 2004, ISBN-10: 0806135859, ISBN-13: 978-0806135854

External links

• The Fallen Timbers battlefield today
• Maumee Valley Heritage Corridor
• Ohio History Central
• Captain Moses Porter's Company of Artillery of the 3rd Sub-Legion
• Battle of Fallen Timbers - The Toledo Metroparks