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Battle of Inchon
Part of the Korean War
Four tank landing ships unload men and equipment on Red Beach one day after the amphibious landings in South Korea.
Date September 15 – September 19, 1950 Location Incheon, South Korea Result Decisive United Nations victory
Combatants
United Nations	North Korea
Commanders
Douglas MacArthur Arthur Dewey Struble Chesty Puller	Kim Il-sung Choi Yong-Kun

The Battle of Inchon (Korean spelling: Incheon) (Korean: 인천 상륙 작전 Incheon Sangryuk Jakjeon; code name: Operation Chromite) was a decisive invasion and battle during the Korean War. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Combatants United Nations:  Republic of Korea,  Australia,  Belgium,  Luxembourg,  Canada,  Colombia,  Ethiopia,  France,  Greece,  Luxembourg,  Netherlands,  New Zealand,  Philippines,  South Africa,  Thailand,  Turkey,  United Kingdom,  United States Medical staff:  Denmark,  Australia,  Italy,  Norway,  Sweden Communist states:  Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,  Peoples Republic of China,  Soviet Union Commanders... American forces land in Inchon harbor one day after Battle of Inchon began. ... The tank landing ship (LST, for Landing Ship, Tank) was created during World War II to support amphibious operations by carrying significant quantities of vehicles, cargo, and landing troops directly onto an unimproved shore. ... is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Nations. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_North_Korea. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Nations. ... This article is about the American general; for the municipality in the Philippines, see General MacArthur, Eastern Samar. ... Image File history File links US_flag_48_stars. ... Arthur Dewey Struble (28 June 1894 – 1 May 1983) was a U.S. admiral who served in World War II. Vice Admiral Struble, USN Struble was born in Portland, Oregon. ... Image File history File links US_flag_48_stars. ... Lieutenant General Lewis Chesty Burwell Puller (June 26, 1898 – October 11, 1971) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps and was the most decorated Marine in history. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_North_Korea. ... Kim Il-sung (15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994) was a North Korean Communist leader from its founding in early 1948 until his death, when he was succeeded by his son Kim Jong-il. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_North_Korea. ... Choi Yong-Kun (1900–1976-09-19 or 1903–1972) was the President of the Presidium of the Supreme Peoples Assembly of North Korea, the highest post held by a North Korean politician, from 1957 to his death in 1972. ... Combatants United Nations:  Republic of Korea,  Australia,  Belgium,  Luxembourg,  Canada,  Colombia,  Ethiopia,  France,  Greece,  Luxembourg,  Netherlands,  New Zealand,  Philippines,  South Africa,  Thailand,  Turkey,  United Kingdom,  United States Medical staff:  Denmark,  Australia,  Italy,  Norway,  Sweden Communist states:  Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,  Peoples Republic of China,  Soviet Union Commanders... Combatants Task Force Smith(US) Korean Peoples Army 4th Division and 107th Tank Regiment Commanders LTC. Charles B. Smith Strength 406 1,100 Casualties 120 killed, 36 captured 42 killed, 85 wounded This battle was the first engagement between US and North Korean forces during the Korean War. ... The Battle of Pusan Perimeter was fought in August and September of 1950 between United Nations forces combined with South Korean forces and the forces of North Korea. ... Combatants United Nations * Australia * United Kingdom * United States * Democratic People’s Republic of Korea * People’s Republic of China Strength 27th Commonwealth Brigade *1st Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders *3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment *Middlesex Regiment Casualties Australia KIA: 14 WIA: 32 The Battle of Pakchon was a battle in... Combatants United Nations Great Britain United States Peoples Republic of China Commanders Oliver Smith Song Shi-Lun Strength 30,000 60,000 Casualties 2,500 dead, 192 missing, 5,000 wounded, 7,500 frostbite casualties 25,000 killed, 12,500 wounded, 30,000 frostbite casualties The Battle of Chosin... Task Force Faith, also sometimes referred to as Task Force Maclean (and by its official designation, RCT 31) was a U.S. Army unit destroyed in fighting at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir during the Korean War between November 27 and December 2, 1950. ... The Battle of the Twin Tunnels took place during the Korean War. ... Operation Ripper was a military operation which was planned to repel the Chinese and North Korean troops from Seoul and to bring UN troops to the 38th Parallel. ... Combatants US Democratic Peoples Republic of North Korea Operation Courageous was designed to trap large numbers of Chinese and North Korean troops between the Han River (Korea) and Imjin Rivers north of Seoul, opposite the South Korean I Corps. ... Operation Tomahawk was an airborne military operation by the 187th Regimental Combat Team (RCT) in March 1951 at Munsan-ni as part of Operation Courageous in the Korean War. ... The Battle of Yultong Bridge was a minor battle against the Great Spring Offensive fought in the Korean War, against the United Nations Command. ... Combatants Peoples Volunteer Army United Nations forces: - United States, - United Kingdom Commanders General Peng Dehuai General Matthew Ridgway [1] Strength 10,000 (+ Divisions in waiting) 700 of the British 29th Infantry Brigade Casualties ~20,00 Chinese; 63rd Army pulled out of action. ... Combatants United Nations Australia Canada China Casualties 43 killed 87 Wounded 3 Captured 1,000+ Killed The Battle of Kapyong was waged during the Korean War. ... The Battle of Bloody Ridge took place during the Korean War from August 18th to September 5th, 1951. ... The Battle of Heartbreak Ridge was a month long battle in the Korean War. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... The Battle of Hill Eerie refers to several Korean War engagements between the United Nations forces and the Chinese Communist Forces (CCF) in 1952 at the infamous of Hill Eerie. ... Combatants Korean Peoples Army Soviet Air Force United Nations Command Far East Air Forces Task Force 77 Commanders unknown Lt. ... Combatants  United Nations United Nations:  South Korea [{South Korea]]  United States United States  Peoples Republic of China Peoples Republic of China Commanders Major General Kim Jong Oh General Gang Ong-hwi Strength 9th Infantry Division (South Korea) Tanks, Artillery and aircraft of the Fifth Air Force 38th Army... Combatants U.S. 45th Infantry Division U.S. 2nd Infantry Division Chinese Peoples Volunteers The Battle of Old Baldy usually refers to a series of five engagements over a period of 10 months for Hill 266 in west-central Korea, though there was also vicous fighting both before and... The Hook During the 1951-1953 Korean War, elements of the United Nations Forces were engaged in fierce fighting to prevent Chinese forces from gaining ground, prior to a possible cease fire. ... The Battle of Pork Chop Hill refers to a pair of related Korean War engagements during the spring and summer of 1953. ... Combatants 15th Infantry Regiment, 3d Infantry Division Regimental Combat Team 5 Company P, Greek Expeditionary Forces Battalion Chinese Peoples Volunteers Outpost Harry was located in what was commonly referred to as the Iron Triangle in Korea. ... A code name or cryptonym is a word or name used clandestinely to refer to another name or word. ... Generally, a battle is an instance of combat in warfare between two or more parties wherein each group will seek to defeat the others. ... Combatants United Nations:  Republic of Korea,  Australia,  Belgium,  Luxembourg,  Canada,  Colombia,  Ethiopia,  France,  Greece,  Luxembourg,  Netherlands,  New Zealand,  Philippines,  South Africa,  Thailand,  Turkey,  United Kingdom,  United States Medical staff:  Denmark,  Australia,  Italy,  Norway,  Sweden Communist states:  Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,  Peoples Republic of China,  Soviet Union Commanders...

