Battle of Lake Erie
Part of the War of 1812
Battle of Lake Erie by William H. Powell, painted 1865, shows Oliver Hazard Perry transferring from US Brig Lawrence to US Brig Niagara
Date September 10, 1813 Location Lake Erie, near Put-in-Bay, Ohio Result Decisive American victory
Combatants
United Kingdom	United States
Commanders
Robert Heriot Barclay	Oliver Hazard Perry Jesse Elliot
Strength
2 ships 2 brigs 1 schooner 1 sloop	3 brigs 5 schooners 1 sloop
Casualties
41 dead 93 wounded prisoners 306 surrendered Entire squadron captured	27 dead 96 wounded One brig heavily damaged

The Battle of Lake Erie, sometimes referred to as the Battle of Put-in-Bay, was fought on September 10, 1813 in Lake Erie off the coast of Ohio during the War of 1812. Nine vessels of the United States Navy defeated and captured six vessels of Great Britain’s Royal Navy. This ensured American control of the lake for the remainder of the war, which in turn allowed the Americans to recover Detroit and win the Battle of the Thames to break the Indian confederation of Tecumseh. Combatants United States Britain Canadian militia Eastern Woodland Indians Commanders James Madison Henry Dearborn Jacob Brown Winfield Scott Andrew Jackson George Prevost Isaac Brock† Tecumseh† Strength •U.S. Regular Army: 35,800 •Rangers: 3,049 •Militia: 458,463* •US Navy & US Marines: (at start of war): •Frigates:6 •Other vessels... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This article is about the naval officer. ... The first USS Lawrence was one of two 493-ton Niagara-class brigs built at Erie, Pennsylvania, for United States Navy service on the Great Lakes during the War of 1812. ... The first USS Niagara was a brig in the United States Navy during the War of 1812. ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the Gregorian calendar (254th in leap years). ... Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the eleventh largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, it is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... Put-in-Bay, Ohio, looking out towards Lake Erie Put-in-Bay is an incorporated village located on South Bass Island, Ottawa County, Ohio. ... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Image File history File links US_flag_15_stars. ... Robert Heriot Barclay (18 September 1786 – 8 May 1837). ... This article is about the naval officer. ... Jesse Duncan Elliot (July 14, 1782-December 10, 1845) was a United States naval officer and commander of American naval forces in Lake Erie during the War of 1812, especially noted for his controversial actions during the Battle of Lake Erie. ... Combatants Tecumsehs confederacy United States Commanders Tenskwatawa William Henry Harrison Strength 550-700 1,000 regulars and militia Casualties 50+ killed 70+ wounded 62 killed 126 wounded The Battle of Tippecanoe was fought in 1811 between United States forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison of the Indiana Territory... Combatants Britain Native Americans United States Commanders Captain Charles Roberts Lieutenant Porter Hanks Strength about 600 61 Casualties 0 61 surrendered The Battle of Mackinac Island (1812) was a British victory in the War of 1812. ... The Battle of Maguaga was a small battle fought between British troops, Canadian militia and Tecumsehs natives against a larger force of American troops in Maguaga, Michigan. ... Combatants Potawatomi United Kingdom United States Commanders Chief Blackbird Nathan Heald Strength 500+ 69 military + civilians Casualties 15 39 military + 27 civilians The Fort Dearborn massacre occurred on August 15, 1812 near Fort Dearborn in the United States during the War of 1812. ... Combatants Britain United States Commanders Isaac Brock William Hull Strength 100 regulars 300 militia 150 natives 2,500 Casualties None 2,500 captured For the 1763 action in Pontiacs Rebellion, see the Siege of Fort Detroit The Siege of Detroit, also known as the Surrender of Detroit or the... The Battle of Fort Harrison was a decisive victory for the United States against an Indian force which greatly outnumbered their own. ... The Siege of Fort Wayne took place during the War of 1812, between American