The naval Battle of L'Espagnols sur Mer (Spanish on the Sea), or Battle of Winchelsea took place on 29 August (Old Style) 1350 and was a victory for an English fleet of 50 ships commanded by Edward III, with the Black Prince, over a Castilian fleet of 40 ships commanded by de la Cerda. Between 14 and 26 Castilian ships were captured, and some were sunk, while 2 or more English vessels were sunk. The first part of the Hundred Years War was from 1337 to 1360, from the outbreak of hostilities until the signing of the Treaty of Brétigny. ... The Battle of Cadsand was fought in 1337 between the English, commanded by the Earl of Derby and Sir Walter Manny, and the Flemish garrison of Cadzand, under Sir Guy of Flanders, bastard son of Louis, Count of Nevers. ... Combatants England Flanders France Genoese mercenaries Castilian mercenaries Commanders Robert Morley, Various others Hugues Quiéret, Nicolas Béhuchet Strength Varied 40-70 ships The English Channel naval campaign of the years 1338 and 1339 saw a protracted series of raids conducted by the nascent French navy and numerous privately... Combatants England France Commanders Edward III of England Hugues Quiéret, Nicolas Béhuchet Strength 250 ships 190 ships Casualties Unknown 20 000 (Europe A History by Norman Davies) The naval Battle of Sluys was fought on 24 June 1340. ... Combatants France Flanders England Commanders Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy Jean I, Count of Armagnac Robert III of Artois Strength ~3,000 11,000-16,000 Casualties Unknown, light 8,000 The battle of Saint-Omer was a large action fought in 1340 as part of King Edward IIIs... The Battle of Auberoche was fought in 1345 between the English and the French. ... This article is about the battle in 1346 during the Hundred Years War. ... The Battle of Blanchetaque was fought in 1346 between French and English forces. ... Combatants Kingdom of England, Allied knights from Germany and Denmark France, Genoese Mercenaries, the Kingdoms of Navarre, Bohemia and the Balearic Islands Commanders Edward III of England Edward, the Black Prince Philip VI of France Strength about 12,000 30,000 to 40,000 Casualties 150-1,000 killed and... Combatants England France Commanders Edward III of England Jean de Fosseux Strength 34,000 men:5300 knights, 6600 infantry, 20,000 archers, 2,000 Flemish soldiers 7,000 to 8,000 citizens Casualties  ?  ? The Siege of Calais in northern France began in 1346, towards the beginning of what would later... Combatants Scotland England Commanders David II of Scotland William Zouche, Archbishop of York Strength 12,000 3,000-3,500 Casualties Unknown (high) Unknown (very low) The Battle of Nevilles Cross took place near Durham, England on October 17, 1346. ... The naval Battle of LEspagnols sur Mer (Spanish on the Sea), or Battle of Winchelsea took place on 29 August (Old Style) 1350 and was a victory for an English fleet of 50 ships commanded by Edward III, with the Black Prince, over a Castilian fleet of 40 ships... Combatants Kingdom of England Gascony France Commanders Edward, the Black Prince Captal de Buch John II of France Strength 9,000 12,000 Casualties Minimal 2,500 killed or wounded The Battle of Poitiers was fought between the Kingdom of England and France on September 19, 1356, resulting in the... August 29 is the 241st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (242nd in leap years), with 124 days remaining. ... Events 29 August - An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Spanish fleet in the battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer. ... Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) was one of the most successful English kings of medieval times. ... Edward the Black Prince - illustration from Cassells History of England circa 1902 Effigy on the Black Princes tomb in Canterbury Cathedral Edward, Prince of Wales, known as the Black Prince (June 15, 1330 - June 8, 1376) was the eldest son of King Edward III of England. ...