The battle began on September 15, 1950, and ended around September 28. During the amphibious operation, United Nations (UN) forces secured Incheon and broke out of the Busan region through a series of landings in enemy territory. The majority of UN ground forces participating in this assault were U.S. Marines, commanded by U.S. Army General Douglas MacArthur. is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that Landing operation be merged into this article or section. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Busan Metropolitan City, also known as Pusan[1] is the largest port city in the Republic of Korea. ... The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the United States military responsible for providing power projection from the sea,[1] utilizing the mobility of the U.S. Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces. ... General of the Army is a military rank used in some countries of the world to denote a senior military leader, usually a General in command of a nations Army. ... This article is about the American general; for the municipality in the Philippines, see General MacArthur, Eastern Samar. ...

The Battle of Inchon ended a string of victories by the invading North Korean People's Army (NKPA) and began a counterattack by United Nations forces that led to the recapture of Seoul. The advance north ended near the Yalu River, when China's People's Volunteer Army, feeling strategically threatened by what would be the complete loss of Korea, entered the conflict by deploying what would amount to approximately one hundred and fifty thousand of Chinese troops in support of North Korea, overrunning UN forces along the Ch'ongch'on River and forcing a withdrawal after the Battle of Chosin Reservoir to South Korea. North Korea now has the fourth-largest military in the world. ... Closing the Falais-Argentan Pocket and the Mortain counterattack 6-17 August 1944 A counterattack is a military tactic used by defending forces when under attack by an enemy force. ... Short name Statistics Location map Map of location of Seoul. ... The Amnok River, or the Yalu River, is a river on the border between China and North Korea. ... The Chinese Peoples Volunteer Army (PVA) (Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) was a volunteer army deployed by the Chinese government during the Korean War. ... Combatants United Nations Great Britain United States Peoples Republic of China Commanders Oliver Smith Song Shi-Lun Strength 30,000 60,000 Casualties 2,500 dead, 192 missing, 5,000 wounded, 7,500 frostbite casualties 25,000 killed, 12,500 wounded, 30,000 frostbite casualties The Battle of Chosin...