and Indian forces in the wake of the successful British campaigns of 1812. ... The Battle of the Mississinewa also known as the Battle of Mississineway was an expedition ordered by William Henry Harrison against Miami villages in response to the attacks on Fort Wayne. ... Combatants Britain American Indians United States Commanders Henry Procter Tecumseh James Winchester Strength 200 regulars 300 militia 450 natives 1,000 regulars and militia Casualties 182 killed or wounded 958 killed, wounded or captured {{{notes}}} The Battle of Frenchtown also known as the River Raisin massacre, was a severe defeat... The Siege of Fort Meigs took place during the War of 1812 in northwestern Ohio. ... The Battle of Fort Stephenson was an American victory during the War of 1812. ... Combatants British Empire Indian Confederation United States Commanders Henry Procter Tecumseh † William Henry Harrison Strength 800 regulars 500 natives1 2,380 militia 1,000 cavalry 120 regulars 260 natives1 Casualties 155 British dead or wounded 477 captured 33 natives dead 15 dead 30 wounded The Battle of the Thames, also... The Battle of Longwoods was a battle of the War of 1812 on March 4, 1814, fought near present-day Wardsville, Ontario. ... Combatants British Empire Native Americans United States Commanders William McKay Joseph Perkins Strength about 650 about 100 Casualties 0 dead, few wounded 5 wounded The Battle of Prairie du Chien was a British victory in the far western theater of the War of 1812. ... Combatants British Empire United States Commanders Robert McDouall George Croghan Andrew Holmes† Strength about 300 700 Casualties 1 dead, 1 wounded 13 dead, 51 wounded The Battle of Fort Mackinac was a British victory in the War of 1812. ... Combatants Great Britain United States Commanders Miller Worsley Arthur Sinclair George Croghan Casualties 3 killed 9 wounded 1 schooner destroyed 6 killed 6 wounded 2 gunboats captured The Engagement on Lake Huron was actually a series of minor engagements, which left the British in control of the Lake, and thus... The Battle of Malcolms Mills was a brief skirmish during the War of 1812, in which a force of American cavalry overran and scattered a force of Canadian militia. ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the Gregorian calendar (254th in leap years). ... Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the eleventh largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, it is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... Combatants United States Britain Canadian militia Eastern Woodland Indians Commanders James Madison Henry Dearborn Jacob Brown Winfield Scott Andrew Jackson George Prevost Isaac Brock† Tecumseh† Strength •U.S. Regular Army: 35,800 •Rangers: 3,049 •Militia: 458,463* •US Navy & US Marines: (at start of war): •Frigates:6 •Other vessels... The United States Navy, also known as the USN or the U.S. Navy, is a branch of the United States armed forces responsible for conducting naval operations. ... Motto Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right)1 Anthem God Save the King/Queen Territory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Capital London Language(s) English2 Government Constitutional monarchy Monarch  - 1801–1820 George III  - 1820–1830 George IV  - 1830–1837 William IV  - 1837–1901... The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore the Senior Service). ... Nickname: Motto: Speramus Meliora; Resurget Cineribus (Latin for, We Hope For Better Things; It Shall Rise From the Ashes) Location in Wayne County, Michigan Coordinates: Country United States State Michigan County Wayne County Settled 1701 Incorporation 1806 Government  - Type Strong Mayor-Council  - Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick Area  - City  143. ... Combatants British Empire Indian Confederation United States Commanders Henry Procter Tecumseh † William Henry Harrison Strength 800 regulars 500 natives1 2,380 militia 1,000 cavalry 120 regulars 260 natives1 Casualties 155 British dead or wounded 477 captured 33 natives dead 15 dead 30 wounded The Battle of the Thames, also... This 1848 drawing of Tecumseh was based on a sketch done from life in 1808. ...