Narrative of the battle

Spanish ships had fought against England as the allies or mercenaries of France, and there had been instances of piratical violence between the trading ships of both nations. A Spanish merchant fleet was loading cargoes in the Flemish ports to be carried to the Basque coast. The ships were armed and had warships with them. They were all under the command of Don Carlos de la Cerda, a soldier of fortune who belonged to a branch of the Castilian royal family. On its way to Flanders the Spanish fleet had captured a number of English trading ships, and had thrown the crews overboard. Piratical violence and massacre of this kind was then universal on the sea. On 10 August, when the king was at Rotherhithe, he announced his intention of attacking the Spaniards on their way home. The rendezvous of his fleet was at Winchelsea, and thither the king went by land, accompanied by his wife and her ladies, by his sons, the Black Prince and John of Gaunt, as well as by many nobles. The ladies were placed in a convent and the king embarked on his flagship, the Cog Thomas, on 28 August. The English fleet did not put to sea but remained at anchor, waiting for the appearance of the Spaniards. Its strength is not known with certainty, but Stow puts it at 50 ships and pinnaces. Carlos de la Cerda was obviously well disposed to give the king a meeting. Charles de la Cerda (1327 – January 8, 1354, LAigle), Franco-Spanish nobleman and soldier, was the son of Alfonso de la Cerda (d. ... Flanders (Dutch: ) has several main meanings: the social, cultural and linguistical, scientific and educational, economical and political community of the Flemings; some prefer to call this the Flemish community (others refer to this as the Flemish nation) which is, with over 6 million inhabitants, the majority of all Belgians; a... August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... St Olavs, Rotherhithes Norwegian church. ... Winchelsea is a small walled town in East Sussex, England, at the southern corner of the Romney Marsh. ... John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (June 24, 1340 - February 3, 1399), the third surviving son of King Edward III of England, gained his name because he was born at Ghent in 1340. ...

He might easily have avoided the English if he had kept well out in the Channel. But he relied on the size and strength of his 40 large ships, and in expectation of an encounter had recruited a body of mercenaries - mostly crossbowmen - in the Flemish ports. In the afternoon of 29 August he bore down boldly on King Edward's ships at anchor at Winchelsea. When the Spaniards hove in sight, the king was sitting on the deck of his ship, with his knights and nobles, listening to his minstrels who played German airs, and to the singing of Sir John Chandos. When the look-out in the tops reported the enemy in sight, the king and his company drank to one another's health, the trumpet was sounded, and the whole line stood out. All battles at that time, whether on land or sea, were finally settled by stroke of sword. The English steered to board the Spaniards. The kings own ship was run into by one of the enemy with such violence that both were damaged, and she began to sink. The Spaniard stood on, and the Cog Thomas was laid alongside another, which was carried by boarding. It was high time, for the king and his following had barely reached the deck of the Spaniard before the Cog Thomas went to the bottom. Other Spaniards were taken, but the fight was hot. La Cerda's crossbowmen did much execution, and the higher-built Spaniards were able to drop bars of iron or other weights on the lighter English vessels, by which they were damaged. The conflict was continued till twilight. At the close the large English vessel called La Salle du Roi, which carried the kings household, and was commanded by the Fleming, Robert of Namur, afterwards a knight of the Garter, was grappled by a big Spaniard, and was being dragged off by him. The crew called loudly for a rescue, but were either not heard or, if heard, could not be helped. The Salle du Roi would have been taken if a Flemish squire of Robert of Namur, named Hannequin, had not performed a great feat of arms. He boarded the Spaniard and cut the halyards of her mainsail with his sword. The Spanish ship was taken. King Edward is said to have captured 14 of the enemy. What his own loss was is not stated, but as his own vessel, and also the vessel carrying the Black Prince, were sunk, and from the peril of La Salle du Roi, we may conclude that the English fleet suffered heavily. There was no pursuit, and a truce was made with the Basque towns the next year. August 29 is the 241st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (242nd in leap years), with 124 days remaining. ... Sir John Chandos (died 1369) was an English knight. ... A lookout or look-out is a person on a ship in charge of the observation of the sea for hazards, other ships, land, etc. ... On a traditional square rigged ship, the top is the platform at the upper end of each (lower) mast. ... A garter is one of the Orders most recognisable insignia. ... In sailing, a halyard is a line (rope) that is used to hoist (pull up) a sail or a yard to which a sail has been attached (bent on). ... A mainsail is the most important sail raised from the main (or only) mast of a sailing vessel. ...

The battle with the Spaniards on the sea is a very typical example of a medieval sea-fight, when the ships were of the size of a small coaster or a fishing smack, were crowded with men, and when the personal prowess of a single knight or squire was an important element of strength.

The only real authority for the battle is Froissart, who was at different times in the service of King Edward or of his wife, Philippa of Hainault, and of the counts of Namur. He repeated what was told him by men who had been present, and dwells as usual on the chivalry of his patrons. See his Chroniques, iv. 91. Jean Froissart (~1337 - ~1405) was one of the most important of the chroniclers of medieval France. ... Philippa of Hainault Philippa of Hainault (~1314 - August 15, 1369) was the Queen consort of Edward III of England. ...

Ships involved

England (Edward III)

Thomas
Edward
Jonette
Plenty
Isabella
Gabriel
Michael
Welfare
Mariote
Jerusalem
Thomas Beauchamp
Mary
Godibiate
John
Edmund
Falcon
Buchett
Lawrence
32 others
Losses unknown, most probably heavy.

Castile (de la Cerda)

40 ships - Perhaps 24 captured, some sunk

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.