Background

Planning

The idea to land UN forces at Inchon was suggested by MacArthur after he visited the Korean battlefield on June 29, 1950, four days after the war began. MacArthur thought that the North Korean army would push the South Korean army back far past Seoul. He decided that the battered, demoralized, and under-equipped South Koreans could not hold off the NKPA's advances even with American reinforcements. MacArthur felt that he could turn the tide if he made a decisive troop movement behind enemy lines. He hoped that a landing near Inchon would allow him to cut off the NKPA and destroy that army as a useful fighting force, thus winning the war. is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Republic of Korea Army (ROK Army, ROKA, hangul: 대한민국 육군; hanja: 大韓民國 陸軍) is by far the largest of the military branches, with over 560,000 members as of 2004. ...

In order to accomplish such a large amphibious operation, MacArthur requested the use of United States Marine Corps expeditionary forces, having become familiar with their ability to integrate amphibious operations in the Pacific during World War II. However, the Marines at that point were still recovering from a series of severe program cutbacks instituted by the Truman administration and Secretary of Defense Louis A. Johnson. Indeed, Johnson had tried to eliminate the Marines entirely and slashed Marine expeditionary forces from a World War II peak of 300,000 men to just over 27,000. Much of the Marines' landing craft and amphibious carriers had been sold off, scrapped, or transferred to the exclusive use of the U.S. Army. After hastily re-equipping Marine forces with aging World War II landing craft, withdrawing Marine units from the Pusan perimeter, and stripping recruitment depots bare of men, Marine commanders were just able to mount a force capable of undertaking offensive operations.^[1][2] For other uses, see Pacific War (disambiguation). ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... For other persons named Harry Truman, see Harry Truman (disambiguation). ... The United States Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) is the head of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), concerned with the armed services and military matters. ... Louis Arthur Johnson (January 10, 1891 - April 24, 1966) was the second United States Secretary of Defense, serving in the cabinet of President Harry S. Truman from March 28, 1949 to September 19, 1950. ...

MacArthur decided to use the Joint Strategic and Operations Group (JSPOG) of his Far East Command (FECOM). The initial plan was met with skepticism by the other generals because Inchon's natural and artificial defenses were formidable. The approaches to Inchon were two restricted passages, Flying Fish and Eastern channels, which could be easily blocked by mines. The current of the channels was also dangerously quick—three to eight knots. Finally, the anchorage was small and the harbor surrounded by tall seawalls. Commander Arlie G. Capps noted "We drew up a list of every natural and geographic handicap—and Inchon had 'em all." Joint Strategic and Operations Group Also: Joint Strategic Plans and Operations Group (JSPOG) A committee or group in that was instituted during the Korean War to facilitate communication and interaction between the armed services. ... The Far East Command was a military regional division of the British military. ... Polish wz. ... A knot is a unit of speed abbreviated kt or kn. ... A seawall is a form of hard coastal defence constructed on the inland part of a coast to reduce the effects of strong waves and to defend the coast around a town or harbour from erosion. ...

These problems, along with the advancing North Korean army, forced MacArthur to abandon his first plan, Operation Bluehearts, which called for an Inchon landing in July 1950.

Despite these obstacles, in September MacArthur issued a revised plan of assault on Inchon: Plan 100-B, codenamed Operation Chromite. A briefing led by Admiral James Doyle concluded "the best that I can say is that Inchon is not impossible." Officers at the briefing spent much of their time asking about alternative landing sites such as Kunsan. MacArthur spent 45 minutes after the briefing explaining his reasons for choosing Inchon. He said that because it was so heavily defended, the enemy would not expect an attack there, that victory at Inchon would avoid a brutal winter campaign, and that, by invading a northern strong point, the UN forces could cut off North Korean lines of communication. Inchon was also chosen because of its proximity to Seoul. Admiral Forrest P. Sherman and General J. Lawton Collins returned to Washington, D.C., and had the invasion approved. For other uses, see Admiral (disambiguation). ... Gunsan is a city in North Jeolla Province, South Korea. ... Admiral Forrest Sherman Forrest Percival Sherman (30 October 1896 - 22 July 1951) was an admiral in the United States Navy and the youngest man to serve as Chief of Naval Operations Born in Merrimack, New Hampshire, Sherman was a member of the Naval Academy class of 1917. ... Joseph Lawton Collins Joseph Lightning Joe Lawton Collins (1 May 1896 – 12 September 1987) was a general of the United States Army. ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ...