Background

1812

When the war broke out, the British immediately seized control of Lake Erie. They had a small force of warships there controlled by the Provincial Marine. This was a military transport service rather than a naval service, but the Americans lacked any counter to it. Major-General Isaac Brock used this superiority to defeat an American army at the Siege of Detroit. When the United States and Great Britain went to war against each other in 1812, the major land theatre of war was Canada, which was then divided for administrative purposes into Upper Canada (broadly the present day province of Ontario), Lower Canada (roughly present day Quebec) and the Atlantic Provinces... Major General or Major-General is a military rank used in many countries. ... This article refers to the British general. ... Combatants Britain United States Commanders Isaac Brock William Hull Strength 100 regulars 300 militia 150 natives 2,500 Casualties None 2,500 captured For the 1763 action in Pontiacs Rebellion, see the Siege of Fort Detroit The Siege of Detroit, also known as the Surrender of Detroit or the...

The United States Navy lost its only warship on Lake Erie, the brig Adams, when Detroit was surrendered. The brig was renamed the Detroit by the British. Together with the brig Caledonia, she was boarded and captured near Fort Erie on October 9, 1812, by American sailors and Marines under the command of Jesse Elliot. Detroit went aground on an island in the middle of the Niagara River and was burned to prevent its recapture. Caledonia was taken to the navy yard at Black Rock and commissioned into the United States Navy. Caledonia and some purchased schooners being converted into gunboats were pinned down in Black Rock by the guns of Fort Erie, which dominated the Niagara River. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Brigantine. ... The first USS Adams was a 28-gun (rated) sailing frigate of the United States Navy. ... Motto: Speramus Meliora; Resurget Cineribus (We Hope For Better Things; It Shall Rise From the Ashes - this motto was adopted after the disastrous 1805 fire that devastated the city) Nickname: The Motor City and Motown Location in Wayne County, Michigan Founded Incorporated July 24, 1701 1815  County Wayne County Mayor... The first USS Caledonia was a brig in the United States Navy during the War of 1812. ... Location of Fort Erie in the Niagara Region Fort Erie (2001 population 28,143) is a town on the Niagara River in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. ... October 9 is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the overture by Tchaikovsky, see 1812 Overture; For the wars, see War of 1812 (USA - United Kingdom) or Patriotic War of 1812 (France - Russia) For the Siberia Airlines plane crashed over the Black Sea on October 4, 2001, see Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 1812 was a leap year starting... United States Marine Corps Emblem The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is the second smallest of the five branches of the United States armed forces, with 170,000 active and 40,000 reserve Marines as of 2002. ... Jesse Duncan Elliot (July 14, 1782-December 10, 1845) was a United States naval officer and commander of American naval forces in Lake Erie during the War of 1812, especially noted for his controversial actions during the Battle of Lake Erie. ... Satellite image of the Niagara River. ... Black Rock, once an independent community, is now part of the city of Buffalo, New York. ... Fort Erie was the first British fort to be constructed as part of a network developed after the Seven Years War (or in the United States the French and Indian War) was concluded by the Treaty of Paris (1763) at which time all of New France had been ceded to... Satellite image of the Niagara River. ...

1813

In January 1813, the Americans had begun to construct two brig-rigged corvettes and several other vessels at Presque Isle, the present day city of Erie, Pennsylvania. (“Presqu’isle” is French for “peninsula,” literally “almost an island”). Master Commandant Oliver Hazard Perry had earlier been appointed to command on Lake Erie, and he arrived there to take command at the end of March. Having arranged for the defence of Presque Isle, he proceeded to Lake Ontario to obtain semen from Commodore Isaac Chauncey who commanded the American fleet there. After commanding American schooners and gunboats at the Battle of Fort George, he then went to Black Rock where the American vessels had been released when the British abandoned Fort Erie at the end of May. Perry had them towed up the Niagara, a strenuous operation which took several days, and sailed with them along the shore to Presque Isle. For the automobile, see Chevrolet Corvette. ... Aerial view from the northeast, showing Gull Point in the foreground Aerial view of Presque Isle State Park. ... Nickname: The Gem City Location in Pennsylvania Location of Pennsylvania with the U.S.A. Coordinates: County Erie County Founded 1795 Government  - Mayor Joseph Sinnott Area  - City  28. ... A peninsula in Croatia A peninsula (from the latin words paene insula, almost island) is a geographical landform consisting of an extension of a body of land from a larger body of land, surrounded by water on three sides. ... Master Commandant was a rank within the early United States Navy. ... This article is about the naval officer. ... Lake Ontario, bounded on the north by the Canadian province of Ontario and on the south by Ontarios Niagara Peninsula and by New York State, USA, is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. ... Isaac Chauncey (20 February 1779 – 27 January 1840) was an officer in the United States Navy. ... The Battle of Fort George was a battle fought during the War of 1812, in which the Americans captured the British fort on western Lake Ontario. ...

