In the August 1996 battle of Grozny Chechen rebels conducted a rapid assault (code-named Operation Jihad) on the Chechnya capital Grozny ^[1], leading to the final ceasefire in the First Chechen War. Image File history File links Acap. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Chechen Republic (IPA: ; Russian: , Chechenskaya Respublika; Chechen: , Noxçiyn Respublika), or, informally, Chechnya (; Russian: ; Chechen: , Noxçiyçö), sometimes referred to as Ichkeria, Chechnia, Chechenia or Noxçiyn, is a federal subject of Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria. ... Official language Chechen Capital Grozny (Dzhokharabad, after 1996) President Doku Umarov Independence  â€“ Declared  â€“ Recognition From Russia  â€“ November 1, 1991  â€“ Georgian Republic National anthem Death or Freedom The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria IPA: (Нохчийн Республика Нохчийчоь) is the unrecognized secessionist government of Chechnya. ... Doku Zavgaev (Zavgayev) is the former Soviet leader of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. ... Aslan Maskhadov Aslan Aliyevich Maskhadov (Russian: Аслан Алиевич Масхадов) (September 21, 1951 – March 8, 2005) was a leader of the separatist movement in the southern Russian republic of Chechnya. ... Shamil Basayev in Dagestan, 1999 Shamil Salmanovich Basayev (Russian: Шамиль Салманович Басаев) (January 14, 1965 – July 10, 2006) was a Vice-President of the internationally unrecognized separatist government of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Islamist guerrilla leader, self-admitted terrorist and a national hero for many Chechens. ... The Chechen Republic (IPA: ; Russian: , Chechenskaya Respublika; Chechen: , Noxçiyn Respublika), or, informally, Chechnya (; Russian: ; Chechen: , Noxçiyçö), sometimes referred to as Ichkeria, Chechnia, Chechenia or Noxçiyn, is a federal subject of Russia. ... This article is about a city that serves as a center of government and politics. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A ceasefire is a temporary stoppage of a war or any armed conflict, where each side of the conflict agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

The Russians had occupied the capital since February 1995, and had garrisoned 10,000 Russian Ministry of the Interior (MVD) troops there. The Chechens managed to either rout or split the Grozny garrisons into several dozen small pockets of resistance, and later to beat back and decimate several Russian armored brigades that were sent to oust them from the city. [1] The battle effectively ended the war. Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... For people named Garrison, see Garrison (disambiguation) Garrison House, built by William Damm in 1675 at Dover, New Hampshire Garrison (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, to equip) is the collective term for the body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, but... The Interior Minister is a member of a Cabinet in a Government. ... Modern emblem of Russian MVD Russian Gendarme officers in the 1860s The Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del (MVD) (Министерство внутренних дел) was the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the imperial Russia, later USSR, and still bears the same name in the Russian Federation. ... In military terms, a salient is a battlefield feature that projects into enemy territory. ... In military science a brigade is a military unit that is part of a division and includes regiments (where that level exists), or (in modern armies) is composed of several battalions (typically two to four) and directly attached supporting units. ...

Background

In July 1996, the Russian leadership abandoned the peace process and decided to continue military operations. Between July 9 and July 16, 1996, Russian armed forces carried out a series of major operations in the foothills and settlements of mountainous southern Chechnya where the separatists had their bases. On July 20, 1996, federal forces launched a large-scale operation in the south of the Chechen Republic. The peace process describes efforts by interested parties to effect a lasting solution to long-running conflicts, such as in Northern Ireland (see Belfast Agreement) or the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... Planning, calculating, or the giving or receiving of information. ... is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... July 16 is the 197th day (198th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 168 days remaining. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... // Organization The Russian military is divided into the following branches: Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force. ... Foothills are geographically defined as gradual increases in hilly areas at the base of a mountain range. ... Political separatism is a movement to obtain sovereignty and split a territory or group of people (usually a people with a distinctive national consciousness) from one another (or one nation from another; a colony from the metropolis). ... A military base is a facility directly owned and operated by and/or for the military or one of its branches that shelters military equipment and personnel, and facilitates training and operations. ... July 20 is the 201st day (202nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 164 days remaining. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... The word federal in a general sense refers to the nature of an agreement between or among two or more states, nations, or other groups to merge into a union in which control of common affairs is held by a central authority created by and with the consent of the... Capital Grozny Area - total - % water 79th - 15,500 km² - negligible Population - Total - Density 49th _ est. ...