The landing at Inchon was not the first large-scale amphibious operation since World War II. That distinction belonged to the July 18, 1950 landing at Pohang. However, that operation was not made in enemy held territory and was unopposed.^[3] is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Pohang is a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. ...

Before the landing

The M26 Pershing enjoyed domination over Chinese and North Korean T-34 tanks at Inchon.

Seven days before the main attack on Inchon, a joint Central Intelligence Agency–military intelligence reconnaissance, codenamed Trudy Jackson, placed a team of guerrillas in Inchon. The group, led by Navy Lieutenant Eugene Clark, landed at Yonghung-do, an island in the mouth of the harbor. From there, they relayed intelligence back to U.S. forces. Image File history File links M26_pershing. ... Image File history File links M26_pershing. ... The Heavy Tank M26 Pershing was an American tank used during World War II and the Korean War. ... The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank first produced in 1940. ... “CIA” redirects here. ... Military intelligence (abbreviated MI, int. ... “Guerrilla” redirects here. ... US Navy Lieutenant Eugene Clark was the leader of the advance party on Yonghung-do Island in Incheon Harbor in advance of the US forces led invasion of Inchon leading to the Battle of Inchon. ...

With the help of locals, the guerrillas gathered information about tides, mudflats, seawalls and enemy fortifications. The mission's most important contribution was the restarting of a lighthouse on Palmi-do. When the North Koreans discovered that the allied agents had entered the peninsula, they sent an attack craft with 16 infantrymen. Eugene Clark mounted a machine gun on a sampan and sank the attack boat. In response, the North Koreans killed up to 50 civilians for helping Clark. This article is about tides in the Earths oceans. ... Mudflats in Brewster, Massachusetts extending hundreds of yards offshore at the low tide. ... Table of Fortification, from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ... Eddystone Lighthouse, one of the first wavewashed lighthouses For other uses, see Lighthouse (disambiguation). ...

A series of drills and tests were conducted elsewhere on the coast of Korea, where conditions were similar to Inchon, before the actual invasion. These drills were used to perfect the timing and performance of the landing craft.^[4]

As the landing groups neared, cruisers and destroyers from several UN navies shelled Wolmi-do and checked for mines in Flying Fish Channel. The first Canadian forces entered the Korean War when HMCS Cayuga, HMCS Athabaskan and HMCS Sioux bombarded the coast. The Fast Carrier Force flew fighter cover, interdiction, and ground attack missions. Destroyer Squadron Nine, headed by the USS Mansfield, sailed up Eastern Channel and into Inchon Harbor, where it fired upon enemy gun emplacements. The attacks tipped off the North Koreans that a landing might be imminent. The North Korean officer at Wolmi-do assured his superiors that he would throw the enemy back into the sea. USS Port Royal (CG-73), a Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruiser (really an uprated guided missile destroyer), launched in 1992. ... USS McFaul underway in the Atlantic Ocean. ... HMCS Cayuga R04/218 was a Destroyer of the Tribal class built in the United Kingdom and served in the Royal Canadian Navy. ... HMCS Athabaskan (R79) was the second destroyer of the Canadian Navy to bear that name. ... HMCS Sioux is a V-Class Canadian World War II destroyer, formerly of the Royal Navy HMS Vixen. ... Fighter cover is the maintenance of a number of fighter aircraft over a specified area or force for the purpose of repelling hostile air activities. ... The word interdict usually refers to an ecclesiastical penalty in the Roman Catholic Church. ... Close air support (often abbreviated CAS) is the use of military aircraft in a ground attack role against targets in close proximity to friendly troops, in support of ground combat operations. ... USS Mansfield (DD-728), an -class destroyer, is the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Sergeant Duncan Mansfield, a Marine who, in 1804, during the First Barbary War sailed with Lieutenant Stephen Decatur aboard the USS Intrepid on a covert mission to destroy the recently...