Meanwhile, Commander Robert Heriot Barclay was appointed to command the British squadron on Lake Erie. He was forced to make the tedious journey to Amherstburg overland and did not arrive before June 10. He brought with him only a handful of officers and seamen. Nevertheless he immediately put out in two warships. He first had a look at Perry’s base at Presque Isle and determined that it was defended by 2,000 militia, with batteries and redoubts. He then cruised the eastern end of Lake Erie, hoping to intercept the American vessels from Black Rock. The weather was hazy, and he missed them. Commander is a military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service. ... Robert Heriot Barclay (18 September 1786 – 8 May 1837). ... Coordinates: Country Canada Province Ontario County Essex Mayor Wayne Hurst Governing body Amherstburg Town Council Member of Parliament Jeff Watson (CONS) Provincial Representative Bruce Crozier (LIB) Area    - City 185. ... June 10 is the 161st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (162nd in leap years), with 204 days remaining. ... Lexington Minuteman representing militia minuteman John Parker. ... Artillery with Gabion fortification Cannons on display at Fort Point Continental Artillery crew from the American Revolution Firing of an 18-pound gun, Louis-Philippe Crepin, (1772 – 1851) A forge-welded Iron Cannon in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. ... Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. ...

During July and August, Barclay attempted to complete a corvette at Amherstburg, HMS Detroit, and to augment the strength of his squadron. He repeatedly called for men and supplies from Commodore James Lucas Yeo, commanding on Lake Ontario, but received very little. The commander of the British Army on the Detroit frontier, Major-General Henry Procter, declined to make an attack on Presque Isle unless he was reinforced, and instead he incurred heavy losses in an unsuccessful attack on Fort Stephenson. Painting of HMS Detroit by E.A Hodgkinson During the War of 1812, the British Royal Navy had two small vessels named HMS Detroit on Lake Erie, both named after the nearby Fort Detroit. ... Commodore has several meanings: Commodore International is a computer company Commodore 64 and Amiga were home computers Commodore (rank) is a naval rank Commodore (yacht club) is the senior officer of a yacht club The Holden Commodore is a type of car The Opel Commodore is a type of car... James Lucas Yeo (1782-1818) was a British Naval commander who served in the War of 1812. ... The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ... Henry Procter (c. ... The Battle of Fort Stephenson was an American victory during the War of 1812. ...

Barclay maintained a blockade of Presque Isle but had to leave on July 29 because of shortage of supplies and bad weather. When he returned four days later, he found that Perry had worked most of his squadron across the sandbar at the mouth of the harbor. This was an exhausting task. The guns had to be removed from all the boats, and the largest of them had to be raised between “camels” (barges or lighters which were then emptied of ballast). Perry’s two largest brigs were not ready for action, but the gunboats and smaller brigs formed a line so confidently that Barclay withdrew to await the completion of the Detroit. July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining. ...

Once Perry had manned his squadron and remounted all its guns, he controlled the lake. Since Barclay was now unable to move supplies to Amherstburg, his sailors, Procter’s troops, and the very large numbers of Indian warriors and their families there quickly ran out of supplies. Barclay had no choice but to put out again and offer battle with Perry.

Battle

Movements of the squadrons of Perry and Barclay on the morning of Sept. 10

The two squadrons met near Put-in-Bay, Ohio, on September 10. The wind was light. Barclay initially held the weather gauge, but the wind shifted and allowed Perry to close and attack. Perry hoped to get his two big brigs, his flagship US Brig Lawrence and US Brig Niagara into carronade range quickly. However, the Niagara—under Elliot—was slow to come into action (it may have been obstructed by the unhandy Caledonia) and aboard the Lawrence, Perry had to face three British ships alone. This would prove a matter of dispute between the men for many years. Battle of Lake Erie: Movements of Perry (US) and Barclay (UK) squadrons on the morning of September 10, 1813 © 2004 Matthew Trump. ... Battle of Lake Erie: Movements of Perry (US) and Barclay (UK) squadrons on the morning of September 10, 1813 © 2004 Matthew Trump. ... Put-in-Bay, Ohio, looking out towards Lake Erie Put-in-Bay is an incorporated village located on South Bass Island, Ottawa County, Ohio. ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the Gregorian calendar (254th in leap years). ... The weather gage (less commonly weather gauge) is the favorable position of a sailing vessel relative to the wind. ... The first USS Lawrence was one of two 493-ton Niagara-class brigs built at Erie, Pennsylvania, for United States Navy service on the Great Lakes during the War of 1812. ... The first USS Niagara was a brig in the United States Navy during the War of 1812. ... 24-pounder carronade (140 mm) 68-pounder British naval carronade The carronade was a short smoothbore, cast iron cannon, developed for the Royal Navy by the Carron Company, an ironworks in Falkirk, Scotland, UK used from the 1770s to the 1860s. ...

