The naval Battle of Hogland took place on 17 July (July 6 OS) 1788 during the Russo-Swedish War (1788-1790). Gustav IIIs Russian War, also known as the Russo-Swedish War, was fought between Sweden and Russia from June 1788 to August 1790. ... July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 167 days remaining. ... July 6 is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 178 days remaining. ... The Julian calendar was introduced in 46 BC by Julius Caesar and took force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita). ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53 deg. ... Casus belli is a Latin expression from the international law theory of Jus ad bellum. ... Charles XIII, Karl XIII, or Carl II, (1748-1818), king of Sweden and Norway, the second son of king Adolf Frederick of Sweden, and Louisa Ulrica of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great, was born at Stockholm on October 7, 1748. ... There was another naval battle in 1676 called the Battle of Öland. ... July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 167 days remaining. ... July 6 is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 178 days remaining. ... The Julian calendar was introduced in 46 BC by Julius Caesar and took force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita). ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Gustav IIIs Russian War, also known as the Russo-Swedish War, was fought between Sweden and Russia from June 1788 to August 1790. ...

Origins

On the outbreak of war with Russia in 1788, Sweden planned to attack the Russian capital St. Petersburg. One Swedish army was to advance through Finland; a second army, accompanied by the Swedish coastal flotilla, was to advance along the Finnish coast into the Gulf of Finland; while a third army sailed with the Swedish battlefleet in order to land at Orainenbaum to advance on St. Petersburg. To succeed, the Russian fleet had to be eliminated or blockaded in its ports at Reval (now Tallinn) and Kronstadt. Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... The Baltic Sea The Gulf of Finland is an arm of the Baltic Sea that extends between Finland (to the north) and Estonia (to the south) all the way to the city of Saint Petersburg in Russia, where the river Neva drains into it. ... County Harju County Mayor Jüri Ratas Area 159. ...

In early July, the Swedish battlefleet of 15 ships of the line sailed into the Gulf of Finland. A hastily assembled Russian fleet of 17 ships of the line under Admiral Samuel Greig met the Swedish fleet off Hogland Island on July 17, 1788.

Battle

The two fleets were fairly evenly matched, but while Greig was an experienced commander, Duke Karl seems to spent much of the battle in his cabin. Duke Karl’s flagship was forced out of the line, shrouded in smoke. Greig’s flagship, the 100-gun Rostislav then attacked the 70-gun Prins Gustav, commanded by Vice-Admiral Gustav Wachtmeister, which was forced to surrender. Elsewhere, the Swedes disabled the 74-gun Vladislav, which lost its steering and was then surrounded by Swedish vessels before surrendering to the 62-gun Kronprins Gustav Adolf. The fighting continued for six hours, and the fleets only separated after dark with the Swedish ships beginning to run out of ammunition.

Aftermath

Unusually for a naval battle, both sides captured one ship. The Russians suffered the worst casualties, losing about 600 men killed compared with between 200 and 300 Swedes, but the battle was a strategic victory for the Russians because Greig had done enough to prevent the Swedish landing. The French battleship Orient burns, 1 August 1798, during the Battle of the Nile A naval battle is a battle fought using ships or other waterborne vessels. ...

The rival fleets

Sweden

Russia

Sources & References

• Anderson, R.C. Naval Wars in the Baltic, 1522-1850 (London, 1969)
• Derry, T.K. 'Scandinavia' in The New Cambridge Modern History, Volume IX (Cambridge, 1965).

External links

• From Hogland to Barezund in History of Russian Navy
• The Swedish Navy 1788-1809