On August 6, 1996, at 5:50 AM local time, Chechen forces raided Grozny in a surprise attack. Russian forces began executing a major operation in the settlement of Alkhan-Yurt, southwest of Grozny, on the federal Rostov-Baku highway by moving 1,500 Interior Ministry troops and pro-Moscow Chechen militiamen of Doku Zavgayev out of Grozny. Ironically, these forces were moving out of the city as their opponents were entering it. is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... Rostov (Russian: Росто́в; Old Norse: Rostofa) is one of the oldest towns in Russia and an important tourist centre of the so called Golden ring. ... For other uses, see Baku (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Interior Minister is a member of a Cabinet in a Government. ... Position of Moscow in Europe Coordinates: , Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Government  - Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Area  - City 1,081 km²  (417. ... Lebanese Kataeb militia A Militia is an organization of citizens to provide defense, emergency or paramilitary service, or those engaged in such activity. ... Doku Zavgaev (Zavgayev) is the former Soviet leader of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. ...

Chechen attack (August 6)

The Chechen units attacking Grozny consisted of 1,500 to 2,000 men (initially, Russian media reported only 250 fighters had entered the city). Within a week, their numbers grew to between 6,000 and 7,000, as a result of an influx of reinforcements and volunteers, and also because some of the Zavgayev's forces changed sides. Russian federal forces consisted of some 15,000 to 20,000 men. The Russians enjoyed superiority in armored vehicles and artillery, and absolute control of airspace. ... Artillery with Gabion fortification Cannons on display at Fort Point Continental Artillery crew from the American Revolution Firing of an 18-pound gun, Louis-Philippe Crepin, (1772 – 1851) A forge-welded Iron Cannon in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. ... Airspace means the portion of the atmosphere controlled by a particular country on top of its territory and territorial waters or, more generally, any specific three-dimensional portion of the atmosphere. ...

The Chechen chief of staff, Aslan Maskhadov, employed tactics which proved highly damaging to the Russian forces. Chechen units entered Grozny and infiltrated between the checkpoints and other positions of Russian forces, before attacking their targets. The main attack in Grozny was over in three hours with a total of 47 Chechen fighters killed in action, according to the Chechen commander Tourpal Ali-Kaimov. The term Chief of Staff can refer to: The White House Chief of Staff, the highest-ranking member of the Executive Office of the President of the United States. ... Aslan Maskhadov Aslan Aliyevich Maskhadov (Russian: Аслан Алиевич Масхадов) (September 21, 1951 – March 8, 2005) was a leader of the separatist movement in the southern Russian republic of Chechnya. ... See: espionage, urban exploration, entryism, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. ... The term checkpoint may refer to: A place at which vehicles or pedestrians are stopped in order to enforce laws or security measures. ...