Although the American gunboats steadily pounded the British ships from a distance, Lawrence was eventually reduced to a wreck. Four-fifths of its crew were killed or wounded. Both of the fleet’s surgeons were sick with lake fever[1], so the wounded were taken care of by the assistant, Usher Parsons. Perry decided to transfer his flag. He was rowed a half mile (1 km) through heavy gunfire to the Niagara while the Lawrence was surrendered. Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease that is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of the Americas, Asia, and Africa. ...

Once aboard Niagara, Perry dispatched Elliot to bring the gunboats into closer action, while he led Niagara at Barclay’s damaged ships. Niagara’s broadsides severely wounded Barclay. Detroit collided with another British ship, HMS Queen Charlotte, and both ships surrendered, being unmanageable and their commanders having been killed or wounded. The smaller British gunboats tried to flee but were overtaken and also surrendered. Four ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Queen Charlotte after Charlotte, queeen consort of King George III of the United Kingdom. ... A gunboat is literally a boat carrying one or more guns. ...

Although Perry won the battle on the Niagara, he received the British surrender on the deck of the recaptured Lawrence so as to allow the British to see the terrible price his men had suffered.

Results

Each side suffered over 100 casualties. The vessels were anchored and hasty repairs were underway near West Sister Island when Perry composed his now famous message to General William Henry Harrison, commander of the Army of the Northwest. Scrawled in pencil on the back of an old envelope, Perry wrote: This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 – April 4, 1841) was an American military leader, politician, and the ninth President of the United States. ...

Dear General:

We have met the enemy and they are ours. Two ships, two brigs, one schooner and one sloop.

Yours with great respect and esteem,

O.H. Perry

Perry next sent the following message to the Secretary of the Navy, William Jones: Flag of the United States Secretary of the Navy. ... Navy collection image of Jones William Jones (1760–September 6, 1831) was an American politician. ...

Brig Niagara, off the Western Sister,

Head of Lake Erie September 10, 4 P. M.

Sir:- It has pleased the Almighty to give to the arms of the United States a signal victory over their enemies on this lake. The British squadron, consisting of two ships, two brigs, one schooner and one sloop, have this moment surrendered to the force under my command after a sharp conflict.

I have the honor to be, Sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

O. H. Perry

Once his ships were patched up, Perry ferried 2,500 American soldiers to Detroit, while Harrison moved overland with 1,000 mounted troops. The British force under Procter had abandoned Detroit and Amherstburg and were retreating when Harrison caught up with them and defeated them at the Battle of the Thames. Combatants British Empire Indian Confederation United States Commanders Henry Procter Tecumseh † William Henry Harrison Strength 800 regulars 500 natives1 2,380 militia 1,000 cavalry 120 regulars 260 natives1 Casualties 155 British dead or wounded 477 captured 33 natives dead 15 dead 30 wounded The Battle of the Thames, also...

The Americans controlled Lake Erie for the remainder of the war. This accounted for much of the Americans’ successes on the Niagara peninsula in 1814 and also removed the threat of a British attack on Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, or Western New York. The Niagara Peninsula is the portion of Ontario, Canada lying on the south shore of Lake Ontario. ... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Area  Ranked 11th  - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 491 miles (790 km)  - % water 41. ... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... Official language(s) English, Pennsylvania Dutch Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None Area 141,205 km² (27th)  - Land 122,409 km²  - Water 18,795 km² (13. ...

Aftermath

After the war, the U.S. Navy intentionally sank both the Lawrence and Niagara in Misery Bay in Lake Erie; the battle damage they had suffered was too extensive to repair. In 1875, the Lawrence was raised and moved to Philadelphia, where she was displayed at the 1876 Centennial Exposition. Later that year, the ship burned when the pavilion that housed it caught fire. Although Niagara was raised and restored in 1913, she subsequently fell into disrepair. She was eventually disassembled, and portions of her were used in a reconstructed Niagara, which is now on view in Erie, Pennsylvania. The United States Navy, also known as the USN or the U.S. Navy, is a branch of the United States armed forces responsible for conducting naval operations. ... Nickname: Motto: Philadelphia maneto - Let brotherly love continue Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Government  - Mayor John F. Street (D) Area  - City  142. ... Opening day ceremonies at the Centennial Exhibition The Centennial International Exhibition of 1876, the first official worlds fair in the United States, was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia. ... Pavilion may refer to a type of building: Pavilion (structure) or to a specific building: Pavilion, New York London Pavilion Royal Pavilion Balboa Pavilion Pavilion is a brand name of computers and notebooks made by Hewlett-Packard. ... Nickname: The Gem City Location in Pennsylvania Location of Pennsylvania with the U.S.A. Coordinates: County Erie County Founded 1795 Government  - Mayor Joseph Sinnott Area  - City  28. ...

