 The Carroccio of Legnano on the way to the battlefield.
 The Oath of Pontida painted by Amos Cassioli. The Battle of Legnano was fought on 29 May 1176 between the German forces of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and the forces of the Lombard League of north Italian cities. It was the first of the wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines which dominated north Italian politics for the next century. It was a decisive defeat for imperial pretensions in Italy and a turning point in the history of the Italian city-states, which were thenceforth independent entities. The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting, respectively, the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in central and northern Italy during the 12th and 13th centuries. ...
Image File history File links Comune33. ...
May 29 is the 149th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (150th in leap years). ...
Events May 22 - Murder attempt by the Hashshashin on Saladin near Aleppo Raynald of Chatillon released from prison in Aleppo May 29 - Frederick Barbarossa is defeated in the Battle of Legnano by the Lombard League leading to the pactum Anagninum (the Agreement of Anagni) September 17 - Seljuk Turks defeat Manuel...
Legnano is a city in northern Italy, northwest of Milan, with a population of roughly 56,000. ...
Lombardy (Italian: Lombardia) is a region in northern Italy between the Alps and the Po river valley. ...
Guelph has several meanings: Guelph is a city in Ontario, Canada. ...
The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ...
The Lombard League was an alliance formed around 1167, which at its apex included most of the cities of northern Italy (although its membership changed in time), including, among others, Milan, Piacenza, Cremona, Mantua, Bergamo, Brescia, Bologna, Padua, Treviso, Vicenza, Verona, Lodi, and Parma, and even some lords, such as...
Frederick Barbarossa in a 13th century Chronicle. ...
Statue of Alberto da Giussano in Legnano, Lombardy Alberto da Giussano (born in Giussano, Lombardy) was a Guelph warrior during the wars of the Lombard League against Frederick Barbarossa in 12th century. ...
The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting, respectively, the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in central and northern Italy during the 12th and 13th centuries. ...
The Battle of Cortenuova was fought on 27th November 1237 when Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II defeated the Lombard League. ...
The Siege of Brescia occurred in 1238. ...
The Siege of Faenza occurred in 1239. ...
The Siege of Viterbo was fought in 1243 between the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and the rebellious city of Viterbo. ...
The Battle of Parma was fought in February 18, 1248 between the forces of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and the Guelphs. ...
The Battle of Fossalta was fought on May 26, 1249 between Bologna and an alliance of Cremona, Moderna, and Sardinia. ...
The Battle of Cingoli was fought in 1250 between the forces of the Holy Roman Empire and the armies of the Guelphs and the Papal States. ...
The Battle of Montaperti was fought on September 4, 1260, between Florence and Siena in Tuscany as part of the conflict between the Guelphs and Ghibellines. ...
The Battle of Benevento was fought in Southern Italy on February 26, 1266, where the invading Angevin forces led by Charles, the Count of Anjou, overcame a combined German-Sicilian force led by Manfred of Sicily. ...
The Battle of Tagliacozzo was fought on August 23, 1268 between the French forces of Charles of Anjou and the Sicilians, led by Conradin. ...
The Battle of Campaldino was a battle between the Guelphs and Ghibellines on June 11, 1289. ...
The Battle of Zappolino was fought in 1325 between the towns of Bologna and Modena. ...
Image File history File links Car1176. ...
Image File history File links Car1176. ...
Image File history File links Pontida11. ...
Image File history File links Pontida11. ...
May 29 is the 149th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (150th in leap years). ...
Events May 22 - Murder attempt by the Hashshashin on Saladin near Aleppo Raynald of Chatillon released from prison in Aleppo May 29 - Frederick Barbarossa is defeated in the Battle of Legnano by the Lombard League leading to the pactum Anagninum (the Agreement of Anagni) September 17 - Seljuk Turks defeat Manuel...
The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ...
Frederick in a 13th century Chronicle Frederick I (German: Friedrich I. von Hohenstaufen)(1122 – June 10, 1190), also known as Friedrich Barbarossa (Frederick Redbeard) was elected king of Germany on March 4, 1152 and crowned Holy Roman Emperor on June 18, 1155. ...