Rather than capturing or destroying the individual Russian checkpoints, police stations, command posts and other pockets of resistance, the Chechens simply blocked them, isolating them from each other and cutting off from escape or reinforcement, and demoralized them with a constant mortar and sniper fire. The largest pocket was the administrative complex in the city center, which included the government building, the Interior Ministry and the republican FSB headquarters; a number of Russian government journalists were also holed up inside. In other part of the city, several groups of trapped Russian troops took approximately 500 civilian hostages at the Municipal Hospital No. 9. [2] A typical suburban police station in the United States (this one is in San Bruno, California). ... Command Post is a military term referring to a field location whence the person in charge of a situation may issue orders. ... Pockets of resistance is a term made popular by the media, referring to widespread but separated resistance in Post occupied Iraq following the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the United States. ... In operant conditioning, reinforcement is an increase in the strength of a response following the presentation of a stimulus contingent on that response. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... US soldier loading a M224 60-mm mortar. ... Arkansas Army National Guard soldiers practice sniper marksmenship at their firing range near Baghdad, Iraq in 2005. ... The Interior Minister is a member of a Cabinet in a Government. ... Emblem of FSB The FSB (ФСБ) is a state security organization in Russia, and is the domestic successor organization to the KGB. Its name is an acronym from the Russian Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (Федера́льная слу́жба безопа́сности Росси́йской Федера́ции) (Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti Rossiyskoi Federatsii). ... Headquarters (HQ) denotes the location where most, if not all, of the important functions of an organization are concentrated. ... A hostage is an entity which is held by a captor in order to compel another party to act or refrain from acting in a particular way. ...

At the same time, Chechen units also attacked other major towns in the republic, namely Argun and Gudermes. While federal forces managed to hold the commander’s building in Argun, Gudermes was taken without a fight. A number of Chechens deemed to be collaborators were rounded up, detained, and executed. Reliable sources stated that the execution list for one region of Grozny comprised more than 200 names. [3] Argun may refer to Argun, Chechnya, a city in Chechnya Argun River, Caucasus Argun River, Asia an alternative spelling of Arghun, an Ilkhan (Mongol ruler of a Persia-baded empire). ... Gudermes (Russian: ) is a town in the Chechen Republic, Russia, located on the Sunzha River 36 km east of Grozny. ...

Russian counterattacks (August 7-11)

The Russian Army forces stationed at Khankala and Severny Airport initially calculated that their opponents would leave the city of their own accord after the raid, and thus did not hurry to the aid of those under siege in the Interior Ministry. The first attempts to alleviate the situation were not undertaken until the afternoon of August 7, when an armored column was sent to the aid of the besieged Russian positions. However, the day before, the Chechens had captured a large supply of RPO flamethrowers by seizing the Grozny railway station (some Chechen sources later stated it was merely a Russian propaganda claim). As a result, Russian tanks became much easier targets for the Chechen mobile units, who stopped the Russian advance quickly. In russian, word army means armed forces in general. ... It has been suggested that Standard RAID levels be merged into this article or section. ... August 7 is the 219th day of the year (220th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Rocket flamethrower produced and exported by Russia and the former Soviet Union. ... Passengers bustle around the typical grand edifice of Londons Broad Street Station in 1865. ... Soviet Propaganda Poster during the World War II. The text reads Red Army Fighter, SAVE US! Chinese propaganda poster from during the Cultural Revolution. ...

The Russians sent another column in the following day. But, like the New Year’s Eve offensive 19 months before, the Russians lost many tanks and armored personnel carriers (APCs) to Chechen ambushes. On the fifth day, 900 men of the 276th Regiment tried to take the centre of the city. In two days the Russians lost 150 dead and 300 wounded. Only on August 11, the sixth day of fighting, did a few tanks succeed in getting through to the city center, bringing supplies and evacuating some wounded. Russian state television ORT journalist Ramzan Khadzhiev was executed by federal soldiers while trying to flee the city. Combatants Russian Federation Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Commanders Pavel Grachev Ivan Babichev Vadim Orlov Lev Rokhlin Vladimir Shamanov Viktor Vorobyov â€  Aslan Maskhadov Turpal-Ali Atgeriev Shamil Basayev Ruslan Gelayev Strength 60,000 in all (est. ... East German BRDMs on parade during celebrations of the 40th anniversary of East Germany in 1989 Armoured personnel carriers (APCs) are light armoured fighting vehicles for the transport of infantry. ... is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Downtown Honolulu in Hawaii, United States, an example of an urban downtown district Central business district (CBD) and downtown are terms referring to the commercial heart of a city. ... ORT may refer to: World ORT, a Jewish education charity Channel One (Russia), a Russian TV channel, which was called ORT (an abbreviation for Obshchestvennoye Rossiskoye Televideniye) from mid-1990s until 2001 Olympiaki Radiophonio Teleorassi, a Greek TV channel Oral rehydration therapy, a treatment for dehydration Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, a species... Ramzan Khadzhiev (b. ...