The Perry Monument within Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial now stands atop Put-in-Bay, commemorating the men who fought in the battle. Perrys Victory and International Peace Memorial commemorates the Battle of Lake Erie, near Ohios South Bass Island, in which Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry won the greatest naval battle of the War of 1812. ... South Bass Island Put-in-Bay is the incorporated village located on South Bass Island, Ohio, USA. The island is located in Lake Erie, 15 miles/25 km NW of Sandusky Ohio at Latitude 41°39N / Longitude 82°49W. The island is 3 mi/5 km long and...

After the war, there was a bitter quarrel between Perry and Elliot over their respective parts in the action, mostly fought at second hand in the press. On the British side, Barclay was exonerated of any blame by a court-martial but was too badly injured to see service again for several years. A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a military court that determines punishments for members of the military subject to military law. ...

The Battle of Lake Erie is one of five American naval engagements cited by United States Naval Academy Professor Craig L. Symonds in his book Decision at Sea (2005) as being decisive in establishing U.S. naval superiority. The others were the Battle of Hampton Roads (1862), the Battle of Manila Bay (1898), the Battle of Midway (1942), and Operation Praying Mantis (1988). The United States Naval Academy (USNA) is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and is in Annapolis, Maryland, near Washington D.C. The Academy often is referred to simply as Annapolis although naval officers normally refer to it in conversation... The meaning of the word professor (Latin: one who claims publicly to be an expert) varies. ... Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders John L. Worden Franklin Buchanan Catesby R. Jones Strength 1 ironclad, 3 wooden warships 1 ironclad, 2 wooden warships, 1 gunboat, 2 tenders Casualties 2 wooden warships sunk, 1 wooden warship damaged 261 killed 108 wounded 1 ironclad damaged 7... Combatants United States Spain Commanders George Dewey Patricio Montojo y Pasarón Strength 3 protected cruisers 2 gunboats 1 revenue cutter 2 supply vessels 2 protected cruisers 4 unprotected cruisers 1 gunboat Casualties 9 wounded, 1 dead 161 dead 210 wounded The Battle of Manila Bay took place on 1... Combatants United States of America Empire of Japan Commanders Chester W. Nimitz Frank J. Fletcher Raymond A. Spruance Isoroku Yamamoto Chuichi Nagumo Tamon Yamaguchi † Strength 3 carriers, ~50 support ships, 233 carrier aircraft, 127 land-based aircraft 4 carriers, 7 battleships, ~150 support ships, 248 carrier aircraft, 16 floatplanes Casualties... Iranian frigate IS Sahand (74) attacked by aircraft of U.S. Navy Carrier Air Wing 11 in retaliation for the mining of the guided missile frigate USS . ...

Causes of the American victory

Most historians consider that the Americans won on Lake Erie through superior strength, which again resulted from easier supply lines. Although Perry’s cannon came from foundries on Chesapeake Bay, and were moved to Presqu’Isle only with great difficulty, Perry could obtain other materials and fittings from Pittsburgh, which was expanding as a manufacturing center. By contrast, Barclay’s guns and supplies had to come up the Saint Lawrence River and along the lengths of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Because the Americans controlled Lake Ontario and occupied the Niagara Peninsula in early 1813, supplies for Barclay had to be carried overland from York. The American victory at the Battle of York meant that guns intended for the Detroit fell into American hands. Detroit had to be completed with a miscellany of guns from the fortifications of Amherstburg, Ontario. It was alleged that these guns lacked flintlock firing mechanisms and matches, and that they could be fired only by snapping pistols over powder piled in the vent holes. (Nevertheless, they were very effectively served during the battle). The Chesapeake Bay - Landsat photo The Chesapeake Bay where the Susquehanna River empties into it. ... Nickname: Steel City, Iron City, Steel Town, City of Champions, City of Bridges, City of Colleges, The Burgh Motto: Benigno Numine (With the Benevolent Deity) Location in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Allegheny County Founded November 25, 1758 Incorporated April 22, 1794 (borough)   March 18... TheSaint Lawrence River (In French: fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... Lake Ontario, bounded on the north by the Canadian province of Ontario and on the south by Ontarios Niagara Peninsula and by New York State, USA, is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the eleventh largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, it is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... The Niagara Peninsula is the portion of Ontario, Canada lying on the south shore of Lake Ontario. ... Template:Hide = Motto: Template:Unhide = Diversity Our Strength Image:Toronto, Ontario Location. ... The Battle of York was a battle of the War of 1812 on April 27, 1813, at York, Upper Canada, which was later to become Toronto, Ontario. ... Coordinates: Country Canada Province Ontario County Essex Mayor Wayne Hurst Governing body Amherstburg Town Council Member of Parliament Jeff Watson (CONS) Provincial Representative Bruce Crozier (LIB) Area    - City 185. ... Flintlock of an 18th Century hunting rifle, with piece of flint missing. ...