Battle

The flotilla of ships that landed during the battle was commanded by Arthur Dewey Struble, an expert in amphibious warfare. Struble had participated in amphibious operations in World War II, including the Battle of Leyte and the Battle of Normandy.^[5] picture of invasion route for Inchon from US Marine Operations in Korea, Vol II [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... picture of invasion route for Inchon from US Marine Operations in Korea, Vol II [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Arthur Dewey Struble (28 June 1894 – 1 May 1983) was a U.S. admiral who served in World War II. Vice Admiral Struble, USN Struble was born in Portland, Oregon. ... Combatants United States, The Philippines Empire of Japan Commanders Douglas MacArthur Walter Krueger Franklin C. Sibert John R. Hodge Ruperto C. Kangleon Tomoyuki Yamashita Sosaku Suzuki Shiro Makino Strength 200,000 U.S. troops 3,189 Filipino guerrillas 55,000 Japanese troops Casualties 3,500 killed 12,000 wounded 49... Combatants United States United Kingdom Canada Free France Poland Nazi Germany Commanders Dwight Eisenhower (Supreme Allied Commander) Bernard Montgomery (land) Bertram Ramsay (sea) Trafford Leigh-Mallory (air) Omar Bradley (U.S. 1st Army) Miles Dempsey (UK 2nd Army) Harry Crerar (Canadian 1st Army) Gerd von Rundstedt (OB WEST) Erwin Rommel...

Green Beach

At 06:30 on September 15, 1950, the lead elements of U.S. X Corps hit "Green Beach" on the northern side of Wolmi-Do Island. The landing force consisted of the 3rd Battalion 5th Marines and nine M26 Pershing tanks from the 1st Tank Battalion. One tank was equipped with a flamethrower (flame tank) and two others had bulldozer blades. The battle group landed in LSTs designed and built during World War II. The entire island was captured by noon at the cost of just 14 casualties.^[6] North Korean casualties included over 200 killed and 136 captured, primarily from the 918th Artillery Regiment and the 226th Independent Marine Regiment. The forces on Green Beach had to wait until 19:50 for the tide to rise, allowing another group to land. During this time, extensive shelling and bombing, along with anti-tank mines placed on the only bridge, kept the North Koreans from launching a significant counterattack. The second wave came ashore at "Red Beach" and "Blue Beach". is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... X Corps was a unit of the United States Army that took part in the invasion of Leyte under Sixth Army during 1944. ... Landing is a military operation aimed at a bringing the landing force (landing troops) to a shore or to land with the purpose of power projection ashore/landside by forces coming from ships/aircraft and able to fight. ... 3rd Battalion 5th Marines (3/5) is an infantry battalion in the United States Marine Corps based out of Camp Pendleton, California consisting of approximately 1000 Marines and Sailors. ... The Heavy Tank M26 Pershing was an American tank used during World War II and the Korean War. ... The 1st Tank Battalion is an armored battalion of the United States Marine Corps which is based out of the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms, California. ... Riverboat of the U.S. Brownwater Navy shooting ignited napalm from its mounted flamethrower during the Vietnam war. ... Marine M67 in Vietnam, 1968. ... A Caterpillar D10N bulldozer at work A bulldozer is a very powerful crawler (caterpillar tracked tractor) equipped with a blade. ... Canadian LST offloading an M4 Sherman during the Allied invasion of Sicily in 1943. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

The North Korean army had not been expecting an invasion at Inchon. After the storming of Green Beach, the NKPA assumed (probably because of deliberate misinformation by American counter-intelligence) that the main invasion would happen at Kunsan. As a result, only a small force was diverted to Inchon. Even those forces were too late, and they arrived after the UN forces had taken Blue and Red Beaches. The troops already stationed at Inchon had been weakened by Clark's guerrillas, and napalm bombing runs had destroyed key ammunition dumps. In total, 261 ships took part. Gunsan is a city in North Jeolla Province, South Korea. ... A simulated Napalm explosion during MCAS Air Show in 2003. ...

Red Beach

General Douglas MacArthur (center) grasps J. Lawton Collins (the Army Chief of Staff, left) and Admiral Forrest P. Sherman (the Chief of Naval Operations, right). MacArthur used their meeting to convince other military leaders that the assault on Inchon was necessary.

The Red Beach forces, made up of the Regimental Combat Team 5, used ladders to scale the sea walls. After neutralizing North Korean defenses, they opened the causeway to Wolmi-Do, allowing the tanks from Green Beach to enter the battle. Red Beach forces suffered eight dead and 28 wounded. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This article is about the American general; for the municipality in the Philippines, see General MacArthur, Eastern Samar. ... Joseph Lawton Collins Joseph Lightning Joe Lawton Collins (1 May 1896 – 12 September 1987) was a general of the United States Army. ... Admiral Forrest Sherman Forrest Percival Sherman (30 October 1896 - 22 July 1951) was an admiral in the United States Navy and the youngest man to serve as Chief of Naval Operations Born in Merrimack, New Hampshire, Sherman was a member of the Naval Academy class of 1917. ... The 5th Marine Regiment (5th Marines) is a critical componet of the 1st Marine Division. ...