Truce (August 11-14)

On August 10, retired Army's Lieutenant General Alexander Lebed was named the Russian President’s plenipotentiary to Chechnya. Convinced that military victory was impossible with the means at his disposal, he decided to enter into negotiations with the separatists. is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. ... Aleksandr Ivanovich Lebed (Алексáндр Ивáнович Лéбедь) ( April 20, 1950– April 28, 2002) was a Russian general and politician. ... The term plenipotentiary (from the Latin, plenus + potens, full + power) refers to, as a noun, a person who has, or as an adjective that confers, full powers. ...

On the night of August 11, 1996 Lebed opened negotiations with Aslan Maskhadov and compelled the Russian commander Konstantin Pulikovsky to join them. The Minister of Defense, Igor Rodionov, had been appointed with Lebed’s personal recommendation, which enabled the latter to control the military. The Interior Minister, Anatoly Kulikov, with the reputation of being a hawk, was neutralized by Lebed who accused him of abandoning Grozny. He also convinced Russian President Boris Yeltsin of the correctness of his course, in part due to the extremely difficult situation of the federal forces. is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... A defence minister ( Commonwealth English) or defense minister ( American English) is a cabinet portfolio (position) which regulates the armed forces in a sovereign nation. ... Igor Nilolaevich Rodionov (born 1936) is a Russian general andDuma deputy. ... The Interior Minister is a member of a Cabinet in a Government. ... List of Presidents of Russia Boris Yeltsin1 (July 10, 1991 – December 31, 1999) two terms. ... Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Russian: ) (February 1, 1931 – April 23, 2007[1]) was the first president of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999. ...

Ceasefire (August 14-19)

Since August 14, the Chechen forces had almost completely controlled Grozny. The Russian command declined to take back the city and concentrated on retaining their bases at Khankala and Severny airport. In the city, there remained some centers of resistance with around 2,000 servicemen still blocked in their positions. But with shortages of ammunition, medicine, food and water, they were doomed to destruction, either by enemy fire or by friendly air or artillery strikes. Argun and Gudermes were in the separatists’ hands, and the Chechen force was also increasing its activities around Urus-Martan and Vedeno. August 14 is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Friendly fire (fratricide or non-hostile fire) is a term originally adopted by the United States military in reference to an attack on friendly forces by other friendly forces,[1] which may be deliberate (e. ... Urus-Martan(Chechen: Halha-Marta) is the third town of Chechen Republic, located on the river Martan (Chechen: Marta). ... Vedeno (Russian: ) is a village in the Chechen Republic, Russia. ...

Under these circumstances, Lebed succeeded in obtaining a ceasefire in Grozny beginning August 14, and on August 17, 1996 General Pulikovsky signed an order terminating all military activity in the republic. A ceasefire is a temporary stoppage of a war or any armed conflict, where each side of the conflict agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...

Renewed fighting and the ultimatum (August 19-20)

The hawks’ last attempt to torpedo the peace process occurred on August 19. On that day, General Pulikovsky issued an ultimatum to the rebels to leave Grozny within 48 hours - in the event of non-compliance, attacks would be launched from all directions and with all available means. The threat resulted in mass panic among the civilian population, estimated by the human rights organization Memorial at between 50,000 to 70,000. August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... An ultimatum (Latin: ) is a demand whose fulfillment is requested in a specified period of time and which is backed up by a threat to be followed through in case of noncompliance. ... In psychology collective hysteria is the name given to a phenomenon of the manifestation of the same hysterical symptoms by more than one person. ... Memorial (Russian: Мемориал) is an international historical and civil rights society that operates in a number of post-USSR states with the following missions stated in its charter: To promote mature civil society and democracy based on the rule of law and thus to prevent a return to totalitarianism; To assist...