The crews on both sides were a mixture of professional seamen, with lake sailors and boatmen or voyageurs. Volunteers from Harrison’s army made up the American crews, while Barclay had several soldiers drafted from Procter’s 41^st Regiment. The coureurs des bois (runners of the woods) or voyageurs (travellers) is the name given to the men who engaged in the fur trade directly with the Amerindians in North America from the time of New France up through the 19th century, when much of the continent was still mostly... The Welch Regiment (or The Welch) was a British army regiment. ...

The battle itself was close-run. Because of failing winds, Perry’s superior squadron straggled into action, and as a result, Perry’s flagship was forced to fight at unequal odds. A draw might have been possible, though a complete British victory was unlikely. In the event, the portion of the American squadron which had not been engaged in the early part of the action was later able to overwhelm the damaged British ships with their depleted and exhausted crews. A military unit is an organisation within an armed force. ...

Vessels involved

Listed in order of sailing:

USS Scorpion was a schooner of the United States Navy during the War of 1812. ... Five ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Ariel, after the sprite Ariel of The Tempest. ... The first USS Lawrence was one of two 493-ton Niagara-class brigs built at Erie, Pennsylvania, for United States Navy service on the Great Lakes during the War of 1812. ... The first USS Caledonia was a brig in the United States Navy during the War of 1812. ... October 9 is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the overture by Tchaikovsky, see 1812 Overture; For the wars, see War of 1812 (USA - United Kingdom) or Patriotic War of 1812 (France - Russia) For the Siberia Airlines plane crashed over the Black Sea on October 4, 2001, see Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 1812 was a leap year starting... The first USS Niagara was a brig in the United States Navy during the War of 1812. ... USS Somers was a schooner, formerly the Catherine, purchased by the United States Navy in 1812. ... The first USS Trippe was a sloop in the United States Navy during the War of 1812. ... Painting of HMS Detroit by E.A Hodgkinson During the War of 1812, the British Royal Navy had two small vessels named HMS Detroit on Lake Erie, both named after the nearby Fort Detroit. ...

References

• Emerson, George D. (Compiled by) (1912). The Perry's Victory Centenary - Report of The Perry's Victory Centennial Commission, State of New York. Albany: J. B. Lyon Company. 
• Mahan, Alfred T.. Sea Power in Its Relations to the War of 1812 . 1905.
• Miller, Arthur P. Jr.; Miller, Marjorie L. (2000). Pennsylvania Battlefields and Military Landmarks. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-2876-5. 
• Roosevelt, Theodore. The Naval War of 1812. The Modern Library, New York. ISBN 0-375-75419-9
• Skaggs, David; Atloff, Gerard (1997). A Signal Victory: The Lake Erie Campaign, 1812-13. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-5575-0892-5. 
• Symonds, Craig (2005). Decision at Sea. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-1951-7145-4. 
• Zaslow, Morris (ed). The Defended Border. Macmillan of Canada. ISBN 0-7705-1242-9

Rear Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan (September 27, 1840 - December 1, 1914) was a United States Navy officer, geostrategist, and educator. ... Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt, Jr. ...

External links

• Perry's account of the Battle of Lake Erie
• "Log of the Battle of Lake Erie" by Sailing Master William Taylor
• US Brig Niagara