The Lombard League was an alliance formed around 1167, which at its apex included most of the cities of northern Italy (although its membership changed in time), including, among others, Milan, Piacenza, Cremona, Mantua, Bergamo, Brescia, Bologna, Padua, Treviso, Vicenza, Verona, Lodi, and Parma, and even some lords, such as...
The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting, respectively, the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in central and northern Italy during the 12th and 13th centuries. ...
In the year 1167 several towns in northern Italy formed the Lombard League in opposition to the emperor, Frederick I Barbarossa, who had demanded to have the so-called regalia reinstated, royal rights, such as the right of coinage or collecting duties, which were often very lucrative. In the Oath of Pontida the communes, which until that time had followed conflicting political interests, swore to stand together against Barbarossa. In the Battle of Legnano they finally defeated the imperial forces in 1176.
The Milanese Guelphs created a Carroccio decorated with the cross of St. Ambrose. The Heart piece of the Lombard League was the "Company of Death" which was lead by the Guelph knight Alberto da Giussano. Frederick failed to receive expected German reinforcements, and his largely cavalry forces were eventually repulsed by the Lombard League, comprising Milan and other states loyal to the Pope. The Imperial troops kept the upper hand at the start, and routed the first lines of the Lombard cavalry and some infantry. But when the "Company of Death" and the rest of the Lombard infantry arrived, the table was completely turned. Along with these reinforcements came Milanese and Brescian cavalry which attacked the flank of the emperor. Cavalry returning from their initial flight began forcing the Imperial troops back. It was the Brescian cavalry that managed eventually to break through and personally attack the emperor, killing the guards and capturing the Imperial Insignia. Frederick I Barbarossa was wounded and fell to the ground, but managed to escape the battlefield. Frederick's forces were demoralized when he was wounded and erroneously thought him killed. Because of this, the Imperial troops started to flee and were largely chased down by Lombard cavalry. A carroccio was a war chariot drawn by oxen, used by the medieval republics of Italy. ...
Saint Ambrose, Latin Sanctus Ambrosius, Italian SantAmbrogio (circa 340 - April 4, 397), bishop of Milan, was one of the most eminent fathers of the Christian church in the 4th century. ...
Statue of Alberto da Giussano in Legnano, Lombardy Alberto da Giussano (born in Giussano, Lombardy) was a Guelph warrior during the wars of the Lombard League against Frederick Barbarossa in 12th century. ...
Soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback in combat are commonly known as cavalry (from French cavalerie). ...
The Lombard League was an alliance formed around 1167, which at its apex included most of the cities of northern Italy (although its membership changed in time), including, among others, Milan, Piacenza, Cremona, Mantua, Bergamo, Brescia, Bologna, Padua, Treviso, Vicenza, Verona, Lodi, and Parma, and even some lords, such as...
Milan (Italian: Milano; Milanese: Milán (listen)) is the main city of northern Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. ...
The current Pope is Benedict XVI (born Joseph Alois Ratzinger), who was elected at the age of 78 on 19 April 2005. ...
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Although Frederick subsequently negotiated a favorable peace, Legnano marked the Empire's last effort to control the lands south of the Alps during his reign. The outcome of this battle was largely the result of the courage of the Italian infantry. Instead of breaking and running, they remained in formation where their spears and pikes were quite effective. This gave time for the Italian cavalry to regroup and attack. This battle is the first major victory of infantry over feudal cavalry in the Middle Ages. It also demonstrates the superior quality of mixed armies of cavalry and infantry to singularly cavalry armies. The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ...
The West face of the Petit Dru above the Chamonix valley near the Mer de Glace. ...
In 1848, Giuseppe Verdi, the famous Italian Composer, composed an opera about this Battle titled La battaglia di Legnano Giuseppe Verdi, by Giovanni Boldini, 1886 (National Gallery of Modern Art, Rome). ...
La battaglia di Legnano (The battle of Legnano) is an Opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi from Italian libretto by Salvatore Cammarano, based on play La Battaille de Toulouse by Joseph Méry. ...
References
"Battles of the Medieval World." Kelly DeVries. Amber Books Ltd. 2006. Pages 30-39. |
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