Blue Beach

Under the command of Colonel Lewis "Chesty" Puller, the 1st Marine Regiment landing at Blue Beach was significantly south of the other two beaches and reached shore last. As they approached the coast, the combined fire from several NKPA gun emplacements sank one LST. Destroyer fire and bombing runs silenced the North Korean defenses. When they finally arrived, the North Korean forces at Inchon had already surrendered, so the Blue Beach forces suffered few casualties and met little opposition. The 1st Marine Regiment spent much of its time strengthening the beachhead and preparing for the inland invasion. Lieutenant General Lewis Chesty Burwell Puller (June 26, 1898 – October 11, 1971) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps and was the most decorated Marine in history. ... Comanded by the legiondary Lewis B. Chesty Puller. ... A beachhead is a military term used to describe the line created when a unit (by sea) reaches a beach, and begins to defend that area of beach, while other reinforcements (hopefully) help out, until a unit large enough to begin advancing has arrived. ...

Aftermath

Beachhead

Lieutenant Baldomero Lopez of the Marine Corps is shown scaling a seawall after landing on Red Beach (September 15). Minutes after this photo was taken, Lopez was killed after smothering a live grenade with his body.^[7] He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.

Immediately after North Korean resistance was extinguished in Inchon, the supply and reinforcement process began. Seabees and Underwater Demolition Teams (UDTs) that had arrived with the U.S. Marines constructed a pontoon dock on Green Beach and cleared debris from the water. The dock was then used to unload the remainder of the LSTs. Download high resolution version (598x733, 73 KB) comes from http://www. ... Download high resolution version (598x733, 73 KB) comes from http://www. ... Lieutenant is a military, naval, paramilitary, fire service or police officer rank. ... 1stLt Baldomero Lopez Baldomero Lopez was a First Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps during the Korean War. ... The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the United States military responsible for providing power projection from the sea,[1] utilizing the mobility of the U.S. Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces. ... A seawall is a form of hard coastal defence constructed on the inland part of a coast to reduce the effects of strong waves and to defend the coast around a town or harbour from erosion. ... is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the alcoholic beverage sold in New Orleans, see hand grenade (drink). ... A posthumous recognition is a ceremonial award given after the recipient has passed away. ... The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States. ... This article is about the Seabee naval unit. ... Underwater Demolition Teams (UDT) were a precursor to the current United States Navy SEALs. ...

Documents written by Kim Il Sung and recovered by UN troops soon after the landing said, "The original plan was to end the war in a month, we could not stamp out four American divisions...We were taken by surprise when United Nations troops and the American Air Force and Navy moved in." Kim Il-sung (April 15, 1912–July 8, 1994) was a Korean Communist politician and the ruler of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (North Korea) from 1948 until his death. ...

On September 16, the North Koreans, realizing their blunder, sent six columns of T-34 tanks to the beachhead. In response, two flights from F4U Corsair squadron VMF-214 bombed the attackers. The air strike damaged or destroyed half of the tank column and lost one plane. A quick counter-attack by M26 Pershing tanks destroyed the remainder of the North Korean armored division and cleared the way for the capture of Inchon. is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank first produced in 1940. ... The Chance Vought F4U Corsair was an American fighter aircraft that saw service in World War II and the Korean War (and in isolated local conflicts). ... Marine Attack Squadron 214 (VMA-214) is a United States Marine Corps fighter squadron consisting of AV-8B Harrier (V/STOL) jets. ... The Heavy Tank M26 Pershing was an American tank used during World War II and the Korean War. ...

On September 19, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers repaired the local railroad up to eight miles (13 km) inland. The Kimpo airstrip was captured, and transport planes began flying in gasoline and ordnance for the aircraft stationed at Inchon. The Marines continued unloading supplies and reinforcements. By September 22, they had unloaded 6,629 vehicles and 53,882 troops, along with 25,512 tons (23,000 tonnes) of supplies. is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The USACE gold castle insignia, worn by officers of the Corps The United States Army Corps of Engineers, or USACE, is made up of some 34,600 civilian and 650 military men and women. ... Gimpo Airport (formerly Kimpo International Airport) was the main international airport for Seoul and South Korea before it was replaced by Incheon International Airport in 2001. ... is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The short ton is a unit of mass equal to 907. ... A tonne or metric ton (symbol t), sometimes referred to as a metric tonne, is a measurement of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms. ...

