The Battle of Hartsville was fought on December 7, 1862, in central Tennessee at the opening of the Stones River Campaign the American Civil War. December 7 is the 341st day (342nd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1862 - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... State nickname: Volunteer State Other U.S. States Capital Nashville Largest city Memphis Governor Phil Bredesen Official languages English Area 109,247 km² (36th)  - Land 106,846 km²  - Water 2,400 km² (2. ... Battle of Stones River Conflict American Civil War Date December 31, 1862 – January 3, 1863 Place Murfreesboro, Tennessee Result Both sides claimed victory, but the Confederate Army withdrew The Battle of Stones River or Second Battle of Murfreesboro (in the South, simply the Battle of Murfreesboro), was fought from December... The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 until 1865 between the United States – forces coming mostly from the 23 northern states of the Union – and the newly-formed Confederate States of America, which consisted of 11 southern states that had declared their secession. ...

The Stones River Campaign started in early November 1862 when Union General William S. Rosecrans moved his Army of the Cumberland southeast from Nashville, Tennessee, toward Murfreesboro. Confederate General Braxton Bragg, commanding the Army of Tennessee, had retreated there after his defeat at the Battle of Perryville. Bragg ordered Colonel John Hunt Morgan to move north with his cavalry and operate along Rosecrans's lines of communications, to prevent him from foraging for supplies north of Nashville. The action at Hartsville, a crossing point on the Cumberland River about 40 miles upstream from Nashville, north of Murfreesboro, was an incident in Morgan's raid to the north, before Rosecrans had the bulk of his infantry forces on the move. The Union Army refers to the United States Army during the American Civil War. ... William Starke Rosecrans (September 6, 1819 - March 11, 1898), nicknamed Old Rosy, served as an American military officer. ... Union army in the west during the American Civil War, commanded at various times by Generals Robert Anderson, Don Carlos Buell, William S. Rosecrans, and George Thomas. ... Downtown Nashville at dusk, viewed from the Gateway Bridge Nashville is the capital of the U.S. state of Tennessee. ... Murfreesboro is a city located in Rutherford County, Tennessee. ... For other meanings of confederate and confederacy, see confederacy (disambiguation) National Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God our Vindicator) Official language English de facto nationwide Various European and Native American languages regionally Capital Montgomery, Alabama February 4, 1861–May 29, 1861 Richmond, Virginia May 29, 1861–April 9, 1865 Largest... General Braxton Bragg (March 22, 1817_ September 27, 1876) was a general in the Confederate army during the American Civil War. ... The Army of Tennessee was formed in November 1862. ... Battle of Perryville Conflict American Civil War Date October 8, 1862 Place Boyle County, Kentucky Result Union strategic victory The Battle of Perryville was an important but largely neglected encounter in the American Civil War. ... John Hunt Morgan (June 1, 1825 – September 4, 1864) was a dashing young Confederate general and cavalry officer in the Civil War. ...

Guarding the river crossing at Hartsville was the 39th Brigade, XIV Corps, Army of the Cumberland, consisting of the 106th Ohio Infantry, the 108th Ohio, the 104th Illinois, and the 2nd Indiana Cavalry. The brigade was commanded by Col. Absalom B. Moore. Under the cover of darkness, Morgan crossed the river in the early morning of December 7, 1862, with about 2,000 men, mainly Kentuckians, a force roughly equal to the Union brigade. Another Union force, three times that size, was encamped 9 miles away at Castalian Springs, close enough to hear the guns, but too far away to interfere. XIV Corps was a corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. ... Union army in the west during the American Civil War, commanded at various times by Generals Robert Anderson, Don Carlos Buell, William S. Rosecrans, and George Thomas. ... December 7 is the 341st day (342nd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1862 - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...

Morgan's attack took the Union camp by surprise. One account from a participant indicates that the Confederates were able to get past the picket line by wearing blue uniforms, another that they wore civilian clothes and posed as refugees. The attack began at 6:45 a.m. with a simultaneous artillery bombardment and an infantry attack, while cavalry struck the flanks and rear. One of Moore’s units ran after an hour, which caused confusion and helped to force the Federals to fall back. By 8:30 a.m., the Confederates had surrounded the Federals, convincing Col. Moore to surrender.

Morgan inflicted more than 300 Union casualties, at the cost of 125 Confederate, but also left the battlefield with 1,762 Union prisoners and a wagon train heavily loaded with captured equipment and supplies. General Joseph E. Johnston, who was in overall command of Confederate forces in the Western Theater, called this a "brilliant feat" and recommended that Morgan be appointed brigadier general immediately. Jefferson Davis happened to be in the vicinity at Murfreesboro and promoted Morgan in person when he arrived. Joseph E. Johnston Joseph Eggleston Johnston (February 3, 1807 – March 21, 1891) was a career U.S. Army officer and one of the most senior generals in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. ... A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. ... Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis (June 3, 1808–December 6, 1889) was an American soldier and politician. ...

The action at Hartsville foreshadowed the Confederate cavalry raids by Nathan Bedford Forrest into West Tennessee, December 1862 to January 1863, and by Morgan into Kentucky, December 1862 to January 1863. Rosecrans would arrive in Murfreesboro on December 29, setting the stage for the Battle of Stones River. Nathan Bedford Forrest Nathan Bedford Forrest (July 13, 1821 – October 29, 1877), perhaps the American Civil Wars most highly regarded cavalry officer and guerrilla leader, and one of the wars most innovative and successful generals, developed tactics that soldiers still study to this day. ... December 29 is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 2 days remaining. ... Battle of Stones River Conflict American Civil War Date December 31, 1862 - January 2, 1863 Place Murfreesboro, Tennessee Result Both sides claim victory, but the Confederate Army withdraws The Battle of Stones River or Second Battle of Murfreesboro, was a battle fought in the American Civil War. ...

References

• National Park Service battle description (http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/tn008.htm)
• Foote, Shelby, The Civil War, A Narrative: Fredericksburg to Meridian, Random House, 1958, ISBN 0-394-49517-9.
• U.S. War Dept., The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.