Air and artillery strikes commenced in the early hours of August 20, before the end of the deadline, condemning the remaining federal forces in the city as well as the civilians. In the chaotic scenes as "the Russian bombs and shells destroyed entire apartment blocks and at least one hospital, and hit residential suburbs with wild inaccuracy" (HRW), terrified refugees tried to save themselves from the announced threat of the carpet bombing. [4] Many of them were reported killed when their columns were hit by the artillery fire. [5] is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A tower block, block of flats or apartment block is a high_rise apartment building. ... Illustration of the backyards of a surburban neighbourhood Suburbs are inhabited districts located either on the outer rim of a city or outside the official limits of a city (the term varies from country to country), or the outer elements of a conurbation. ... The phrase carpet bombing refers to the use of large numbers of unguided gravity bombs, often with a high proportion of incendiary bombs, to attempt the complete destruction of a target region, either to destroy personnel and materiel, or as a means to demoralize the enemy (see terror bombing). ...

End to the war (August 20-30)

General Lebed, however, managed to avert further bloodshed. After returning to Chechnya on August 20, he ordered a cease fire and returned to talks with the rebel leaders. On August 30, 1996, Lebed and Maskhadov signed the Khasav-Yurt Accord, marking the end of the First Chechen War. August 30 is the 242nd day of the year (243rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... A ceasefire agreement that marked the end of the First Chechen War was signed in Khasav-Yurt on August 30, 1996 between Alexander Lebed and Aslan Maskhadov. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Aftermath

The Khasav-Yurt Accord paved the way for the signing of two further agreements between Russia and Chechnya. In mid-November 1996, Yeltsin and Maskhadov signed an agreement on economic relations and reparations to Chechens who had been "affected" by the 1994-96 war and in May 12, 1997 Maskhadov and Boris Yeltsin signed a formal treaty in Moscow "on peace and the principles of Russian-Chechen relations." [6] Reparations refers to two distinct ideas: Reparations for slavery of groups or individuals War reparations: Payments from one country to another as compensation for starting a war under a peace treaty, such as those made by Germany to France under the Treaty of Versailles. ... May 12 is the 132nd day of the year (133rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The incursion into Dagestan in the summer of 1999, however, led to a breach of these treaties and the start of the Second Chechen War. Combatants Russian Federation Daghestani militia Chechen rebels Shura of Dagestan Commanders Viktor Kazantsev Shamil Basayev Ibn al-Khattab Strength 17,000 unknown Casualties At least 279 dead and 987 wounded 2,500 dead The Dagestan War (in Russia called by the name Chechen invasion of Dagestan) began when Chechnya-based... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... Combatants Russian Federation Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Strength At least 93,000 in Chechnya in 1999 About 30,000 in Chechnya in 2007 (mostly MVD) 10,000 to 20,000 in 1999 (including private militias) 700 in Chechnya in 2007 (Russian est. ...

See also

• Battle of Grozny

There were several battles of Grozny: Battle of Grozny (October 1994) Battle of Grozny (November 1994) Battle of Grozny (1994-1995) March 1996 raid on Grozny Battle of Grozny (August 1996) Battle of Grozny (1999-2000) Category: ...

References

1. ^ "Violence erupts again in Chechnya" CNN 6 August 1996

• Hot August in Grozny by Oleg Lukin for Prague Watchdog
• The Battle(s) of Grozny
• The Recapture of Grozny
• Oliker, Olga (2001) Russia's Chechen Wars 1994-2000: Lessons from Urban Combat MR 1289, Rand, Santa Monica, CA, ISBN 0-8330-2998-3 Chapter 2: "Grozny I: 1994-1995" pp. 30-32
• Evangelista, Matthew (2002) The Chechen Wars: Will Russia Go the Way of the Soviet Union? Brookings Institution Press, Washington, D.C., ISBN 0815724985
• Youngs, Tim (2000) The Conflict in Chechnya Research Paper 00/14, 7 February 2000, International Affairs and Defence Section, House of Commons Library, London, UK