Battle of Seoul

It has been suggested that this section be split into a new article entitled Battle of Seoul (September 1950). (Discuss)

U.S. Marines engaged in urban warfare during the battle for Seoul in late September 1950. The American soldiers are carrying M1 Garand semi-automatic rifles and Browning Automatics. On the street are Korean casualties. In the distance are M4 Sherman tanks.

In contrast to the quick victory at Inchon, the advance on Seoul was slow and bloody. The NKPA launched another T-34 attack, which was trapped and destroyed, and a Yak bombing run in Inchon harbor, which did little damage. The NKPA attempted to stall the UN offensive to allow time to reinforce Seoul and withdraw troops from the south. Though warned that the process of taking Seoul would allow remaining NKPA forces in the south to escape, MacArthur felt that he was bound to honor promises given to the South Korean government to retake the capital as soon as possible. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Urban warfare is a modern warfare conducted in urban areas such as towns and cities. ... The M1 Garand (more formally the United States Rifle, Caliber . ... A semi-automatic rifle is a type of rifle that fires a single bullet each time the trigger is pulled, without the need to manually operate a bolt, lever or other firing or loading mechanism. ... The Browning Automatic Rifle (commonly known as the BAR; properly pronounced bee ay are) is a family of automatic rifles (or machine rifles) and light machine guns used by the United States and other countries during the 20th century. ... The M4 Sherman was the primary tank produced by the United States for its own use and the use of its Allies during World War II. Production of the M4 Medium tank exceeded 50,000 units, and its chassis served as the basis for thousands of other armored vehicles such... Yakovlev - the name of aircraft designed by Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev, the founder of the Yakovlev Design Bureau. ...

On the second day, vessels carrying the U.S. Army's 7th Infantry Division arrived in Inchon Harbor. General Almond was eager to get the division into position to block a possible enemy movement from the south of Seoul. On the morning of September 18, the division's 2nd Battalion of the 32nd Infantry Regiment landed at Inchon and the remainder of the regiment went ashore later in the day. The next morning, the 2nd Battalion moved up to relieve an U.S. Marine battalion occupying positions on the right flank south of Seoul. Meanwhile, the 7th Division's 31st Regiment came ashore at Inchon. Responsibility for the zone south of Seoul highway passed to 7th Division at 18:00 on September 19. The 7th Infantry Division then engaged in heavy fighting on the outskirts of Seoul. is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Before the battle, North Korea had just one understrength division in the city, with the majority of its forces south of the capital.^[8] MacArthur personally oversaw the 1st Marine Regiment as it fought through North Korean positions on the road to Seoul. Control of Operation Chromite was then given to Major General Edward Almond, the X Corps commander. It was Almond's goal to take Seoul on September 25, exactly three months after the beginning of the war. On September 22, the Marines entered Seoul to find it heavily fortified. Casualties mounted as the forces engaged in desperate house-to-house fighting. Anxious to pronounce the conquest of Seoul, Almond declared the city liberated on September 25 despite the fact that Marines were still engaged in house-to-house combat (gunfire and artillery could still be heard in the northern suburbs). Edward Mallory Almond (December 12, 1892 – June 11, 1979) was an American military officer best known as the commander of the United States Army X Corps during the Korean War. ... is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Urban warfare is a modern warfare conducted in urban areas such as towns and cities. ... is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Breakout of Pusan

The last North Korean troops in South Korea still fighting were defeated when Walker's 8th Army broke out of the Pusan perimeter, joining the Army's X Corps in a coordinated attack on NKPA forces. Of the 70,000 NKPA troops around Pusan, more than half were killed or captured. However, because UN forces had concentrated on taking Seoul rather than cutting off the NKPA's withdrawal north, the remaining 30,000 North Korean soldiers escaped to the north across the Yalu River, where they were soon reconstituted as a cadre for the formation of new NKPA divisions hastily re-equipped by the Soviet Union. The allied assault continued north to the Yalu River until the intervention of the People's Republic of China in the war. The Eighth US Army—often abbreviated EUSA—(the acronym EUSA was deemed unauthorized by LTG Charles Campbell in 2002) is the commanding formation of all US Army troops in South Korea. ...

Popular culture

The Battle of Inchon was the subject of the 1981 movie Inchon, which did poorly at the box office amid controversy over its being partially financed by Unification Church leader Sun Myung Moon. Inchon is a 1982 film directed by Terence Young about the Battle of Inchon during the Korean War. ... The Unification Church is a new religious movement started by Sun Myung Moon in Korea in the 1940s. ... Sun Myung Moon in 2005. ...

The song "Inchon", by Robert W. Smith, depicts the battle. It begins with a flute solo, and slowly brings in helicopter noises. Also included are percussion sound effects, such as helicopters, machine gun fire, and artillery. It also has references to Variations on a Korean Folk Song (measures 61, 62, 65, and 66). Robert W. Smith is an American composer, arranger, and teacher. ... Variations on a Korean Folk Song is a musical piece written for concert band by John Barnes Chance in 1965. ...

Notes

1. ^ Blair, Clay The Forgotten War: America in Korea, 1950–1953, Naval Institute Press (2003)
2. ^ Krulak, Victor H. (Lt. Gen.), First to Fight: An Inside View of the U.S. Marine Corps, Naval Institute Press (1999)
3. ^ "Landings By Sea Not New In Korea": September 15, 1950 The New York Times (page 3)
4. ^ Cite error 8; No text given.
5. ^ "United States Marines Headed For Seoul": September 18, 1950 The New York Times (page 1)
6. ^ Alexander, Joseph H.; Horan, Don (1999). The Battle History of the U.S. Marines: A Fellowship of Valor. HarperCollins, v. ISBN 0-06-093109-4. 
7. ^ "The Inchon Invasion, September 1950: Overview and Selected Images" from Naval Historical Center and " First Lieutenant Baldomero Lopez, USMC" from US Marine Corps
8. ^ Baldwin, Hanson W.. "Invasion Gamble Pays Off", The New York Times, 1950-09-27, p. 6. Retrieved on 2006-06-18. 

The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 169th day of the year (170th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• "The Inchon Invasion, September 1950—Overview and Selected Images." U.S. Department of the Navy/Naval Historical Center. [1]
• Assault from the Sea: The Amphibious Landing at Inchon. U.S. Department of the Navy/Naval Historical Center. [2]
• Ballard, John R. "Operation Chromite: Counterattack at Inchon." Joint Forces Quarterly: Spring/Summer 2001. PDF file
• Blair, Clay, The Forgotten War: America in Korea, 1950–1953 Naval Institute Press (2003).
• Bradford, Jeffrey A. "MacArthur, Inchon and the Art of Battle Command." Military Review 2001 81(2): 83–86. ISSN 0026-4148 Fulltext: in Ebsco. Abstract: MacArthur's understanding and use of battle command were critical for the operation's success. Battle command requires decisionmaking, leadership, and motivation of soldiers and organizations.
• Clark, Eugene Franklin. The Secrets of Inchon: The Untold Story of the Most Daring Covert Mission of the Korean War: Putnam Pub Group (2002) . ISBN 0-399-14871-X
• "The Landing at Inchon." Canadians in Korea: Valour Remembered. Veterans Affairs Canada. [3]
• Heefner, Wilson A. "The Inch'on Landing," Military Review 1995 75(2): 65–77. ISSN 0026-4148 fulltext in Ebsco
• Colonel Robert D. Heinl, Jr. "The Inchon Landing: A Case Study in Ampibious Planning," Naval War College Review, Spring 1998, Vol. LI, No. 2 online
• Krulak, Victor H. (Lt. Gen.), First to Fight: An Inside View of the U.S. Marine Corps, Naval Institute Press (1999)
• Montross, Lynn et al., History of U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950–1953, vol 1. (Washington: Historical Branch, G-3, Headquarters, Marine Corps, 1954)
• Montross, Lynn. "The Inchon Landing—Victory over Time and Tide." The Marine Corps Gazette. July 1951. [4]
• Schnabel, James F. United States Army in the Korean War: Policy and Direction: The First Year (Washington: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1972). official US Army history; full text online, ch 8–9
• Simmons, Edwin H. Over the Seawall: US Marines at Inchon. (Marines in the Korean War Commemorative Series.) US Marine Corps History Center, 2000. 69 pp.
• Stolfi, Russel H. S. "A Critique of Pure Success: Inchon Revisited, Revised, and Contrasted." Journal of Military History 2004 68(2): 505–525. ISSN 0899-3718 Fulltext in Project Muse, SwetsWise and Ebsco. Abstract: Contrasts the US style of war fighting with that of Germany by examining the US military's 1950 Inchon-Seoul operation and the German offensive in the Baltic in 1941.

External links

Military of the United States Portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Battle of Inchon

• Max Hermansen (2000) "Inchon – Operation Chromite"
• Marines Starved of Troops and Equipment by Truman Administration
• CNN article about the landing's 50th anniversary
• The taking of Wolmi-Do (focused on the USS Mansfield)
• Invasions of Inchon and Wonsan remembered French and English supported operations. Allies provide a unique perspective of naval operation in the Korean War.

Coordinates: 37°29′N 126°38′E / 37.483, 126.633 (Inchon) Image File history File links Naval_Jack_of_the_United_States. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...